Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 47 of 47 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.11373.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.11373 v2

Coverage vector

measured 47 of 47 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.270261Z

measured 48 of 48 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-02T13:11:53.361408Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-02T13:16:58.186477Z

Reference resolution

47 of 47 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy28
unresolved17
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation e1053adb-1045-4dbc-a31d-8c41abcc6de6 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Large Language Models.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.051311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fddc3e02-0dd5-4f13-8059-5433409a8b32 · outbound

This paper cites Gpt for games: A scoping review (2020-2023),.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Gpt for games: A scoping review (2020-2023),

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.056864Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af584fee-f280-479d-80a1-6178b5e0780f · outbound

This paper cites Level generation through large language models,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Level generation through large language models,

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:40.167761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 3c72bc04-38ad-4691-a0f7-4c4a35c596c4 · outbound

This paper cites Langbirds: An agent for angry birds using a large language model,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Langbirds: An agent for angry birds using a large language model,

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:40.152805Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 522511b7-a741-47d7-a14b-91d7241ce5bd · outbound

This paper cites Playing NetHack with LLMs: Potential & Limitations as Zero-Shot Agents.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Playing NetHack with LLMs: Potential & Limitations as Zero-Shot Agents

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.072749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f14aad39-85a5-426c-b5eb-cf77cd390c4c · outbound

This paper cites The Go Transformer: Natural Language Modeling for Game Play.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models The Go Transformer: Natural Language Modeling for Game Play

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.631742Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 512caf11-b5d6-49b4-931b-f5aecb328430 · outbound

This paper cites Generative ai in mafia-like game simulation,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Generative ai in mafia-like game simulation,

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:40.138208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 106e53a6-eeec-4e37-a680-d4e50b2c2278 · outbound

This paper cites Language-driven play: Large language models as game-playing agents in slay the spire,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Language-driven play: Large language models as game-playing agents in slay the spire,

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:40.123563Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation fe3d006f-bf5b-41d4-a4ea-eb4c92a19531 · outbound

This paper cites GameBench: Evaluating Strategic Reasoning Abilities of LLM Agents.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models GameBench: Evaluating Strategic Reasoning Abilities of LLM Agents

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.102857Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5780f2a0-c1ad-4f0e-aeb1-95b8f1a95ceb · outbound

This paper cites A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play,

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:40.108499Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 958f0864-b30b-46df-81a4-5488638df476 · outbound

This paper cites Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge,

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:40.093948Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 46e42308-dc23-4486-be9d-abf06c1d10d7 · outbound

This paper cites TAG: Pandemic Competition,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models TAG: Pandemic Competition,

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:40.080150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a02c347d-d6ce-4ffe-a0dd-e43c48bf2977 · outbound

This paper cites Chv ´atil, Codenames.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Chv ´atil, Codenames

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:40.066129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a0e76b01-32d9-4fbc-a544-abf71eec9020 · outbound

This paper cites The codenames ai competition,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models The codenames ai competition,

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:40.051931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation e2c4dabd-82d5-4c9d-be51-7627e5fdcf9a · outbound

This paper cites Cooperation and Codenames: Understanding Natural Language Processing via Code- names,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Cooperation and Codenames: Understanding Natural Language Processing via Code- names,

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:40.036135Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 3cd71485-9486-4e8d-8da2-36a8843fef01 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Large Language Models in Theory of Mind Tasks.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Evaluating Large Language Models in Theory of Mind Tasks

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.135574Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 29feeb47-a770-45e3-9b1a-71fe8b55b244 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.140371Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a898356-201a-4632-8634-32b466472bd5 · outbound

This paper cites HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.145384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b93d489-5b7d-40f2-9c71-449c20c378d5 · outbound

This paper cites Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.150171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f077eae6-4009-4986-b626-899bc7d7a8e9 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Survey.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Towards Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.155107Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fa84398f-fb26-435b-a8aa-a1057377358d · outbound

This paper cites LLM as a Mastermind: A Survey of Strategic Reasoning with Large Language Models.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models LLM as a Mastermind: A Survey of Strategic Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.159692Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f6e0c79f-dd1f-409c-8eba-9e2633e7ea59 · outbound

This paper cites Tydi qa: A benchmark for information-seeking question answering in typologically diverse languages,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Tydi qa: A benchmark for information-seeking question answering in typologically diverse languages,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:40.021270Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 84a0128e-a2e0-4d33-b1e1-a7365a0a209a · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.167804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42ed6593-d7f7-46eb-a0bb-90e0f5832853 · outbound

This paper cites Neural Theory-of-Mind? On the Limits of Social Intelligence in Large LMs.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Neural Theory-of-Mind? On the Limits of Social Intelligence in Large LMs

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.172302Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 561e2d28-16b3-4733-b2b7-ae5cf74167e5 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Fail on Trivial Alterations to Theory-of-Mind Tasks,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Large Language Models Fail on Trivial Alterations to Theory-of-Mind Tasks,

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:40.006222Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 5076321f-b35e-4b8f-9ecb-1623980f845f · outbound

This paper cites Prompt Engineering ChatGPT for Co- denames,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Prompt Engineering ChatGPT for Co- denames,

