Pith. sign in

Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers

As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 126 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.03100.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.03100 v2

Coverage vector

measured 100 of 126 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.420412Z

measured 100 of 100 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

100 of 126 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact21
  • verified fuzzy0
  • unresolved72
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier7
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation e47fc8a6-3e77-44f4-bd87-de7a04d2317c · outbound

This paper cites Stellar dynamics and dark matter in Local Group dwarf galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Stellar dynamics and dark matter in Local Group dwarf galaxies

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.094161Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.094161Z digest=sha256:060d96810f4e4437edaae726b08ca99d650f902786146effa8a03e066a9a3c33

Observation 2d5168e2-33e3-4baa-94fa-71d830c7346e · outbound

This paper cites New Local Volume Dwarf Galaxy Candidates from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers New Local Volume Dwarf Galaxy Candidates from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.098546Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.098546Z digest=sha256:379b14a4447caee2227d76d92869886d17a3d833f5285b611c69a8355c24396e

Observation c9e62d3c-a4a7-4147-8993-1017415e7cb5 · outbound

This paper cites The Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites (ELVES) Survey: A Nearly Volume-limited Sample of Nearby Dwarf Satellite Systems.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites (ELVES) Survey: A Nearly Volume-limited Sample of Nearby Dwarf Satellite Systems

Reference 3

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.102707Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.102707Z digest=sha256:2f1f43e35231de4de6da799a8a0e9d139f362cffe86358ab0cce1c9330e14889

Observation 6ad369da-6101-4b2d-9374-dd9123b7fe02 · outbound

This paper cites Updated Nearby Galaxy Catalog.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Updated Nearby Galaxy Catalog

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.106577Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.106577Z digest=sha256:18b8304f43a0fe58ac64c35d410b3879b387c5ded273139975935c035ae26a0b

Observation e10e2c03-d181-48e1-9d56-6a6423bfc5fe · outbound

This paper cites Compact Elliptical.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Compact Elliptical

Reference 5

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.109994Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.109994Z digest=sha256:e2a359098134499619e2987d30cc7fbbc26ca9c1629b358d1397048cdd53e405

Observation 3270573e-f1ac-48af-898b-944b159765c6 · outbound

This paper cites Kinematics and stellar populations of the dwarf elliptical galaxy IC 3653.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Kinematics and stellar populations of the dwarf elliptical galaxy IC 3653

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.113349Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.113349Z digest=sha256:4b875840896ad2c4d21b0161ae1d698166564053dfe2f3bcd302cadb79d403cd

Observation 12ff6fde-c0e6-41d7-99f8-a8da6e3f3328 · outbound

This paper cites The Observed Properties of Dwarf Galaxies in and around the Local Group.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The Observed Properties of Dwarf Galaxies in and around the Local Group

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.116985Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.116985Z digest=sha256:4906e07252ffcc591bbf3310ce05273c91c1fbba41f0515b95eb184fd50e184b

Observation 42818e7c-44ff-4b87-81f9-083ea504e254 · outbound

This paper cites The Interstellar Medium of Dwarf Galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The Interstellar Medium of Dwarf Galaxies

Reference 8

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.120331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.120331Z digest=sha256:a22ae8bae11b2d14cd91937148606973c4e2ca0f6e2b1ea3b20fae5d2dba4494

Observation 40aadf9f-e0bf-4810-a638-b8d4095ea961 · outbound

This paper cites KDG 64: a large dwarf spheroidal or a small ultradiffuse satellite of Messier 81.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers KDG 64: a large dwarf spheroidal or a small ultradiffuse satellite of Messier 81

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.123354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.123354Z digest=sha256:1129cda0abc1fd40fc01d62846ede5e18ce26f50549690565ff0ac3cc02a2614

Observation a56c1c40-7115-4b2d-a8e2-e1e6df954421 · outbound

This paper cites Spatial segregation impact on star formation in nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Spatial segregation impact on star formation in nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.126386Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.126386Z digest=sha256:279e44b26de3ab3627cef8b915008ec423a287015b1a3710e2417b4403635045

Observation 5b85e3b0-8604-4a53-9bad-5102f0788cc7 · outbound

This paper cites A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy? The Astrophysical Journal 2001, 557, L39–L42.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A New Formation Model for M32: A Threshed Early-Type Spiral Galaxy? The Astrophysical Journal 2001, 557, L39–L42

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.129483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.129483Z digest=sha256:984d5b28f71a129590edba03f7b37a821934fd91a7354d0f67977911a9769f67

Observation c03d9ee4-2070-43e8-a430-eaee4435cdfd · outbound

This paper cites The formation pathways of compact elliptical galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The formation pathways of compact elliptical galaxies

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.132577Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.132577Z digest=sha256:b27923833c16c793035fa08d5e364d51f44105a9ad13b04f7370c46e1edc8947

Observation 65e72bc7-b2f9-4739-bf54-1021f36e9348 · outbound

This paper cites A Population of Compact Elliptical Galaxies Detected with the Virtual Observatory.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A Population of Compact Elliptical Galaxies Detected with the Virtual Observatory

