Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization

As of 24 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 46 of 46 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2605.29734.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2605.29734 v1

Coverage vector

measured 46 of 46 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-29T07:26:46.105050Z

measured 47 of 47 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-11T14:30:20.959431Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

46 of 46 outbound references displayed

verified exact32
verified fuzzy0
unresolved11
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch3

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 9ba0a04d-4497-48fe-850a-a5d29b1ba1b1 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.103388Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 6ea61b1b-25c9-4445-941d-4e48aa765c4e · outbound

This paper cites The best of n worlds: Aligning reinforcement learning with best-of-n sampling via max@ k optimisation.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization The best of n worlds: Aligning reinforcement learning with best-of-n sampling via max@ k optimisation

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.099568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 584f6640-e516-4b71-87f7-58b2e0decad6 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Monkeys: Scaling Inference Compute with Repeated Sampling.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Large Language Monkeys: Scaling Inference Compute with Repeated Sampling

Reference 3

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.102013Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 747fd878-a399-47c1-b285-30916ad2ca53 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.107148Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation bb38b398-7eb2-41eb-b401-a047c7669b34 · outbound

This paper cites TVM: An Automated End-to-End Optimizing Compiler for Deep Learning.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization TVM: An Automated End-to-End Optimizing Compiler for Deep Learning

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.100586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 2f9d17e0-d227-4bca-ac2c-620478739db1 · outbound

This paper cites CUDA-LLM: LLMs Can Write Efficient CUDA Kernels.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization CUDA-LLM: LLMs Can Write Efficient CUDA Kernels

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.089027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 1bd9c4f2-e1e7-4fea-b0d6-5453d7eb0703 · outbound

This paper cites Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memory.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Mem0: Building Production-Ready AI Agents with Scalable Long-Term Memory

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.094222Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation bf3b342f-c306-4459-b39b-978314de88ee · outbound

This paper cites Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.078102Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 403a4a38-4b27-4791-ac16-f8c1b890bfb5 · outbound

This paper cites Cuda agent: Large-scale agentic rl for high-performance cuda kernel generation.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Cuda agent: Large-scale agentic rl for high-performance cuda kernel generation

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.082191Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 13dbb558-d617-4ccb-80c5-947f63ca5ceb · outbound

This paper cites FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioning.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioning

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.087784Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 776b464c-eb42-4c8c-8cce-cf2f758250c7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-29T07:26:46.105050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c3562fd2-5772-48fe-9728-5b1734749f25 · outbound

This paper cites Ker- nelBlaster: Continual cross-task CUDA optimization via memory- augmented in-context reinforcement learning.CoRR, abs/2602.14293.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Ker- nelBlaster: Continual cross-task CUDA optimization via memory- augmented in-context reinforcement learning.CoRR, abs/2602.14293

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.091678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation bd2f2959-d61c-46e3-9880-26777f7fcb59 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-29T07:26:46.105050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ae9fd1b9-631e-446a-8f1b-240c8678a5e8 · outbound

This paper cites Fromlargetosmall: Transferring cuda optimization expertise via reasoning graph.arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.19873.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Fromlargetosmall: Transferring cuda optimization expertise via reasoning graph.arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.19873

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.104699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e5711426-3335-436e-a324-ac1d3efdc983 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.109942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation caf9e4d2-8a73-406b-b59e-5eb66db9373b · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-Coder: When the Large Language Model Meets Programming -- The Rise of Code Intelligence.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization DeepSeek-Coder: When the Large Language Model Meets Programming -- The Rise of Code Intelligence

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.067049Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 3229c268-f00d-4ca4-9b54-7d8810d1f237 · outbound

This paper cites arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.07169 , year=.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization arXiv preprint arXiv:2603.07169 , year=

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.075623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a9adc8a7-e204-4a5e-95a6-d2936e8abd51 · outbound

This paper cites Reveal: Self-evolving code agents via iterative generation-verification.arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.11442.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Reveal: Self-evolving code agents via iterative generation-verification.arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.11442

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.071253Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a41a876f-2d4b-4fa3-8f8c-f7d02634b838 · outbound

This paper cites Towards robust agentic cuda kernel benchmarking, verification, and optimization.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Towards robust agentic cuda kernel benchmarking, verification, and optimization

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.085026Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 1f871bfb-6af9-4afe-a956-4f13d36db27e · outbound

This paper cites Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.098117Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b0475f41-f8d4-4fcb-9dbb-8a32d296b39a · outbound

This paper cites ETS: Energy-Guided Test-Time Scaling for Training-Free RL Alignment.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization ETS: Energy-Guided Test-Time Scaling for Training-Free RL Alignment

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.105842Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation dcf3ff8d-a42e-4023-aa26-76a90ebbb4e3 · outbound

