Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T21:38:56.294433Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 67 of 67 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.23725.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T21:38:56.294433Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
67 of 67 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 6906fb0c-d7ac-4a76-a537-1bfca22f7654 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f7258bd8-14f7-44a7-bb78-c55866621745 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Octo: An Open-Source Generalist Robot Policy
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c37bd6a0-84c0-40ab-8c14-e26dc9083dd1 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation adc8e52a-e6c5-41e2-bc84-52c4d60949d2 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Lawrence Zitnick, and Devi Parikh
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 5e07d45e-304f-4a47-9794-d1832f08e5b1 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? The Colosseum: A benchmark for evaluating generalization for robotic manipulation, 2024
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 8e658d06-0aa4-40d5-ac1a-ccdd2dcb3b27 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? PHYBench: Holistic evaluation of physical perception and reasoning in large language models, 2025
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 1913f904-24d1-46f5-ae0d-d9345ad1aab1 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? PhysBench: Benchmarking and enhancing vision-language models for physical world understanding, 2024
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 6559068b-a1b8-407a-805c-4d67d3b4c50a · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Decodingtrust: A comprehensive assessment of trustworthiness in gpt models
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 2638d8e7-5e47-43ad-9163-e84c4210e807 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? AIR-Bench 2024: A Safety Benchmark Based on Risk Categories from Regulations and Policies
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 48f7a3a2-f019-4284-862a-59d997839c37 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Holistic Evaluation of Language Models
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9f05174b-5313-427e-91e8-a17579dac42b · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? VHELM: A Holistic Evaluation of Vision Language Models
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c2b3ed77-1e9f-460e-a45f-5e63451fd83c · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? CARES: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Trustworthiness in Medical Vision Language Models
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a023c5bf-c151-4e2b-bb0b-f95cd34d712a · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Mlagentbench: Evaluating language agents on machine learning experimentation
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8c0e0e31-9338-48ee-b818-3eca1c7b9118 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? 2handedafforder: Learning precise actionable bimanual affordances from human videos, 2025
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 3ae2e7ec-224d-48c9-9cc8-23fa144d1f9b · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Physvlm: Enabling visual language models to understand robotic physical reachability, 2025
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 9971844a-5cfe-463b-b838-761420c0177a · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Physion: Evaluating physical prediction from vision in humans and machines
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 4ae6d5d9-0009-4437-9b10-fe26c68a995c · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Ma- nipvqa: Injecting robotic affordance and physically grounded information into multi-modal large language models, 2024
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation facf6f78-5683-47a1-8626-0d86616cc03f · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Uniaff: A unified representation of affordances for tool usage and articulation with vision-language models, 2024
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 435ce38e-17db-499b-b756-d51693f8dd9a · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Naturalvlm: Leveraging fine-grained natural language for affordance-guided visual manipulation, 2024
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 2e4f3016-d980-4f0b-b08c-48eeebb5f193 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? A brief review of affordance in robotic manipulation research
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation d18f74ce-efd2-442d-958c-3cf82637183f · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? The theory of affordances:(1979)
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e1b21027-7264-4301-a26b-938296f9077d · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Human affordances for robotic pre-training
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation c6ed53ac-fd9c-4142-a2cf-306be5c81082 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Visual affordance-guided policy optimization
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 378245a4-09bc-4472-bd10-4cd241cd6e63 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? RoboMD: Uncovering Robot Vulnerabilities through Semantic Potential Fields
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3d9c59a7-3186-4af3-b2d0-c394922d5b5e · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? The open images dataset v4: Unified image classification, object detection, and visual relationship detection at scale
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 7dba8c53-3e46-4a3b-930d-ec94145acbad · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? RoboCasa: Large-Scale Simulation of Everyday Tasks for Generalist Robots