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.135583Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.135583Z digest=sha256:9920950ef9379416494fed67ee739d1ba7a52f21e43245d761bffa4c2cfbb008

Observation 630f5272-2941-44b7-b703-e61721c9ba53 · outbound

This paper cites The Undiscovered Ultradiffuse Galaxies of the Local Group.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The Undiscovered Ultradiffuse Galaxies of the Local Group

Reference 14

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:53:42.175983Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.138691Z digest=sha256:02637acbbb28721d87f70f6413e29135d016b16b31ffe63fada526216b4ab3c0

Observation 1e35c251-130f-4082-bd29-f60bcc874f4a · outbound

This paper cites SDSS J150634.27+013331.6: the second compact elliptical galaxy in the NGC 5846 group.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers SDSS J150634.27+013331.6: the second compact elliptical galaxy in the NGC 5846 group

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.142276Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.142276Z digest=sha256:d582bb4ad3f644c08a2482d47493677ff7ffe73a18bff33298875727c7f93968

Observation 53c40940-a5dd-4e52-b931-b53855fd448a · outbound

This paper cites The HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey – V.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey – V

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.145222Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.145222Z digest=sha256:68ae56b7c8d4ba30fb11f4f13e2f7989a91ed3eb088fc0a75f9c8ff4f95a0228

Observation 15febebb-b91d-4acd-9d44-f48cfd0bfc8b · outbound

This paper cites Isolated compact elliptical galaxies: Stellar systems that ran away.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Isolated compact elliptical galaxies: Stellar systems that ran away

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.148128Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.148128Z digest=sha256:521805c06fbb78a823e83aa90bf046ad8781267efba6dadfa53bdf681932a3d7

Observation dc448798-4ad1-4aee-b845-833b3dc2e558 · outbound

This paper cites Internal Properties of Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Internal Properties of Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster

Reference 18

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:53:42.060378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.151105Z digest=sha256:84922fe16e92bd47968a680617f016f094ec26ab1fa8aa3659b8c8e2a84ddfe9

Observation f6f61016-0e6e-491c-b0a4-f7452b6af950 · outbound

This paper cites Galaxy threshing and the origin of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Galaxy threshing and the origin of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.154273Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.154273Z digest=sha256:0009b822b094a62dfaddca682c9f30d2a79fe598fcc332c5fec2b49bbd37c1f0

Observation a11c8e24-e032-4881-984f-30c1e4859a9c · outbound

This paper cites The AIMSS Project – I.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The AIMSS Project – I

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.157154Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.157154Z digest=sha256:5a15eba04bc3640d81abff39ff26dda8910467be60e4d8b60ac3ed396cbfcba6

Observation 60c95692-06ea-427d-9b64-874f3fd3e746 · outbound

This paper cites Radial Velocities of Globular Clusters in the Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Radial Velocities of Globular Clusters in the Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.160222Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.160222Z digest=sha256:0abb25f5ca57086413f22db0a1b6e9394dad16c3eaafd5067edc5629d94e9b02

Observation fafe1c8a-0926-4677-8b56-67db21265640 · outbound

This paper cites The central region of the Fornax cluster - II.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The central region of the Fornax cluster - II

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.167513Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.167513Z digest=sha256:bf86eada223d3004fa6bc6d15ceec6379471fcd1878fe5ff2489ea2952252497

Observation 2c55e801-f126-4753-ba0e-1136cb4612c8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.170469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.170469Z digest=sha256:b4cec5dc8bc940daf3b93a1c8bcc12420ce34560a9aeeda6a8f7fd990e280fd6

Observation a55bfa5d-bd18-4bf2-a2c6-aeaeb924ba5c · outbound

This paper cites Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies in the Fornax Cluster

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.173595Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.173595Z digest=sha256:0ac19c272be49efbff7237b35bc4178fbf925cdfa1d3505a0d1458e046ff8715

Observation a470222a-7143-4662-b4ce-640c71a93b89 · outbound

This paper cites Ultra compact objects in the Fornax cluster of galaxies: Globular clusters or dwarf galaxies? Astronomy & Astrophysics 2002, 383, 823–837.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Ultra compact objects in the Fornax cluster of galaxies: Globular clusters or dwarf galaxies? Astronomy & Astrophysics 2002, 383, 823–837

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.176546Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.176546Z digest=sha256:77482467dc8789756859fe71ab3fde373b03f5cbc33f28f3a5313d08faaed91f

Observation b565f866-474b-4e26-9695-a7c59d31ab88 · outbound

This paper cites A class of compact dwarf galaxies from disruptive processes in galaxy clusters.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A class of compact dwarf galaxies from disruptive processes in galaxy clusters

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.179793Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.179793Z digest=sha256:5fb8e97d0977eaea6ed404867585de52b4a022e56b734026bb8fcf184730763f

Observation 8032bd2c-bb69-4b77-be1d-8e3b244ca5aa · outbound

This paper cites The formation of compact dwarf ellipticals through merging star clusters.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The formation of compact dwarf ellipticals through merging star clusters

Reference 27

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:53:41.908077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.182727Z digest=sha256:967e651ec3e544ffbb87a9f9d349f74475468d521bcfa9c25e2644247c73ab28