This paper cites Reasoning and Tool-use Compete in Agentic RL:From Quantifying Interference to Disentangled Tuning.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Reasoning and Tool-use Compete in Agentic RL:From Quantifying Interference to Disentangled Tuning

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.054002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 6a5f5827-f238-4090-b7d5-5559ba00a3b1 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.059193Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a4e951d3-6256-424f-b1d7-42cab673e616 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3.2: Pushing the Frontier of Open Large Language Models.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization DeepSeek-V3.2: Pushing the Frontier of Open Large Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.043612Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 87a19f2f-c3d8-4df5-9201-b4d66f2a7235 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-29T07:26:46.105050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 485fc2e7-eee8-451b-b8bc-ef56b53eb745 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-29T07:26:46.105050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7f85c4de-5cfe-4884-a20d-ff87a6ba2957 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-29T07:26:46.105050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3a00bca0-78d9-45ee-a9dd-d4e6eb168ff9 · outbound

This paper cites AlphaEvolve: A coding agent for scientific and algorithmic discovery.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization AlphaEvolve: A coding agent for scientific and algorithmic discovery

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.054419Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 92273d98-9424-48de-b844-cb7b52072d66 · outbound

This paper cites KernelBench: Can LLMs Write Efficient GPU Kernels?.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization KernelBench: Can LLMs Write Efficient GPU Kernels?

Reference 29

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.046273Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation ce98c450-4bd0-496a-ba69-10665bb76433 · outbound

This paper cites MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systems.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systems

Reference 30

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.048833Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a7944a01-6d50-4f18-8082-6cf16cc632b1 · outbound

This paper cites Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Code.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Code

Reference 31

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.061464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a250d50f-375e-4338-8362-ba729b623115 · outbound

This paper cites Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.035243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 3ad6fac9-e568-4d22-9353-0b56929d30dd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-29T07:26:46.105050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d527ae40-1971-4a68-98a9-c5ef84b30ea5 · outbound

This paper cites Attention Is All You Need.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Attention Is All You Need

Reference 34

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.035439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 35bbfdc5-f77c-4ec7-afeb-5a002a81702a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-29T07:26:46.105050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7891eb7e-4355-46d8-bdb5-d5cb3c2ae5ec · outbound

This paper cites TileLang: A Composable Tiled Programming Model for AI Systems.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization TileLang: A Composable Tiled Programming Model for AI Systems

Reference 36

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.028916Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 2305641d-2f95-4ca7-9182-56cf499c2c84 · outbound

This paper cites Astra: A multi-agent system for GPU kernel performance optimization.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Astra: A multi-agent system for GPU kernel performance optimization

Reference 37

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.032405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 8b2fcb5f-cccf-469f-878b-7655debd33f1 · outbound

This paper cites A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents

Reference 38

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.043990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e0a7fa99-e649-4da3-9bf1-08a89a4f5edd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-29T07:26:46.105050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1fab49fd-b11f-4763-8238-6687378b2a0c · outbound

This paper cites Cudaforge: An agent framework with hardware feedback for cuda kernel optimization.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Cudaforge: An agent framework with hardware feedback for cuda kernel optimization

Reference 40

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.069834Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 49362858-6bc0-4b55-ab8d-959f464e63cb · outbound

This paper cites Ansor: Generating High-Performance Tensor Programs for Deep Learning.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Ansor: Generating High-Performance Tensor Programs for Deep Learning

Reference 41

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.016709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation fc39e494-6a57-44c4-bb3d-884964011f90 · outbound

This paper cites MemoryBank: Enhancing Large Language Models with Long-Term Memory.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization MemoryBank: Enhancing Large Language Models with Long-Term Memory

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.038130Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 5d960a0f-154d-4b76-82f0-16e934710343 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-29T07:26:46.105050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5cde6eb3-d64c-4480-aa73-6acd2f746ed2 · outbound

This paper cites Correct” counts target families for which every scenario passes the scaled tolerance; “geomean.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization Correct” counts target families for which every scenario passes the scaled tolerance; “geomean

Reference 44

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T07:33:14.048973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 9a1638ba-d1af-47be-b5e1-1a27466fe825 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-29T07:26:46.105050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 442613ea-c50f-4977-a415-a327baf46534 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization write newline

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-29T07:26:46.105050Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 0884fa46-92f7-4a1a-8e31-ddf7993ad560 · inbound

Turning Off-Policy Tokens On-Policy: A Plug-in Approach for Improving LLM Alignment cites this paper.

Turning Off-Policy Tokens On-Policy: A Plug-in Approach for Improving LLM Alignment HTAM: Hierarchical Transition-Attended Memory for Operator Optimization

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-11T14:30:20.959431Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.