Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 18 of 18 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.06780.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1908.06780 v1

Coverage vector

measured 18 of 18 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.104238Z

measured 18 of 18 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

18 of 18 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy2
unresolved14
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation c26065a2-7ecc-47e3-bfa6-3a03de53dfd4 · outbound

This paper cites URL: " 'urlintro :=.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints URL: " 'urlintro :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:53.942479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4b147cce-1890-46a2-ad9b-df04c07b9396 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:53.956088Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 026b9e71-bf7e-453f-843d-4f0796e79492 · outbound

This paper cites Bruce Croft.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Bruce Croft

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.694329Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 82a9f6bd-16e6-4720-8872-fb6a95bdd3a0 · outbound

This paper cites Bruce Croft.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Bruce Croft

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.654881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation ad9b388c-846d-46f6-8cee-a2283ba5f7f4 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:53.978663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5635b7ac-b989-45ff-b8c3-7c364ed434a0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.631837Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation f6ca0787-78b0-40f9-9976-df3aaa9098c0 · outbound

This paper cites Deep metric learning using Triplet network.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Deep metric learning using Triplet network

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.448747Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b3c1c1f6-2db5-4e88-a66d-c467b44388ce · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.613767Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4bbe16c5-3bfc-4701-838e-0ea8a72500b6 · outbound

This paper cites Multi-Task Deep Neural Networks for Natural Language Understanding.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Multi-Task Deep Neural Networks for Natural Language Understanding

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.016287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 276d7a0b-b552-473e-871a-b2635efc8083 · outbound

This paper cites An Updated Duet Model for Passage Re-ranking.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints An Updated Duet Model for Passage Re-ranking

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.031540Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e08fc48a-bc61-4b25-a4ec-f0302a13f55f · outbound

This paper cites Passage Re-ranking with BERT.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Passage Re-ranking with BERT

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.038013Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e9ff9de6-829c-48b7-9069-214ffafec2de · outbound

This paper cites Investigating the Successes and Failures of BERT for Passage Re-Ranking.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Investigating the Successes and Failures of BERT for Passage Re-Ranking

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.048228Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d2dbef9a-50cf-4969-9d5b-9f2ab012babf · outbound

This paper cites Understanding the Behaviors of BERT in Ranking.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Understanding the Behaviors of BERT in Ranking

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.063370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ee78ee69-ff33-4087-bc9b-6f88f41793a2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.578966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 418bb51b-a64c-401a-b6a6-089be5d56529 · outbound

This paper cites LSTM-based Deep Learning Models for Non-factoid Answer Selection.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints LSTM-based Deep Learning Models for Non-factoid Answer Selection

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.230175Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 231814b8-5cea-4516-b9ba-4c7e267d35c3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.538250Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 5d46329f-b95a-4cdf-bbe2-95d5473dddd4 · outbound

This paper cites End-to-End Open-Domain Question Answering with BERTserini.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints End-to-End Open-Domain Question Answering with BERTserini

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.094300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0db2c353-cd0c-447f-ac80-9d987db69241 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A Study of BERT for Non-Factoid Question-Answering under Passage Length Constraints Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:37:54.496001Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.