Observation a7efe24a-aa68-49fa-9d3f-1f5ab1c9ce61 · outbound

This paper cites A catalog of extended clusters and ultra-compact dwarf galaxies - An analysis of their parameters in early- and late-type galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A catalog of extended clusters and ultra-compact dwarf galaxies - An analysis of their parameters in early- and late-type galaxies

Reference 28

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:53:41.892949Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.185891Z digest=sha256:8a26f79874e71e973d3c70d4f9f1aacac6ef5f9af110be598de735a9a6e199e4

Observation 418d87cc-24c9-44b3-a770-1f3c0cf6dc0a · outbound

This paper cites M32 Analogs? A Population of Massive Ultra-compact Dwarf and Compact Elliptical Galaxies in Intermediate- redshift Clusters.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers M32 Analogs? A Population of Massive Ultra-compact Dwarf and Compact Elliptical Galaxies in Intermediate- redshift Clusters

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.188765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.188765Z digest=sha256:dc74fd829e9baad3b0c7cf8c4b98683c81139686401815732ae851051a2bc313

Observation 91841be6-00c2-4a1a-9913-edf91344cb89 · outbound

This paper cites The nature of UCDs: Internal dynamics from an expanded sample and homogeneous database.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The nature of UCDs: Internal dynamics from an expanded sample and homogeneous database

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.191855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.191855Z digest=sha256:b017ba6d974d7308461536cce003a780f4134f5fda291601013ace1eb070ac65

Observation 06b6fdff-aa99-436a-98db-1e5d2786d46d · outbound

This paper cites The creation of a massive UCD by tidal threshing from NGC 936.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The creation of a massive UCD by tidal threshing from NGC 936

Reference 31

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:53:41.858745Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.194857Z digest=sha256:58e283bfe727c15f348fd84b439281ee0d8233bd6535948e325dd0f7c4377b5b

Observation 685d647d-27bd-4d34-9c29-a386c4a99b54 · outbound

This paper cites Ultracompact dwarfs in the Perseus Cluster: UCD formation via tidal stripping.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Ultracompact dwarfs in the Perseus Cluster: UCD formation via tidal stripping

Reference 32

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.197897Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.197897Z digest=sha256:21395fec2191c1928728b289f8e411766e165a4ca4ceeb9222b5c8f67938638a

Observation 4d0ebc73-c368-4c5e-a5a7-3d8c15bc39cb · outbound

This paper cites Dynamical versus stellar masses of ultracompact dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Dynamical versus stellar masses of ultracompact dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.200846Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.200846Z digest=sha256:f13a6e93675fe479a7ce311c9ebf4c65fd361d632b964b8317a6d8b729b64882

Observation b21998a4-29ff-4c6f-9539-5be8d3edbd78 · outbound

This paper cites A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies.The Astronomical Journal 2004, 127, 2031–2068.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies.The Astronomical Journal 2004, 127, 2031–2068

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.203812Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.203812Z digest=sha256:537fe1a3103d9cd1c147593a40534cd3a29bfa03d9cf18dc8e7446406d2c38be

Observation 7244850b-3f41-4f1f-b9be-ba7d0a185f90 · outbound

This paper cites The Second Nucleus of NGC 7727: Direct Evidence for the Formation and Evolution of an Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The Second Nucleus of NGC 7727: Direct Evidence for the Formation and Evolution of an Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy

Reference 35

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.206771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.206771Z digest=sha256:1c156a3e86fd110b3bf062598dd48befc33d8955ee83350092d9150db5558aee

Observation 0307b613-e7d1-4447-a9cf-031043058ffb · outbound

This paper cites Stellar population constraints on the dark matter content and origin of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Stellar population constraints on the dark matter content and origin of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.209728Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.209728Z digest=sha256:ddf6f7af00abbcdf74f534cf6c987671b77af3f6b7a9107f26f49a3d3ed19b35

Observation e12cb355-61a8-4416-98ff-2240ebb94ec0 · outbound

This paper cites Testing the tidal stripping scenario of ultracompact dwarf galaxy formation by using internal properties.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Testing the tidal stripping scenario of ultracompact dwarf galaxy formation by using internal properties

Reference 37

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:53:41.833354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.212781Z digest=sha256:b7bf5fb37f9c458b31ddd7565c6b9bdfbb8e2679a0d60cfaceee0913e3a56d4e

Observation ebc03007-3684-4213-855f-bf6659a9be49 · outbound

This paper cites A possible formation scenario for the ultramassive cluster W3 in NGC 7252.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A possible formation scenario for the ultramassive cluster W3 in NGC 7252

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.215896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.215896Z digest=sha256:e491057e6635bd7cca2ae5ca922f97de567142d51680ec70f5da927fc4df1342

Observation b162737c-7a94-4bca-be78-b78aeaa3eeaa · outbound

This paper cites The transition between star clusters and dwarf galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The transition between star clusters and dwarf galaxies

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.218739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.218739Z digest=sha256:16dd1c754726bdf4c31ef1a604177791dfea4ee57474ec911a63ac2b4e22d7b5

Observation d0a55b42-d376-488a-b488-5212e1a529bb · outbound

This paper cites Formation of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies from supergiant molecular clouds.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Formation of ultra-compact dwarf galaxies from supergiant molecular clouds

