Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2507.01413.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.01413 v1

Coverage vector

measured 40 of 40 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:42.620188Z

measured 41 of 41 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-29T17:01:22.732390Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-29T17:03:40.781837Z

Reference resolution

40 of 40 outbound references displayed

verified exact8
verified fuzzy16
unresolved15
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 9616cf6e-0440-40ba-928e-bcbd7a55c06f · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions write newline

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:39.394895Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0e3b7215-b3af-45aa-9288-97e091863ba7 · outbound

This paper cites Claude 3.7 sonnet and claude code, February 2025.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Claude 3.7 sonnet and claude code, February 2025

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:48.356668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 24cfd4be-6c33-4a4f-8f04-d8db21df5ed5 · outbound

This paper cites Adaptive algorithms and collusion via coupling.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Adaptive algorithms and collusion via coupling

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:48.199430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 30f2565f-2dbe-401e-adbc-0d15ed0a7c2f · outbound

This paper cites Potential and Perils of Large Language Models as Judges of Unstructured Textual Data.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Potential and Perils of Large Language Models as Judges of Unstructured Textual Data

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:44.279798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 7fbf156f-4a9d-490b-9be2-659d303e26d9 · outbound

This paper cites High-frequency trading and price discovery.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions High-frequency trading and price discovery

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:48.058982Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation f7d940cd-9c47-4ec5-9b9d-7fc6ab48b7b5 · outbound

This paper cites The nature of collusion facilitating and collusion breaking power of simultaneous ascending price and descending price auctions.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions The nature of collusion facilitating and collusion breaking power of simultaneous ascending price and descending price auctions

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:44.071860Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 18b37a23-0933-401a-8ad2-3e8405044e88 · outbound

This paper cites Artificial intelligence, algorithmic pricing, and collusion.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Artificial intelligence, algorithmic pricing, and collusion

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:39.999404Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af6f5801-8a86-4017-92b3-fd273150a924 · outbound

This paper cites Fast K rippendorff: Fast computation of K rippendorff's alpha agreement measure.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Fast K rippendorff: Fast computation of K rippendorff's alpha agreement measure

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:47.923273Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 0342c62d-52fa-4033-b835-aaf29037722b · outbound

This paper cites An empirical analysis of algorithmic pricing on amazon marketplace.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions An empirical analysis of algorithmic pricing on amazon marketplace

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:47.729510Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation acb50df3-f85a-4432-a5cc-36de361287c2 · outbound

This paper cites and Bruten, J.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions and Bruten, J

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:47.557370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 0422314e-8878-4358-ac59-831ed139caee · outbound

This paper cites Algorithmic collusion detection.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Algorithmic collusion detection

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:47.390809Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation e3989494-ac1d-45fd-98af-170114fd092a · outbound

This paper cites W., Goldstein, I., and Ji, Y.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions W., Goldstein, I., and Ji, Y

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:47.215047Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 6651b710-7c68-4277-8d7c-190a8254875f · outbound

This paper cites Detecting collusion in procurement auctions.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Detecting collusion in procurement auctions

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:43.815325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation ef106260-4ac6-4bd1-9a01-14ede66deac9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:43.092930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 478a9d2e-45ed-4909-90c5-8743689cbac8 · outbound

This paper cites A., and Shorrer, R.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions A., and Shorrer, R

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:40.683623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f207f82b-db61-4b48-b241-97f087f95919 · outbound

This paper cites Multi-Agent Risks from Advanced AI.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Multi-Agent Risks from Advanced AI

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:40.843967Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56142d73-4513-4c56-8ae8-bdd7e1c45878 · outbound

This paper cites Auctions: Theory and practice.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Auctions: Theory and practice

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:47.071968Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 56ae283e-9061-4afa-9e65-c32802015b3f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:46.771809Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 8ec77234-7eb4-4fe7-8891-ee35cdfeee94 · outbound

This paper cites Systemic failures and organizational risk management in algorithmic trading: Normal accidents in finance.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Systemic failures and organizational risk management in algorithmic trading: Normal accidents in finance

Reference 20

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:43.585419Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 5e0fe448-67e3-423b-a83d-cf56ea102f48 · outbound

This paper cites AI-AI Bias: large language models favor communications generated by large language models.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions AI-AI Bias: large language models favor communications generated by large language models

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:43.419672Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 097f252c-6310-4e3e-b7c9-0469b5a7614c · outbound

This paper cites Y., Ojha, S., Cai, K., and Chen, M.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Y., Ojha, S., Cai, K., and Chen, M