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation daee09f3-3c25-4d55-89fc-852d85e63896 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Mujoco: A physics engine for model-based control
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ed47769c-ec57-4ac5-9d5a-f42df5d2a195 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Introducing Claude 3.5 Sonnet
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation b670c6d1-c9a6-45ef-9127-3b57fea23d8c · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Claude 3.7 Sonnet (System Prompt Release Notes)
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation cd7b548f-c803-4eb5-aaa3-42ca4c7cdec8 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Introducing GPT-4.1 (mini) in the API
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 1b931a4a-3a8a-41e0-b5fd-14b600873bf4 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Grok-2 Beta Release
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 27863eda-dce5-44db-9ef7-519d5035834a · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? xAI’s Grok Chatbot Can Now ’See’ the World Around It
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation f7bbe869-7a30-4265-8a91-f809cc3943d1 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Llama 3.2 Vision Instruct Model Card
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation bb1383c5-4fa7-4380-a26f-bef921a80f6f · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Meta Releases Llama 4: A New Crop of Flagship AI Models
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 65f5f39e-b0f4-4826-9b81-481a8542aef6 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Qwen-VL-Plus Model
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation ab8b7328-19ac-4c23-af33-5adab2a70898 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Qwen2.5-VL Technical Report
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9287d5c6-9d91-45b2-bfb0-c3f0d64f79c3 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Can we keep the ball inside the penstand?
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e8faaa8f-afe5-4f3e-930a-c8a604288138 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation c2c332a3-5cf7-405c-90e7-42c4db12c66f · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 75dce2b3-9ed5-4e80-956e-b1a214793731 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 58c7ba42-bf34-40a6-8436-395c7573dca8 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 1aadb6f7-86d1-4f91-af3d-04fd99b93ab3 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? 5-flash-preview
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 6007b459-5973-4716-979b-034ce28a1cdd · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? 5-pro-preview-03-25
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 692743ce-7e4e-49ab-838b-e821f54e2978 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 8df8a84d-3c57-4545-be0f-c72cc41f8351 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 61ec3281-d12d-4187-9f09-7ffd717c7a11 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation efb6567f-6634-4444-b79f-479db32994e2 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation a593811a-5d69-47de-8fbf-ecdc2bfb47df · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation ec4363ee-56e6-44c3-b0ee-40de32549361 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? 2-90b-vision-instruct (VI denotes Vision Instruct
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 15e58994-0dd0-4ed2-8fe9-56d60c6045d4 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 2d134ec2-698a-4b3c-b45e-63c8f7a9c68d · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 3878d2fc-6c05-4520-aef6-5c98300b80cd · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 127c9371-e785-4028-8b0b-1519c08c4863 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation c1afb2ce-0061-4826-9cb9-6905cd147f83 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? I want to place the blue object inside the brown box, are there any constraints that prevent me from doing so or is it possible?
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 4408eb32-932b-465a-833e-03fb55960033 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation bb726173-a13f-4c0f-bc54-fdf1b0e66c92 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? "" Light: Featherweight, Lightweight Medium: Moderate, Balanced Heavy: Bulky, Dense Dynamic: Fluctuating, Variable
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation e83af3cd-0394-4f09-bd83-3c0bc251e106 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 3ea75d7a-e8c3-41b7-aa15-de26dec18b69 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 69be5e65-b5d4-4963-a506-e108f5a14cb7 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation aa033bdb-8845-42ce-bed8-5cd5156b516f · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 802ccf27-4943-4eda-8988-fe6384552503 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 9d3d508d-5369-463a-b438-d1da6eb083d5 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation daad2587-1823-43cf-9c6b-be2e7c19d9d8 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 7f438efa-c4db-4ed3-9096-49eb2c949d34 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 8146d6cb-b662-4d76-b1fd-7fda52e51dc9 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation 0b0c7b7e-920e-4685-8de8-55e649d8e912 · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? Unresolved cited work
Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
Observation fe08f2fa-f4f7-401b-b2e8-96a19bea98dd · outbound
PAC Bench: Do Foundation Models Understand Prerequisites for Executing Manipulation Policies? (T)" or
Reference 67
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.