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.221672Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.221672Z digest=sha256:6747640a116d88af3e7c77204d16125b7c78e4e68e9f1b7735aec487b8b0c356

Observation d6c2e81f-9bf1-4991-bce8-5d857d11c1b3 · outbound

This paper cites Simple Interactive Image Segmentation using Label Propagation through kNN graphs.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Simple Interactive Image Segmentation using Label Propagation through kNN graphs

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.224597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.224597Z digest=sha256:222d2ca5c3fc67658b78600d91b41c0230b1adc93302ac7f75744b02acb5cb15

Observation 15f76806-8c7c-4959-8f9e-f28bc29d6a46 · outbound

This paper cites SDSS J124155.33+114003.7 – a missing link between compact elliptical and ultracompact dwarf galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers SDSS J124155.33+114003.7 – a missing link between compact elliptical and ultracompact dwarf galaxies

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.228092Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.228092Z digest=sha256:cfff3479e3e521fd94038b638fb3728755cfa2e1c0039956270e001138f2f3b4

Observation 9505d3ff-5e4b-450e-b13d-601dab027032 · outbound

This paper cites A Nearby Isolated Dwarf: Star Formation and Structure of ESO 006–001.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A Nearby Isolated Dwarf: Star Formation and Structure of ESO 006–001

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.231199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.231199Z digest=sha256:661a9615964d7d3ffefee9546964e7b6030a30d1e40a098d136d91ffd98fc1e4

Observation edf21681-8c98-4e14-aa59-62bcee642d55 · outbound

This paper cites Low-mass compact elliptical galaxies: spatially resolved stellar populations and kinematics with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Low-mass compact elliptical galaxies: spatially resolved stellar populations and kinematics with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager

Reference 44

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:38.011505Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.234161Z digest=sha256:f23457e4a25bb4768a109370987e7cda9d6f560fe00fc0c68b88073c2d7a1a2a

Observation ec985f6e-0e61-4cfd-ab77-6d453e5a2539 · outbound

This paper cites A search for active galactic nuclei in low-mass compact galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A search for active galactic nuclei in low-mass compact galaxies

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.237313Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.237313Z digest=sha256:6d4d14bc174055e8286e8601490728cca0fd8e65bf583147603f7fec727fd44b

Observation 63aff10c-69cd-4bc2-aa2f-9091bb9c1667 · outbound

This paper cites A supermassive black hole in an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A supermassive black hole in an ultra-compact dwarf galaxy

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.240178Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.240178Z digest=sha256:0f2fc79d1debda6a20b347230242cd2d5869606dee623e96f1355f2ba92081a7

Observation 9d8c041b-7e0f-472e-8261-0a66368c4df3 · outbound

This paper cites Detection of Supermassive Black Holes in Two Virgo Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Detection of Supermassive Black Holes in Two Virgo Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxies

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.243270Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.243270Z digest=sha256:be81d41d2c27ddfa5b7e63e6c18f13a6a015151f0a47bf95a14d9cb5b385b91d

Observation 696ef891-715c-45da-bb21-4e17bffb5474 · outbound

This paper cites Detection of Enhanced Central Mass-to-light Ratios in Low-mass Early-type Galaxies: Evidence for Black Holes? The Astrophysical Journal 2017, 850, 15.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Detection of Enhanced Central Mass-to-light Ratios in Low-mass Early-type Galaxies: Evidence for Black Holes? The Astrophysical Journal 2017, 850, 15

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.246214Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.246214Z digest=sha256:6c48abe3d32d7039f6f81745fae53da9a832421aa5158533e70655764e01f274

Observation bb2c54c6-7bf5-428c-8888-17b439d1354d · outbound

This paper cites A 3.5 million Solar masses black hole in the centre of the ultracompact dwarf galaxy fornax UCD3.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A 3.5 million Solar masses black hole in the centre of the ultracompact dwarf galaxy fornax UCD3

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.249228Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.249228Z digest=sha256:2cb11296a79467091af0e4b20543ae018c85c9b08c00d8ebed3dae1c4552cc55

Observation 6fa63a1e-ff68-4a97-b09c-3fd638bbb4af · outbound

This paper cites The Black Hole in the Most Massive Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy M59-UCD3.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The Black Hole in the Most Massive Ultracompact Dwarf Galaxy M59-UCD3

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.252262Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.252262Z digest=sha256:b2891b2aa185cb6485ca1b152af7c6b0588a42c407475dcb50b08d0826e39736

Observation fdc0e9cd-0901-4385-8086-ff438677438c · outbound

This paper cites The contribution of supermassive black holes in stripped nuclei to the supermassive black hole population of UCDs and galaxy clusters.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The contribution of supermassive black holes in stripped nuclei to the supermassive black hole population of UCDs and galaxy clusters

Reference 52

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.967884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.258458Z digest=sha256:8e4cbae85ea4a0c91cab3d206411f596bc8a29cda5d40ed26754a8c66542ad72

Observation 1bef9b36-4ddb-428d-9ff3-68ee7bf8eb51 · outbound

This paper cites The Effect of the LMC on the Milky Way System.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The Effect of the LMC on the Milky Way System

