Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models

As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2607.07251.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2607.07251 v1

Coverage vector

measured 43 of 43 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-09T16:18:15.917659Z

measured 43 of 43 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

43 of 43 outbound references displayed

verified exact8
verified fuzzy24
unresolved9
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch2

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation cae78adc-fba5-4ad7-b1a4-3e5dad5a2bde · outbound

This paper cites Nature human behaviour , volume=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Nature human behaviour , volume=

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.136739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 6ca7e4b0-812c-4a0e-803e-fe68ea757c3f · outbound

This paper cites Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE , number=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE , number=

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.133430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 51e3b5a7-3103-424e-983a-42034b900c45 · outbound

This paper cites Blender Foundation, Blender Institute , year=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Blender Foundation, Blender Institute , year=

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.131669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 90511be5-93bc-4d20-968b-ec76417b51c8 · outbound

This paper cites ArXiv , year=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models ArXiv , year=

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.155786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 04626c3e-598e-44c0-a81b-ce27c46112dc · outbound

This paper cites The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations , year=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models The Thirteenth International Conference on Learning Representations , year=

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.129954Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 47a5c0ae-781d-4b37-8791-32421b923d94 · outbound

This paper cites and Manning, Christopher D.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models and Manning, Christopher D

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.167568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a8e11ad4-ddb7-482b-9dbe-c76eb931cf1d · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , eprint=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models 2025 , eprint=

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.128260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a12596cb-302b-4779-a612-2e18859f4ed1 · outbound

This paper cites [The Sanseido Dictionary of Linguistics] Meikai gengogaku jiten.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models [The Sanseido Dictionary of Linguistics] Meikai gengogaku jiten

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.124753Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 3e4afb53-6cae-4037-9bee-5635e6fd8531 · outbound

This paper cites Advances in neural information processing systems , volume=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Advances in neural information processing systems , volume=

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.126518Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f0830bc1-3d4c-41bb-bc2a-8a1a9ec42477 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision , pages=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF international conference on computer vision , pages=

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.121226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 13a028e0-aacd-4d34-a505-9ca9d23f0657 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) , year=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models 2025 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) , year=

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.122987Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 5b40b7dc-699a-4e3e-b4dc-15924cae7a37 · outbound

This paper cites arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.12451 , year=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.12451 , year=

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-09T16:26:20.770930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f727f124-a121-4525-a2b9-499e920bb119 · outbound

This paper cites ArXiv , year=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models ArXiv , year=

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.141972Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b77e6b0b-35f8-425e-9898-90e98f3ae45a · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , eprint=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models 2025 , eprint=

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.135069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 1fb5a71e-b754-4290-a05e-56561957bd46 · outbound

This paper cites ArXiv , year=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models ArXiv , year=

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.139956Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a41aea0a-1e43-41f9-b3dd-bb1628f27082 · outbound

This paper cites Demonstratives : form, function, and grammaticalization.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Demonstratives : form, function, and grammaticalization

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.176723Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 58c86d4e-4623-4102-812e-2e7e1bf019b1 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , eprint=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models 2025 , eprint=

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.163972Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 6a4acf70-b393-48b2-b4fa-639f3718d753 · outbound

This paper cites and Han, Rilyn and Fei-Fei, Li and Xie, Saining , booktitle=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models and Han, Rilyn and Fei-Fei, Li and Xie, Saining , booktitle=

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.165787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 337e8323-02da-4f4a-a43c-a58298fb1a8f · outbound

This paper cites Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics , volume=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics , volume=

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.169472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 123b81db-3e52-4f1b-9136-dc38c677f673 · outbound

This paper cites European conference on computer vision , pages=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models European conference on computer vision , pages=

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.173023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 62e666bb-ce35-4c33-ab03-a75d6ab6a96c · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , eprint=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models 2025 , eprint=

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.171206Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 4ddce784-49d1-4033-a6f3-fd9c935e0f10 · outbound

This paper cites Natural Multimodal Fusion-Based Human–Robot Interaction: Application With Voice and Deictic Posture via Large Language Model , year=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Natural Multimodal Fusion-Based Human–Robot Interaction: Application With Voice and Deictic Posture via Large Language Model , year=

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.174880Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e4a5a4fd-627c-4291-be52-eab294dd77a8 · outbound

This paper cites , journal=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models , journal=

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.162249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 61945827-f486-4c18-8c94-64199682a7d0 · outbound

This paper cites 1997 , publisher=.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models 1997 , publisher=

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.178433Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b4e8ef3c-d6c8-44c9-8341-0358da149702 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen3-VL Technical Report.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Qwen3-VL Technical Report

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-09T16:26:20.763437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 5e6a5c87-f369-4bc1-96a2-5db2a4f9eb3d · outbound

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Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.154066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation ef1d7626-c61d-4a19-a9c6-a9402a8f6d32 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.157561Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 8cf3e8c8-59fb-48f2-ad11-331105886759 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.148878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 77e0b8b9-528a-43b6-8427-6a754174b3b5 · outbound

This paper cites Fillmore.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Fillmore

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.138368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 251d9634-0937-478d-b66d-39eb95032d30 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.145424Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 90c3f0fb-1e0f-4c01-bea4-ec7e167a3045 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.147123Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation ebd3e880-1b2e-4882-9075-cdc0bb8e0cdb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-09T16:26:20.766718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 7945f504-9ede-4e22-a837-83639ec23a06 · outbound

This paper cites Practices and strategies in responsive thematic map design: A report from design workshops with experts.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Practices and strategies in responsive thematic map design: A report from design workshops with experts

Reference 33

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-09T16:26:20.684687Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 400f398f-56c9-4e8a-b2d4-a96bd4f7b03c · outbound

This paper cites Vision language models are unreliable at trivial spatial cognition.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Vision language models are unreliable at trivial spatial cognition

Reference 34

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-07-09T16:26:20.757332Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e46aa092-c356-455c-9c56-d1c0416e5be8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-09T16:26:20.687586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 4cc675a4-ba0e-4025-a96e-90feb356cedd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.150484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f6d79e8f-3f9f-45ca-8984-62429afd2eaf · outbound

This paper cites Spatial reasoning in multimodal large language models: A survey of tasks, benchmarks and methods.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Spatial reasoning in multimodal large language models: A survey of tasks, benchmarks and methods

Reference 37

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-09T16:26:20.751258Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 901a164a-95e2-448d-b9e2-3f56bbb90987 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.152177Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f33f644b-b768-4e48-bf4d-87ac63b2244d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.143724Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f85cf7ea-fdd0-403c-aef3-9c6a33ad3a65 · outbound

This paper cites PUB : A Pragmatics Understanding Benchmark for Assessing LLM s' Pragmatics Capabilities.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models PUB : A Pragmatics Understanding Benchmark for Assessing LLM s' Pragmatics Capabilities

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-09T16:26:20.691960Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 280bccf7-1bde-4cf1-b6ee-9de9b98a134c · outbound

This paper cites Freeman, Frédo Durand, Eli Shechtman, and Xun Huang.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Freeman, Frédo Durand, Eli Shechtman, and Xun Huang

Reference 41

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-09T16:26:20.681512Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation bd6d801b-ea2f-4a8d-ac13-bb51682e3e64 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-07-09T16:26:20.689819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 4a8edee4-6626-4e2f-8e38-7727d61075c9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluation of Multilingual Ability to Use Spatial Deictic Expressions in Vision-Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-07-09T16:36:22.159432Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.