Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 38 of 38 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.09027.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.09027 v1

Coverage vector

measured 38 of 38 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.664966Z

measured 38 of 38 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

38 of 38 outbound references displayed

verified exact5
verified fuzzy0
unresolved32
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 0b1c3d08-4896-466c-aa7c-41a89417b3d2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.317708Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a744528a-2dfb-40cb-b3cb-b56782594225 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.099465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation e9bb716a-4c80-47b6-ac06-5a3317d8ffdf · outbound

This paper cites A Public Dataset Tracking Social Media Discourse about the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election on Twitter/X.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach A Public Dataset Tracking Social Media Discourse about the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election on Twitter/X

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.521018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 39390aeb-2494-4681-98a3-a1e5afe3c866 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.307098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation d15ea5c7-4e45-4a79-bfb3-7617dd7312ca · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.295833Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 84cde48f-1f6d-4e75-8483-e1ae6fcd3635 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.284688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 29ef3267-5607-4e3b-9e57-c2cdf10b9216 · outbound

This paper cites Socio-Linguistic Characteristics of Coordinated Inauthentic Accounts.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Socio-Linguistic Characteristics of Coordinated Inauthentic Accounts

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.000141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ac4b28ad-512a-4ee6-b735-7001bebdc317 · outbound

This paper cites Exposing Cross-Platform Coordinated Inauthentic Activity in the Run-Up to the 2024 U.S. Election.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Exposing Cross-Platform Coordinated Inauthentic Activity in the Run-Up to the 2024 U.S. Election

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.983842Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 85507076-1ac5-4bcc-b4aa-37604571d49a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.275079Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4567e7c4-f835-498b-8002-3b784d315e50 · outbound

This paper cites Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Bias and Fairness in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.551463Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4aa856e4-7618-4603-802d-13669295e288 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.264939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 64595b9d-bcd9-4ca5-8c8f-89e725a4b090 · outbound

This paper cites BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedure.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedure

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.559293Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4589577c-8a06-4de1-a23a-9c3cd1b13e60 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.254111Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 43a1e7a3-e172-49a5-92d1-0a06e1f45e60 · outbound

This paper cites Coordinated through aWeb of Images: Analysis of Image-based Influence Operations from China, Iran, Russia, and Venezuela.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Coordinated through aWeb of Images: Analysis of Image-based Influence Operations from China, Iran, Russia, and Venezuela

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.567151Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4240e4f7-f70d-40e7-8398-d6ac24d2e75a · outbound

This paper cites Jacobs and Kathleen M.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Jacobs and Kathleen M

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.716738Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 42ca9115-a7a8-4cf9-a499-7e8f2f6bee54 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.243258Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a72a7de3-40bc-4383-83ff-c1165c918820 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.228179Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 20222cf6-8cbb-452f-809a-9e49e0c65dff · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.214637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ae89dba8-630f-47d0-abf2-76578293e3a7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.203393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a4312bdc-5fce-4e33-a701-69d8d1d329cf · outbound

This paper cites Unmasking the Web of Deceit: Uncovering Coordinated Activity to Expose Information Operations on Twitter.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unmasking the Web of Deceit: Uncovering Coordinated Activity to Expose Information Operations on Twitter

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.935494Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 1e6b0882-27b0-4894-bd8a-abb114da3635 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.597074Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 27308ceb-9030-4094-bbef-a1da36521aa3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.191907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 18b9638a-1cd4-4187-94ee-b6bd4130c784 · outbound

This paper cites Uncovering Coordinated Cross-Platform Information Operations Threatening the Integrity of the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election Online Discussion.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Uncovering Coordinated Cross-Platform Information Operations Threatening the Integrity of the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election Online Discussion

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.603668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ecea6322-044e-4379-ad3e-b982bb87fb06 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.607653Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a6bc2000-132b-4860-8f75-19a65eb7d0c6 · outbound

This paper cites Uncovering Coordinated Networks on Social Media: Methods and Case Studies.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Uncovering Coordinated Networks on Social Media: Methods and Case Studies

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.611680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c7ced5ab-4a20-498a-b538-94222c665361 · outbound

This paper cites Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.615584Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7840a9c0-503a-4c05-acfa-ee92ee103f66 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.180958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation f32ea12a-345b-4649-ab45-de7ad7c8ebab · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.623023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad327700-c1c5-47ef-8bdb-9cf6e232a6fd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.626854Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0eab36b8-625e-4b71-bbe0-fa3ff998f130 · outbound

This paper cites Unfiltered Conversations: A Dataset of 2024 U.S. Presidential Election Discourse on Truth Social.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unfiltered Conversations: A Dataset of 2024 U.S. Presidential Election Discourse on Truth Social

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.630782Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 27923bae-fba6-46cf-9606-ed55ddbc5630 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.170292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation e0b925d7-e929-45da-89ff-765742f2ca89 · outbound

This paper cites Tracking Fringe and Coordinated Activity on Twitter Leading Up To the US Capitol Attack.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Tracking Fringe and Coordinated Activity on Twitter Leading Up To the US Capitol Attack

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.736831Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 482d7273-72e2-46f4-9b6d-5a7195501281 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.158642Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ab075888-3e7e-4db2-82e0-92ed54007120 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.147097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 34d767c6-6efe-4822-a638-6f2ee6846be1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.136089Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2c97be41-4e90-42ee-b297-0871fff5b240 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:39.123529Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation dc855f32-c8c5-4e89-8d16-b85a13f7f296 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.660593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8a75dd91-0ce1-4416-bce9-bdf7dd91d84f · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Unveiling Behavioral Differences in Bilingual Information Operations: A Network-Based Approach write newline

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T21:31:38.664966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.