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.262007Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.262007Z digest=sha256:36506a9f1625b5fe7f9d245ca8e9ea51b7060fb8532e69bdac0ab93a40076398

Observation ea591dd2-beca-487c-83b9-e53e758082d0 · outbound

This paper cites A holistic review of a galactic interaction.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A holistic review of a galactic interaction

Reference 54

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.950606Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.265654Z digest=sha256:732cbec00f957ae4abeb860d8f4c813cb785d6351ec6262f3d97569da7e9f40c

Observation c31c17ea-ff77-4802-9813-7e61adc6b1a1 · outbound

This paper cites Galaxy Cruise: Deep Insights into Interacting Galaxies in the Local Universe.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Galaxy Cruise: Deep Insights into Interacting Galaxies in the Local Universe

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.269201Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.269201Z digest=sha256:92efc7bba51ccc07e815d09904245b5f66ba29d21014aa733a286eb13ab62c1f

Observation fdbb5e8f-255a-4e88-91e9-a48d137d1a60 · outbound

This paper cites Harnessing the Hubble Space Telescope Archives: A Catalog of 21,926 Interacting Galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Harnessing the Hubble Space Telescope Archives: A Catalog of 21,926 Interacting Galaxies

Reference 56

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.937107Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.273104Z digest=sha256:99c5e3d3d65cfd0ab78b568295a30914a795194cdef03aafaef1a7319d7e1fc5

Observation d7d433ec-cbd0-4326-ac9c-46ae834286aa · outbound

This paper cites Young Star-Forming Complexes in the Ring of the S0 Galaxy NGC 4324.Astronomy Letters 2022, 48, 139–152.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Young Star-Forming Complexes in the Ring of the S0 Galaxy NGC 4324.Astronomy Letters 2022, 48, 139–152

Reference 57

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.927782Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.276686Z digest=sha256:7f8d1669c51de4c70044be6227ac875aac0b611eb6b949dec1da079e76a0638e

Observation 05642dde-1276-4d2d-aef6-1bbd4432229d · outbound

This paper cites Hidden depths in the local Universe: The Stellar Stream Legacy Survey.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Hidden depths in the local Universe: The Stellar Stream Legacy Survey

Reference 58

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.280186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.280186Z digest=sha256:59a43a36c814462b62a26c44ea6ae626649beb9817b702c15cda0b06a13d80e2

Observation cfb77fd7-1f91-4878-bfc4-d9312df54295 · outbound

This paper cites Constraining the Gravitational Potential from the Projected Morphology of Extragalactic Tidal Streams.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Constraining the Gravitational Potential from the Projected Morphology of Extragalactic Tidal Streams

Reference 59

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.283571Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.283571Z digest=sha256:46fac0b8d0b908743890d1f3b83e7b32222d124a5c8a6a124f41798263000551

Observation a15f8050-a633-4f79-a7b0-1892ffeb74dd · outbound

This paper cites The Influence of the Galactic Bar on the Dynamics of Globular Clusters.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The Influence of the Galactic Bar on the Dynamics of Globular Clusters

Reference 60

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.908933Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.286120Z digest=sha256:e37b3b73fc5f29f19bd38f35f928e82ced0909428dbc3a51817aba12fb64adb9

Observation 6e2223d7-6e61-43c1-9d41-b427f953a22e · outbound

This paper cites An almost head-on collision as the origin of two off-centre rings in the Andromeda galaxy.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers An almost head-on collision as the origin of two off-centre rings in the Andromeda galaxy

Reference 61

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.288990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.288990Z digest=sha256:9ce965c03249461c62d9a3c851ae6fdfd6be0252f0ef5040ed26a83065ee7206

Observation f1e7453b-192b-4404-ac9b-b77946c30868 · outbound

This paper cites Star formation in outer rings of S0 galaxies - IV.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Star formation in outer rings of S0 galaxies - IV

Reference 62

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.894975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.291799Z digest=sha256:816bb2895943671b2299da575efa23172fdf4fcff186688cc0159999e5205eb3

Observation 9e9d91f9-5a76-435e-beb0-4398a160a146 · outbound

This paper cites Dark matter in galaxies.Physics-Uspekhi (Advances in Physical Sciences) 2017, 60, 3–39.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Dark matter in galaxies.Physics-Uspekhi (Advances in Physical Sciences) 2017, 60, 3–39

Reference 63

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.294678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.294678Z digest=sha256:cf542893fd59e3d4072f88ad79c2bb28218b26c881ebb0c382cd209784f5bbab

Observation c2642c89-36c5-4062-a26b-505a0779689f · outbound

This paper cites A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE) - XII.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE) - XII

Reference 64

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.297613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.297613Z digest=sha256:63e345bf6af74c13ccfbd45eff777492408f8d89cf1e076217e49f2cd8a5d697

Observation 7920d654-723e-461e-912d-98ad3ac8d9ee · outbound

This paper cites Remnant of a “Wet” Merger: NGC 34 and Its Young Massive Clusters, Young Stellar Disk, and Strong Gaseous Outflow.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Remnant of a “Wet” Merger: NGC 34 and Its Young Massive Clusters, Young Stellar Disk, and Strong Gaseous Outflow

