Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.359957Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy?
As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 23 of 23 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.10008.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T18:45:38.653042Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-12T09:11:27.234709Z
Reference resolution
23 of 23 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy15
- unresolved6
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier2
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 8d509cf1-7d22-4f8b-9b20-3e4d5bd7135b · outbound
This paper cites Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? Language Models are Few-Shot Learners
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.271904Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0d91a6d4-85a8-4ee7-b7b0-b729babf94f0 · outbound
This paper cites This setting aligns with a contemporaneous regression framework.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? This setting aligns with a contemporaneous regression framework
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.468605Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation b8e0fd20-a715-495b-988e-b47c95d28843 · outbound
This paper cites It answers whether the input news meansGOING UPfor the stock market; PC1–PC5 are the first five principal components of the 14 economic variables proposed by Welch and Goyal (2008).
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? It answers whether the input news meansGOING UPfor the stock market; PC1–PC5 are the first five principal components of the 14 economic variables proposed by Welch and Goyal (2008)
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.457651Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation e3efcfb6-aae7-4d0c-8e03-1055d3bdd8b7 · outbound
This paper cites 𝑁𝑅𝐺 isthemonthlyproportionofgoodnewsidentifiedbyChatGPT-3.5.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? 𝑁𝑅𝐺 isthemonthlyproportionofgoodnewsidentifiedbyChatGPT-3.5
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.445907Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation c2fd7bf4-499a-46d1-8934-e652b0625a8f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? Unresolved cited work
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.684997Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation a66274f5-970f-4eb9-a56a-ff73975fd8dd · outbound
This paper cites This setting aligns with a contemporaneous regression framework.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? This setting aligns with a contemporaneous regression framework
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.674128Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 4d4d543b-d8f8-4fb5-8100-c23dc736e2cb · outbound
This paper cites This setting aligns with a contemporaneous regression framework.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? This setting aligns with a contemporaneous regression framework
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.662813Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 9136e325-0a97-4521-b395-600f39bdb56b · outbound
This paper cites This setting aligns with a contemporaneous regression framework.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? This setting aligns with a contemporaneous regression framework
Reference 8
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.638084Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 1fed325f-8c88-4adc-a68a-658fdfd36a11 · outbound
This paper cites 𝑁𝑅𝐺 (𝑁𝑅𝐵) is the monthly proportion of good (bad) news identified by ChatGPT-3.5.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? 𝑁𝑅𝐺 (𝑁𝑅𝐵) is the monthly proportion of good (bad) news identified by ChatGPT-3.5
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.600450Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 18db058e-6942-4e4e-9956-207cc16ed264 · outbound
This paper cites The stock market return forecasts are generated by the regression model based on news ratios (𝑁𝑅𝐵 or 𝑁𝑅𝐺).
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? The stock market return forecasts are generated by the regression model based on news ratios (𝑁𝑅𝐵 or 𝑁𝑅𝐺)
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.570240Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 31c2bf77-2009-4526-8a69-87384a159db0 · outbound
This paper cites 𝑁𝑅𝐾 repre- sents news ratios.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? 𝑁𝑅𝐾 repre- sents news ratios
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.558844Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 280553ed-4cc9-4fbd-9bb1-b48cd06b482a · outbound
This paper cites 𝑁𝑅𝐾 repre- sents news ratios.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? 𝑁𝑅𝐾 repre- sents news ratios
Reference 12
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.548684Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 3ddb41b0-d1ee-4e20-9688-d410e06edebf · outbound
This paper cites In each quarter, SPF provides the forecasts for current quarter (nowcasting) and subsequent four quarters.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? In each quarter, SPF provides the forecasts for current quarter (nowcasting) and subsequent four quarters
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.538020Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation cf4b332b-98a5-4264-8c93-a70722c44a88 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.526120Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 29badb98-9da9-4535-bea9-c64e34a9d869 · outbound
This paper cites 𝑁𝑅𝐺 isthemonthlyproportion of good news identified by ChatGPT-3.5.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? 𝑁𝑅𝐺 isthemonthlyproportion of good news identified by ChatGPT-3.5
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.515332Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 28207d90-3a54-4fb7-832a-d370340e2c0e · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.503189Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation d374e5b0-363d-4b69-bb51-9257a425a289 · outbound
This paper cites It answers whether the input news meansGOING UPor GOING Down for stock market.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? It answers whether the input news meansGOING UPor GOING Down for stock market
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.491931Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 27a6a3d6-5793-4a9f-99f8-82048ae5a96e · outbound
This paper cites This setting aligns with a contemporaneous regression framework.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? This setting aligns with a contemporaneous regression framework
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.480209Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 2e62b6a5-56d5-460e-8a9e-a94737a1c0a1 · outbound
This paper cites This setting aligns with a contemporaneous regression framework.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? This setting aligns with a contemporaneous regression framework
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.434544Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation ab251a9d-5c8c-4114-8430-f860c40d5acc · outbound
This paper cites 𝑁𝑅𝐾 represents news ratios.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? 𝑁𝑅𝐾 represents news ratios
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.422564Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 0ef1c11a-1218-4076-896e-63f015e501a3 · outbound
This paper cites Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.282602Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 339b26bf-a68a-43d7-a170-49ec92b625ee · outbound
This paper cites 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 54 Table 1: Summary Statistics ofWall Street Journal News This table reports the mean, standard deviation (Std.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 54 Table 1: Summary Statistics ofWall Street Journal News This table reports the mean, standard deviation (Std
Reference 2022
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.696032Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation a01ff254-2771-47b0-afa9-1edf84e504fc · outbound
This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.
ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy? DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
Reference 3557
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T19:46:46.277239Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Pith citing papers
Observation 81bf4946-5322-4301-b518-2a144b5a70e6 · inbound
Towards Reasoning Era: A Survey of Long Chain-of-Thought for Reasoning Large Language Models cites this paper.
Towards Reasoning Era: A Survey of Long Chain-of-Thought for Reasoning Large Language Models ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy?
Reference 82
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T08:40:41.801917Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.
Observation 66f22f25-0863-4460-9ca3-e2f63a36b3f6 · inbound
Electricity Market Predictability: Virtues of Machine Learning and Links to the Macroeconomy cites this paper.
Electricity Market Predictability: Virtues of Machine Learning and Links to the Macroeconomy ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy?
Reference 18
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:45:38.653042Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3ba717e5-6dc2-4b72-8856-0fa83ec4d220 · inbound
From Hypotheses to Factors: Constrained LLM Agents in Cryptocurrency Markets cites this paper.
From Hypotheses to Factors: Constrained LLM Agents in Cryptocurrency Markets ChatGPT and Deepseek: Can They Predict the Stock Market and Macroeconomy?
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-12T09:11:27.237291Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.