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.990849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 1445d912-3197-467c-8697-a92b6264b4b0 · outbound

This paper cites Strategic Reasoning with Language Models.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Strategic Reasoning with Language Models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.186524Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e5414ba8-bc6b-4770-bf81-bef79fc690ab · outbound

This paper cites Human-AI Collaboration in Cooperative Games: A Study of Playing Codenames with an LLM Assistant,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Human-AI Collaboration in Cooperative Games: A Study of Playing Codenames with an LLM Assistant,

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.976103Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 818a5283-b747-4866-b203-b8079a4c805b · outbound

This paper cites LLMs achieve adult human performance on higher-order theory of mind tasks,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models LLMs achieve adult human performance on higher-order theory of mind tasks,

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.961158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 804c3586-7bb7-4d04-88ea-cf0bd26d0cf4 · outbound

This paper cites Word autobots: Using transformers for word association in the game codenames,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Word autobots: Using transformers for word association in the game codenames,

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.946218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 6cc3fe07-0614-46ac-afcb-4c5d7813cc24 · outbound

This paper cites Playing Codenames with Language Graphs and Word Embeddings,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Playing Codenames with Language Graphs and Word Embeddings,

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.931713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 3e9de337-dff8-42b5-b725-c7918b2aafd6 · outbound

This paper cites Adapting to teammates in a cooperative language game,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Adapting to teammates in a cooperative language game,

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.916655Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 279aa059-2e3c-4378-9d41-7da5308293e3 · outbound

This paper cites Noisy communication modeling for improved cooperation in codenames,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Noisy communication modeling for improved cooperation in codenames,

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.899931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 09c2e3b7-51e6-4632-bf22-2ab2f559585b · outbound

This paper cites ThinkSum: Probabilis- tic reasoning over sets using large language models,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models ThinkSum: Probabilis- tic reasoning over sets using large language models,

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.884924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 7260ea2c-a4c9-452e-8af2-d17cc01ccf4a · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners,

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.870893Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 1930016f-fccd-4c5a-b3ff-8443e1df8264 · outbound

This paper cites Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback,

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.857002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 7ffcb101-ed85-44d5-83b5-dc3d4b45f3c0 · outbound

This paper cites Unleashing the Emergent Cognitive Synergy in Large Language Models: A Task- Solving Agent through Multi-Persona Self-Collaboration,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Unleashing the Emergent Cognitive Synergy in Large Language Models: A Task- Solving Agent through Multi-Persona Self-Collaboration,

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.842119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation d1edced3-fcdd-4898-b7c7-b6051bd8cee2 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.236693Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7a47810d-927f-4ff0-bb75-89fb5f625ade · outbound

This paper cites GloVe: Global vectors for word representation,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models GloVe: Global vectors for word representation,

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.240994Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cd9f6a45-853d-4e21-a771-bdd9cd0eb6fd · outbound

This paper cites Concatenated power mean word embeddings as universal cross-lingual sentence representations,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Concatenated power mean word embeddings as universal cross-lingual sentence representations,

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.814965Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 6a2722be-1261-4bf6-87c7-ae39d0a705b8 · outbound

This paper cites Human-ai collaboration in cooperative games: A study of playing codenames with an llm assistant,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Human-ai collaboration in cooperative games: A study of playing codenames with an llm assistant,

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.250962Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a9f0da6b-4d2d-483b-9394-80690c54fd50 · outbound

This paper cites Semantic Priming Effects In Visual Word Recognition: A Selective Review Of Current Findings And Theories,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Semantic Priming Effects In Visual Word Recognition: A Selective Review Of Current Findings And Theories,

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.799558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 9f5d4445-7aba-46af-bbd3-3f0c3c8fee82 · outbound

This paper cites Prototypes Revisited,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Prototypes Revisited,

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.784433Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f6cdfe12-e54f-4743-88a0-24a5f8cae024 · outbound

This paper cites Context-independent and context-dependent informa- tion in concepts,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Context-independent and context-dependent informa- tion in concepts,

Reference 44

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.769921Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c46ee15c-2bcf-4864-ac5f-16a75f22cd1f · outbound

This paper cites Human Learning from Artificial Intel- ligence: Evidence from Human Go Players’ Decisions after AlphaGo,.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Human Learning from Artificial Intel- ligence: Evidence from Human Go Players’ Decisions after AlphaGo,

Reference 45

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.755098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 341c479d-6f9a-4f4a-aa8e-3fe80a6ca425 · outbound

This paper cites Generative AI in Mafia-like Game Simulation.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Generative AI in Mafia-like Game Simulation

Reference 2023

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.610750Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 6de52024-8aaf-4918-b232-a21e783e1faa · outbound

This paper cites Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/3649921.3650013.

Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models Available: https://doi.org/10.1145/3649921.3650013

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:04:39.098567Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 73901c8d-411a-4fc7-be78-0ef9fa024dac · inbound

"Don't Say It!": Constraints, Compliance, and Communication when Language Models Play Taboo cites this paper.

"Don't Say It!": Constraints, Compliance, and Communication when Language Models Play Taboo Codenames as a Benchmark for Large Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T13:16:58.188109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.