Reference 65

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.876087Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.300676Z digest=sha256:4c7589da17b3c3508e985b44e2d71fb149838a9d400048000fa9fdc55efbf2b8

Observation d04736f8-429b-452b-8871-9b4ee7932a08 · outbound

This paper cites Luminosity profiles and sizes of massive star clusters in NGC 7252.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Luminosity profiles and sizes of massive star clusters in NGC 7252

Reference 66

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.303773Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.303773Z digest=sha256:713d9ce051dd12ff3a2f97511578382181406ab53e631458dbc0f90fc9c3366b

Observation 96c919b8-1dbc-4fd0-b49b-d7f7801cbfe4 · outbound

This paper cites The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

Reference 67

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.306871Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.306871Z digest=sha256:ad19ba45f01bb2ffbcb5079dde7208c9e18efae01ecedd16a596ce9db215ec01

Observation 764e2ce2-fd8d-40b2-b327-87aad30bf6df · outbound

This paper cites The Gaia mission.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The Gaia mission

Reference 68

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.309643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.309643Z digest=sha256:a19916e836bcdf27f3eaece8532ae541bdcb46095c1b04c960d41c1ebaef2190

Observation 0ef1a90b-e6f5-480a-a62b-150dbb201db1 · outbound

This paper cites Gaia Data Release 3.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Gaia Data Release 3

Reference 69

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.312543Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.312543Z digest=sha256:f93a4e7d75b3b56f58b4da1c39678c1e4e1057f1b6ffbd47daff642f6dd2b119

Observation c339687d-03a0-447a-919c-5ba96bf88e45 · outbound

This paper cites SEGUE: A Spectroscopic Survey of 240,000 Stars with g = 14-20.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers SEGUE: A Spectroscopic Survey of 240,000 Stars with g = 14-20

Reference 70

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.315448Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.315448Z digest=sha256:74b568ab87809508cd63e2d265d4f5614d611f60306f1c9fbde77bb5464d8b7b

Observation 57b76523-5e83-4d7f-b7a2-90c3ffeb6534 · outbound

This paper cites The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE).

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE)

Reference 71

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.318806Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.318806Z digest=sha256:cae7d7551716f7b1c1ac82480b93223a0056934af21cdc2515452db9f6347cf9

Observation e01c1b9f-0d02-4c6b-aaad-603b8ef74818 · outbound

This paper cites A Tale of Two Disks: Mapping the Milky Way with the Final Data Release of APOGEE.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A Tale of Two Disks: Mapping the Milky Way with the Final Data Release of APOGEE

Reference 72

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.321559Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.321559Z digest=sha256:375249dd3c1df9c6fd5897bfa860de3702654c5ff114061d72b9228b841f0603

Observation 6faaaace-ab3e-4ed4-8ef9-09d8542bc038 · outbound

This paper cites Co-formation of the disc and the stellar halo.Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2018, 478, 611–619.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Co-formation of the disc and the stellar halo.Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2018, 478, 611–619

Reference 73

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.324720Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.324720Z digest=sha256:213767641ccebed66fadae81aaea676fe677e4b9d9aeab151e982fe2388b759e

Observation bb64f5e5-e1a7-49ef-8479-ae34a26b5bda · outbound

This paper cites In Disguise or Out of Reach: First Clues about In Situ and Accreted Stars in the Stellar Halo of the Milky Way from Gaia DR2.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers In Disguise or Out of Reach: First Clues about In Situ and Accreted Stars in the Stellar Halo of the Milky Way from Gaia DR2

Reference 74

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.327748Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.327748Z digest=sha256:e266fe159b77851f23fcd73d30e6a6252be195ea686f95fd5d1c270ec9563537

Observation dbc00a0a-9eab-416c-92c6-002732db38c1 · outbound

This paper cites How unusual is the Milky Way’s assembly history? Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2020, 497, 4311–4321.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers How unusual is the Milky Way’s assembly history? Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2020, 497, 4311–4321

Reference 75

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.331558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.331558Z digest=sha256:cd6ddf305fe6da2e9b185483849af5aa00a44fdf4bb1e5bc6674c0baf2a11cc7

Observation a9b08221-a6d7-4532-ae85-5bd9e5b3e823 · outbound

This paper cites The shape of the Galactic halo with Gaia DR2 RR Lyrae.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The shape of the Galactic halo with Gaia DR2 RR Lyrae

Reference 76

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.334290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.334290Z digest=sha256:f7d977287f0cfd652b66e56224a6de5b94359cefe31ad8e0d83c53003ff79f10

Observation 0cf73199-9fa5-4157-aac8-861740d558ba · outbound

This paper cites The merger that led to the formation of the Milky Way’s inner stellar halo and thick disk.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The merger that led to the formation of the Milky Way’s inner stellar halo and thick disk

Reference 77

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.337142Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.337142Z digest=sha256:67ca6f0e6dc520da99f3c75eea6c6bcaab747bd9bc0e3dc5e3fe579fffa01325

Observation 665b4699-3791-456d-ae0d-00fd900a3e29 · outbound

This paper cites The stellar mass of the Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus accretion remnant.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The stellar mass of the Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus accretion remnant

