Pedestrian crash causation analysis near bus stops: Insights from random parameters Negative Binomial-Lindley model

Pedestrian safety remains a pressing concern near bus stops along urban transit, where frequent pedestrian-vehicle interactions occur. While prior research has primarily focused on intersections and midblock locations, bus stops have often been treated as secondary contributors rather than as distinct sites requiring targeted safety assessments. This has left a critical gap in understanding how traffic exposure, roadway characteristics, and bus stop design features specifically influence pedestrian crash risks around bus stop locations. To address these gaps, this study develops a comprehensive framework focused on pedestrian safety in the vicinity of bus stops. The proposed approach employs a Random Parameters Negative Binomial-Lindley (RPNB-L) model to account for unobserved heterogeneity and site-specific variability.