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arxiv: 2606.19068 · v1 · pith:ELDM6YBRnew · submitted 2026-06-17 · ✦ hep-ex

High-p_(rm T) physics and jet production

Francesco Giuli This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-26 18:47 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ex
keywords jet productionhigh-pT physicsperturbative QCDparton distribution functionsstrong coupling constantgluon distributionLHC measurementsalpha_s extraction
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The pith

Inclusive jet measurements from CMS and ATLAS constrain the gluon distribution at large Bjorken x and enable extractions of α_s(m_Z) compatible with the world average.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This review summarises recent inclusive-jet, dijet and jet-multiplicity measurements from the LHC and other facilities. It shows how these data, compared to next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD calculations, tighten the gluon parton distribution at high momentum fractions while producing a strong-coupling value that agrees with the global average. The paper stresses the importance of non-perturbative and electroweak corrections together with careful handling of correlated uncertainties to achieve this agreement. Dijet observables add sensitivity through mass, rapidity and boost variables, and multiplicity ratios suppress several sources of uncertainty. Advances in energy calibration and substructure studies extend the reach toward Run 3 analyses and future PDF fits.

Core claim

Jet production is the dominant high-p_T process at hadron colliders and serves as a central testing ground for perturbative QCD, parton distribution functions and determinations of the strong coupling. Inclusive jet measurements from CMS and ATLAS constrain the gluon distribution at large Bjorken x and enable extractions of α_s(m_Z) compatible with the world average. Dijet measurements supply complementary sensitivity through the dijet invariant mass, rapidity separation and longitudinal boost, while ratios of inclusive jet multiplicities reduce several experimental and PDF uncertainties and directly probe additional QCD radiation.

What carries the argument

Comparison of measured inclusive jet cross sections, dijet kinematics and multiplicity ratios to NNLO perturbative QCD predictions after inclusion of non-perturbative and electroweak corrections.

If this is right

  • The gluon distribution is constrained at large Bjorken x, improving global PDF fits used for high-energy predictions.
  • Extractions of α_s(m_Z) from inclusive jets are compatible with the world average.
  • Dijet observables provide complementary sensitivity to the gluon through invariant mass, rapidity separation and boost.
  • Ratios of jet multiplicities suppress experimental and PDF uncertainties while probing additional QCD radiation.
  • Recent jet-energy calibration progress and substructure results from RHIC, ALICE and CMS support applications in Run 3 and future global analyses.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • These high-x gluon constraints could affect predictions for processes such as high-mass vector-boson production where the gluon density enters at large momentum fractions.
  • Integration of the LHC jet results with lower-energy data from RHIC may extend the kinematic range covered by global PDF determinations.
  • Jet substructure measurements could supply independent tests of the modelling of QCD radiation that go beyond inclusive rate observables.

Load-bearing premise

Next-to-next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions, after inclusion of non-perturbative and electroweak corrections, accurately describe the measured jet observables without large unaccounted systematic effects.