Reference 78

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.339744Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.339744Z digest=sha256:ac47eee16ee8514866c8365f41557d6ee5bc91591a74fb0f4c51ac1af4f1be16

Observation 09334b25-50f0-4245-ad63-b3e7bfd2e4ba · outbound

This paper cites A high fidelity Milky Way simulation with Kraken, Gaia-Enceladus, and Sequoia analogues: clues to their accretion histories.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A high fidelity Milky Way simulation with Kraken, Gaia-Enceladus, and Sequoia analogues: clues to their accretion histories

Reference 79

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.342717Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.342717Z digest=sha256:57f3e99e2307ee2392255be8c2c9dd68bdb8d5ececf50cbd6160db7707e98762

Observation 1e63b057-20f8-45c8-9498-d00a88b477ed · outbound

This paper cites From dawn till disc: Milky Way’s turbulent youth revealed by the APOGEE+Gaia data.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers From dawn till disc: Milky Way’s turbulent youth revealed by the APOGEE+Gaia data

Reference 80

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.345439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.345439Z digest=sha256:2febb516b7dca56f7881b1c47bc4740567d5b5b41d0bec2bd99492f8131a1831

Observation 04a945f6-d884-4557-b050-7c99298dab03 · outbound

This paper cites The stellar halo in Local Group Hestia simulations - II.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The stellar halo in Local Group Hestia simulations - II

Reference 81

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.348332Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.348332Z digest=sha256:34a9ffb2a4dde708213b9ceacd12912c30291eb0d62916a2c3cde758adbfd524

Observation 965f116c-5728-461a-b767-6bdd482b6e3a · outbound

This paper cites VINTERGATAN- GM: The cosmological imprints of early mergers on Milky-Way-mass galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers VINTERGATAN- GM: The cosmological imprints of early mergers on Milky-Way-mass galaxies

Reference 82

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.351658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.351658Z digest=sha256:26fc63f2a647faddac6094359c570112433c3c0713cc7544dc4e9191ad106aa1

Observation 1702771d-6c1e-4678-9e3e-185ee61f9f0b · outbound

This paper cites Silva, L.; Laporte, C.F.P .; Deg, N.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Silva, L.; Laporte, C.F.P .; Deg, N

Reference 83

Resolution
malformed identifier
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.354316Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.354316Z digest=sha256:f04c5f460d1bae6f7e982ee0c133d33effe12ac9a1767adb955167cfbf5ad027

Observation fd6b8186-1bb1-4e04-9c6d-c5a44a857f74 · outbound

This paper cites Stellar halo substructure generated by bar resonances.Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2023, 524, 3596–3608.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Stellar halo substructure generated by bar resonances.Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 2023, 524, 3596–3608

Reference 84

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.357012Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.357012Z digest=sha256:78e0a0d6d5c626947b07bc7e5a83267d448d2cf12c94d9592fc27a86dcdcbfcc

Observation 05eae3be-3ee7-4c6b-87a4-d61e20aca218 · outbound

This paper cites Stellar halo striations from assumptions of axisymmetry.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Stellar halo striations from assumptions of axisymmetry

Reference 85

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.777804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.359964Z digest=sha256:3e5c1e0c6aca152c8610b31ebd005f612850db781965025761a897fe53e96599

Observation 071e4e25-6750-4036-b8fd-dd90f34c9cda · outbound

This paper cites Energy wrinkles and phase-space folds of the last major merger.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Energy wrinkles and phase-space folds of the last major merger

Reference 86

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.362734Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.362734Z digest=sha256:3a29e893545a76fb510393f3318dea300d674b56d97590890525bf64d94488ba

Observation 7f99744f-fef8-4561-9bbc-8ad3130811c1 · outbound

This paper cites The stellar halo in Local Group Hestia simulations - III.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The stellar halo in Local Group Hestia simulations - III

Reference 87

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.365435Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.365435Z digest=sha256:569c8fbe10f96254de7f89c44ac678f3d32626130818c195b9979fcc08e85c6c

Observation 9e2f8a57-55ae-4e60-a067-b4388102f362 · outbound

This paper cites Reconstructing the Last Major Merger of the Milky Way with the H3 Survey.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Reconstructing the Last Major Merger of the Milky Way with the H3 Survey

Reference 88

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.368670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.368670Z digest=sha256:2cc897cad782b1de226b610185b3f5b79b452b3e64c3060e2360cef2555b6e45

Observation 5367b87f-02de-430b-8361-59993a0cda97 · outbound

This paper cites Reconstructing the Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus Using Its Stars and Globular Clusters.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Reconstructing the Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus Using Its Stars and Globular Clusters

Reference 89

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.373688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.373688Z digest=sha256:466f19359d2b2cc16c3cee96a2904db411c66965bb4903b0259b536af1ff62fc

Observation a8b0a937-9619-41f7-8d60-311a8740bbcc · outbound

This paper cites The Fall of a Giant.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The Fall of a Giant

Reference 90

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.377605Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.377605Z digest=sha256:dc3f698c764af54175d341e7e58e85c2743237261aa350b78162d52ade108293