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:46.467517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation ad3cfe84-34b7-4394-89c7-9e1e110c05ad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:46.160124Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 4a8756d8-2822-4598-956e-76621aeb8dc2 · outbound

This paper cites S., Cope, D., and Schoots, N.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions S., Cope, D., and Schoots, N

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:41.324423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation db41defd-994c-4d66-b712-858b2dc72b50 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:42.968043Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b8b09066-d3d7-4c4f-b316-fa09c6b9c879 · outbound

This paper cites Thanks coefficient alpha, we'll take it from here.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Thanks coefficient alpha, we'll take it from here

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:45.883770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 42fbe8de-0c68-48f6-bab3-c51342136dbf · outbound

This paper cites and Nguyen, L.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions and Nguyen, L

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:42.856734Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation eb6febe5-3cc4-4dc0-9fd3-c888943a7867 · outbound

This paper cites Secret Collusion among AI Agents: Multi-Agent Deception via Steganography.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Secret Collusion among AI Agents: Multi-Agent Deception via Steganography

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:41.667146Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4d50e50a-d1ff-4561-996a-f02a17151f7f · outbound

This paper cites Introducing gpt-4.1 in the api, April 2025.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Introducing gpt-4.1 in the api, April 2025

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:45.616178Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a14b3870-6674-4ae9-bbd0-3c95a9225e71 · outbound

This paper cites LLM Evaluators Recognize and Favor Their Own Generations.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions LLM Evaluators Recognize and Favor Their Own Generations

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:41.793378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8c59b02c-8ea6-4a9a-a24f-a2b7eac80270 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:42.767763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 064162af-e87b-4d01-bbd9-b09bacdcb69f · outbound

This paper cites The mask benchmark: Disentangling honesty from accuracy in ai systems, 2025.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions The mask benchmark: Disentangling honesty from accuracy in ai systems, 2025

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:41.936962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 153780e5-c91b-40b6-b0eb-ced2a4c85ef3 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models can Strategically Deceive their Users when Put Under Pressure.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Large Language Models can Strategically Deceive their Users when Put Under Pressure

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:42.045271Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b8e74b6d-86db-4d08-9cb1-2e0f4bf3d667 · outbound

This paper cites and Wood-Doughty, Z.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions and Wood-Doughty, Z

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:45.357826Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation dd02fa90-78c1-4272-95ba-9a25aecffc48 · outbound

This paper cites Performance Portable Monte Carlo Particle Transport on Intel, NVIDIA, and AMD GPUs.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Performance Portable Monte Carlo Particle Transport on Intel, NVIDIA, and AMD GPUs

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:42.171115Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 65b8d7fa-94da-4a15-bcf1-17f2e4e41e66 · outbound

This paper cites Judging the Judges: Evaluating Alignment and Vulnerabilities in LLMs-as-Judges.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Judging the Judges: Evaluating Alignment and Vulnerabilities in LLMs-as-Judges

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:42.258308Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c22ee018-827c-4c01-94b6-d88bc18c915a · outbound

This paper cites The structure and behaviour of the Continuous Double Auction.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions The structure and behaviour of the Continuous Double Auction

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:45.083920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation d9be78e2-c60d-4777-9610-2127e2819b2b · outbound

This paper cites I., Onizuka, M., Tang, S., and Xiao, C.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions I., Onizuka, M., Tang, S., and Xiao, C

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:42.443725Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4abf00ce-8520-4104-89e0-460594eeca8c · outbound

This paper cites An Empirical Study of LLM-as-a-Judge: How Design Choices Impact Evaluation Reliability.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions An Empirical Study of LLM-as-a-Judge: How Design Choices Impact Evaluation Reliability

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:42.489401Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f1d18d87-1747-412e-b781-c5664fd27d19 · outbound

This paper cites Webshop: Towards scalable real-world web interaction with grounded language agents.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Webshop: Towards scalable real-world web interaction with grounded language agents

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:44.809757Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 2816433c-50cd-4067-94a1-bae35fdc2878 · outbound

This paper cites Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena.

Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions Judging llm-as-a-judge with mt-bench and chatbot arena

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T20:57:44.464095Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 8a611cff-f212-46c9-b92f-160f71082b57 · inbound

Voluntary Collusion with Secret Tools in Competing LLM Agents cites this paper.

Voluntary Collusion with Secret Tools in Competing LLM Agents Evaluating LLM Agent Collusion in Double Auctions

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T17:03:40.783671Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.