What would settle it

An extraction of α_s(m_Z) from the jet data that differs from the world average by more than the combined experimental and theoretical uncertainties would indicate that the theoretical description or the treatment of systematic effects requires revision.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.19068 by Francesco Giuli.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Impact of the combined CMS inclusive-jet data at four centre-of-mass energies on the valence￾quark, gluon and sea-quark PDF uncertainties. Plots taken from Ref. [2]. Inclusive-jet data mildly harden the high-𝑥 gluon and considerably reduce its uncertainty. This is visible in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Effect of various different jet production data sets at 7, 8 and 13 TeV, with differing choices of jet radius, on the gluon PDF and on the strange-to-light sea ratio. Uncertainties of the central fit are full uncertainties: experimental, evaluated with tolerance T=3, plus model and parameterisation uncertainties. Plots taken from Ref. [4]. The CMS dijet predictions are computed at NNLO with NNLOJET and fas… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Differential dijet cross sections, illustrated here for the (left) 2D measurement as a function of 𝑚1,2 using jets with R = 0.8, and the (right) 3D measurement as a function of < 𝑝T >1,2 using jets with R= 0.4. The markers and lines indicate the measured unfolded cross sections and the corresponding NNLO predictions, respectively. Plots taken from Ref. [7]. 2 3×10 3 10 3 2×10 [GeV] mjj 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: ATLAS full-Run 2 dijet measurement: Theory-to-data ratio for the double-differential cross￾section as a function of the invariant dijet mass 𝑚 𝑗 𝑗 in 2 representative 𝑦 ∗ bins for anti-kt R=0.4 jets at the particle level. The sub-figures compare NNLO pQCD calculations, corrected by electroweak and non￾perturbative corrections, with different PDF sets (MSHT, ATLASpdf21T3) to the ATLAS data. Coloured vertica… view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: ATLAS jet-multiplicity ratios 𝑅32 as functions of 𝐻T,2 for 𝑝T,3. The data error bands show the statistical and systematic components summed in quadrature. The theory error bands include contributions from the statistical, PDF, and scale variations. The statistical uncertainty on the theory predictions is illustrated with a vertical line. The lower figure panels provide ratios of the predictions to the unfo… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: (Left) Total fractional JES for PFlow jets in the most central pseudo-rapidity region as a function of the jet 𝑝T. The blue area shows the quadrature sum of all the uncertainties. For comparison the uncertainties as previously recommended for physics analysis are also given. Plot taken from Ref. [11]. (Right) Calibration factors for various 𝑝 avg T ranges. The statistical uncertainty propagated with the pr… view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: (Top) Ratio of jet cross section calculated from pQCD at NNLO with hadronization correction applied to cross sections at √ 𝑠= 200 GeV and 510 GeV. Plots taken from Ref. [13]. (Bottom) The measured emission density is shown differentially in ln(𝑅/Δ𝑅) bins for b quark jets with 40 < 𝑝T < 80 GeV. The vertical error bars rep- resents the statistical and systematics uncertainties summed in quadrature. The middl… view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: (Left) Unfolded and background subtracted jet mass distribution at the particle level for 𝑝T,ptcl > 650 GeV. The unfolded data are shown as black markers. The theory uncertainty is the sum in quadrature of parton shower variations and the hadronization model uncertainty, as well as the uncertainties in the QCD and EW corrections, and is drawn as a light shaded blue band. The purely perturbative uncertainti… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Jet production is the dominant high-$p_{\rm T}$ process at hadron colliders and provides a central testing ground for perturbative QCD, parton distribution functions and determinations of the strong coupling. This contribution summarises recent measurements of inclusive-jet, dijet and jet-multiplicity observables presented at DIS2026, with emphasis on the interplay between experimental precision, next-to-next-to-leading-order predictions, non-perturbative and electroweak corrections, and the treatment of correlated systematic uncertainties. Inclusive jet measurements from CMS and ATLAS constrain the gluon distribution at large Bjorken $x$ and enable extractions of $\alpha_s(m_Z)$ compatible with the world average. Dijet measurements provide complementary sensitivity through the dijet invariant mass, rapidity separation and longitudinal boost, while ratios of inclusive jet multiplicities reduce several experimental and PDF uncertainties and directly probe additional QCD radiation. Recent progress in jet-energy calibration, together with new results from RHIC, ALICE and CMS on jet substructure and heavy-quark radiation, illustrates the breadth of current high-$p_{\rm T}$ jet physics and its relevance for Run~3 and future global PDF analyses.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 1 minor

Summary. This conference summary contribution reviews recent inclusive-jet, dijet, and jet-multiplicity measurements from CMS, ATLAS, ALICE, and RHIC presented at DIS2026. It highlights the interplay of experimental precision with NNLO pQCD predictions (including non-perturbative and electroweak corrections), the treatment of correlated systematics, and the resulting constraints on the gluon PDF at large Bjorken x together with α_s(m_Z) extractions that are compatible with the world average. Complementary sensitivities from dijet mass, rapidity separation, and multiplicity ratios are noted, along with progress in jet-energy calibration and substructure observables.

Significance. If the reported experimental results and their interpretation hold, the summary usefully consolidates the current status of high-p_T jet physics for the PDF and QCD community. It explicitly credits the constraining power of published CMS/ATLAS inclusive-jet data on the gluon distribution and the consistency of α_s determinations, which directly informs global fits and Run-3 planning. As a proceedings contribution it adds no new derivation but provides a concise, referenced overview that can aid readers tracking the interplay between data and theory.

minor comments (1)
  1. The abstract and summary refer to 'DIS2026' without a footnote or reference clarifying whether this is a future or hypothetical conference; a brief clarification would aid readers.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive assessment of our conference summary contribution and the recommendation to accept. The referee's summary accurately reflects the manuscript's content and purpose.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: summary of external measurements only

full rationale

The document is a conference summary contribution that reports published CMS and ATLAS inclusive-jet, dijet and multiplicity results together with existing NNLO pQCD calculations. No new derivations, fits, parameters or predictions are introduced inside the paper; all central claims (gluon PDF constraints at large x, α_s(m_Z) compatibility) are presented as direct consequences of those external measurements. No equations, self-citations or ansätze appear that could reduce any statement to its own inputs by construction. The text is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

No free parameters, axioms or invented entities are introduced; the contribution reports existing experimental and theoretical results from the literature.

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Reference graph

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