Observation 963e3d6f-4dba-4945-9e6c-e2b2899320c8 · outbound

This paper cites Evidence for two early accretion events that built the Milky Way stellar halo.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Evidence for two early accretion events that built the Milky Way stellar halo

Reference 92

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.385588Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.385588Z digest=sha256:a9eb2c2f4476d75b56c9df05b18d8ec3fef70dbb93cf924470d64a0455668026

Observation c65558f5-6c76-4cab-90f7-769d4505e1b4 · outbound

This paper cites Modeling of Spiral Structure in a Multi-Component Milky Way-Like Galaxy.Galaxies 2021, 9, 29.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Modeling of Spiral Structure in a Multi-Component Milky Way-Like Galaxy.Galaxies 2021, 9, 29

Reference 93

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.389278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.389278Z digest=sha256:029e1bdb6c04abe09b7033bc061a97cf905ba3be2234dbc3240cbadf3443d1aa

Observation a81a9534-e96f-4fbc-9054-b51a84038762 · outbound

This paper cites Numerical Modeling of the Collisions of Spheroidal Galaxies: Mass Loss Efficiency by Baryon Components.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Numerical Modeling of the Collisions of Spheroidal Galaxies: Mass Loss Efficiency by Baryon Components

Reference 94

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.729813Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.392925Z digest=sha256:1fcadc1cf2157c61a5e5ed4f2256cefc436a7e375bea651aca5a58f781808323

Observation eefbac9a-17b8-45d7-a2cf-37f71e9853f2 · outbound

This paper cites Numerical Modelling of the Dynamics of the Galactic Halos in the Colliding Galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Numerical Modelling of the Dynamics of the Galactic Halos in the Colliding Galaxies

Reference 95

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.719998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.396454Z digest=sha256:38ebf9f85453ebf7f4f85c78045b0c1bab43e551c9462ee5824f5e9c5f73e862

Observation 3c45afde-31c9-4714-aa04-f6490779ebf1 · outbound

This paper cites Extreme kinematic misalignment in IllustrisTNG galaxies: the origin, structure, and internal dynamics of galaxies with a large-scale counterrotation.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Extreme kinematic misalignment in IllustrisTNG galaxies: the origin, structure, and internal dynamics of galaxies with a large-scale counterrotation

Reference 96

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.400083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.400083Z digest=sha256:b0ea54da2680e495d3c17c9c8bda6f8f0c86c1326b6719241e711271ff74e53e

Observation 1788b2dd-6bc2-4560-88eb-ba86bbe9ff67 · outbound

This paper cites Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics models: implementation features on GPUs.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics models: implementation features on GPUs

Reference 97

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.706087Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.403389Z digest=sha256:4051b16534c374ed71562e8fe10aaf983a688a73e5693c1fedb7232c932e8fb8

Observation 4142265b-0cd1-452f-bd57-4665bdeedecf · outbound

This paper cites The simulation of molecular clouds formation in the Milky Way.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers The simulation of molecular clouds formation in the Milky Way

Reference 98

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.696207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.406832Z digest=sha256:cf3a5fb78c76777f0b72628cbf7ed6af95b1650417eb340d55f8bd044e4140b7

Observation 04123137-4483-47e2-a6c9-b102e63e38dc · outbound

This paper cites Bimodality of [α Fe]-[Fe/H] distributions is a natural outcome of dissipative collapse and disc growth in Milky Way-type galaxies.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Bimodality of [α Fe]-[Fe/H] distributions is a natural outcome of dissipative collapse and disc growth in Milky Way-type galaxies

Reference 99

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.410219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.410219Z digest=sha256:140c33788ff1d70b9e95a83cba6f3c0c4080e10619067a9acc8663d9c26f037b

Observation 37800173-900a-4bc7-bc6e-d4e12826885e · outbound

This paper cites A Simulation of the Collapse and Fragmentation of Cooling Molecular Clouds.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers A Simulation of the Collapse and Fragmentation of Cooling Molecular Clouds

Reference 100

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.681941Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.413684Z digest=sha256:a221a6b8686b8ab5420a32cee076d273c576b475df12946264373061e8b6bbdc

Observation 9b2943f6-3e47-4376-95dc-6aac9c491aee · outbound

This paper cites Non-equilibrium ionization states and cooling rates of photoionized enriched gas.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Non-equilibrium ionization states and cooling rates of photoionized enriched gas

Reference 101

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.417362Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.417362Z digest=sha256:17d53e2a2095e190e34ed74bed12e2db8700ea6c2b9d8627e130f58f7f54f320

Observation 1d6ed50e-fb66-4888-9639-d85108c2bf35 · outbound

This paper cites Hydrodynamical Simulations of the Galaxy Population: Enduring Successes and Outstanding Challenges.

Formation of Transitional cE/UCD Galaxies through Massive/Dwarf Disc Galaxy Mergers Hydrodynamical Simulations of the Galaxy Population: Enduring Successes and Outstanding Challenges

Reference 102

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-11T22:51:37.672596Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-11T22:51:37.420412Z digest=sha256:55b96383188b04360746cf12736c00721053bb7a18f1b4974e6e8e3a38c1f7f2

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.