Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer:

As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 34 of 34 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.12893.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.12893 v1

Coverage vector

measured 34 of 34 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.119983Z

measured 34 of 34 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

34 of 34 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy22
unresolved12
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 6fa456a7-8ed5-4745-ac16-cb51cc04249e · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating chatgpt as a question answering system: A comprehensive analysis and comparison with existing models, 2023.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Evaluating chatgpt as a question answering system: A comprehensive analysis and comparison with existing models, 2023

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.515158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 3cb23c34-3daf-44f3-8f2e-b2845a451133 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:19.986193Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 896969bc-0fcb-40ef-9e76-b5e0641d14a3 · outbound

This paper cites W., Hou, L., Longpre, S., Zoph, B., Tay, Y., Fedus, W., Li, Y., W ang, X., Dehghani, M., Brahma, S., Webson, A., Gu, S.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: W., Hou, L., Longpre, S., Zoph, B., Tay, Y., Fedus, W., Li, Y., W ang, X., Dehghani, M., Brahma, S., Webson, A., Gu, S

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.497505Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 172273a3-e5c7-4cff-9612-d9904d0ed1f1 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:19.994019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 17aeab3c-d940-475c-bc4f-e6be3610e47f · outbound

This paper cites F., Wold, A.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: F., Wold, A

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.487090Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f1f5bb32-ddac-40c7-8c51-ce26de3d75e8 · outbound

This paper cites Edg-based question decomposition for complex question answering over knowledge bases.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Edg-based question decomposition for complex question answering over knowledge bases

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.476792Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 33ab6fc8-e7a2-439c-b43c-d270e6a13808 · outbound

This paper cites Time-LLM: Time Series Forecasting by Reprogramming Large Language Models.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Time-LLM: Time Series Forecasting by Reprogramming Large Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.007395Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ef190d38-c436-4ad9-8995-055453950476 · outbound

This paper cites P., and Ba, J.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: P., and Ba, J

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.466024Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 201c2639-8b2e-492a-8a0a-8ce97a541ca2 · outbound

This paper cites ChatGPT: Jack of all trades, master of none.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: ChatGPT: Jack of all trades, master of none

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.455457Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 6ddf6d1b-9350-4072-883d-807d4fea18c0 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.018899Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0196fda0-915d-4bb2-a305-23895fb4fd51 · outbound

This paper cites Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach, 2019.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Roberta: A robustly optimized bert pretraining approach, 2019

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.445377Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation c8d05247-3b57-4e69-bf69-87eaeb6a2378 · outbound

This paper cites A universal question- answering platform for knowledge graphs, 2023.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: A universal question- answering platform for knowledge graphs, 2023

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.435186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 6a2afddd-7c05-41b7-b68c-caa5b672be91 · outbound

This paper cites Chatgpt versus traditional question answering for knowledge graphs: Current status and future directions towards knowledge graph chatbots, 2023.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Chatgpt versus traditional question answering for knowledge graphs: Current status and future directions towards knowledge graph chatbots, 2023

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.424808Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a22cf086-b7c3-4d67-a83e-c52aef970dc9 · outbound

This paper cites A comparative study of transformer-based language models on extractive question answering, 2021.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: A comparative study of transformer-based language models on extractive question answering, 2021

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.413242Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation c759a87e-ba0d-4ba1-887f-14894a23585c · outbound

This paper cites Is ChatGPT a General-Purpose Natural Language Processing Task Solver?, Nov.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Is ChatGPT a General-Purpose Natural Language Processing Task Solver?, Nov

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.401865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 4cf9cc01-70d8-4ce3-811f-fa65e0081056 · outbound

This paper cites Know what you don’t know: Unanswer- able questions for squad, 2018.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Know what you don’t know: Unanswer- able questions for squad, 2018

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.390984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 553fed6a-c834-408f-95b5-2f5e43cb5100 · outbound

This paper cites Know What You Don't Know: Unanswerable Questions for SQuAD.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Know What You Don't Know: Unanswerable Questions for SQuAD

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.048987Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2d6f1c80-f94e-4cd7-8bf0-5d1c3cce44cf · outbound

This paper cites Squad: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text, 2016.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Squad: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text, 2016

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.380614Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation dee8eab7-8596-4a7b-be34-cb3d3aea51cf · outbound

This paper cites S.Comparative analysis of transformer based models for question answering.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: S.Comparative analysis of transformer based models for question answering

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.369055Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 96c80d0e-13e3-46d4-88a4-f7410f42d542 · outbound

This paper cites Distilbert, a distilled version of bert: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter, 2020.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Distilbert, a distilled version of bert: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter, 2020

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.357326Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 22554f3a-1f6e-49df-bd0f-de277a67f705 · outbound

This paper cites Can chatgpt replace traditional kbqa models? an in-depth analysis of the question answering performance of the gpt llm family, 2023.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Can chatgpt replace traditional kbqa models? an in-depth analysis of the question answering performance of the gpt llm family, 2023

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.346153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 454532cb-2a72-4818-9520-2d3ae869c139 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.334945Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 2e87863e-2b8d-498f-8bf0-c63d7f46f122 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-NER: Named Entity Recognition via Large Language Models.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: GPT-NER: Named Entity Recognition via Large Language Models

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.072965Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f31358aa-5b92-4d91-b003-0eecc04a1d94 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.324449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 0a144aee-a300-495f-b119-2c5e5262e9d0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.312790Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 160ce08c-fcb2-4fb8-9eac-c51695daca2e · outbound

This paper cites Instruction Tuning for Large Language Models: A Survey, Oct.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Instruction Tuning for Large Language Models: A Survey, Oct

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.301419Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 40f1c0c3-4f61-47c2-b8f1-95b09bb1aae6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.290208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 31e37ca1-2431-4328-a08f-fb698b99e112 · outbound

This paper cites E., and Stoica, I.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: E., and Stoica, I

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.278997Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 9990b3cc-7a35-4c52-8aaf-7b995315df22 · outbound

This paper cites Comparative analysis of state-of-the-art q&a models: Bert, roberta, distilbert, and albert on squad v2 dataset, 2024.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Comparative analysis of state-of-the-art q&a models: Bert, roberta, distilbert, and albert on squad v2 dataset, 2024

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.266697Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e2ebbbfa-569e-41cb-b7a0-32cff9f453d8 · outbound

This paper cites The ideal response should be a exact repetition of the answer as it appears in the context, without any additions, modifications, or interpretations.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: The ideal response should be a exact repetition of the answer as it appears in the context, without any additions, modifications, or interpretations

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.232356Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 02e408b0-a69e-4339-9f2f-923e1c76655a · outbound

This paper cites unanswerable.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: unanswerable

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.255324Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation eefc3e6b-ea2e-466b-bf24-6253fb998297 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.243669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 106bae45-206d-4811-a57d-a8b4a4490246 · outbound

This paper cites The ideal response should be a exact repetition of the answer as it appears in the context, without any additions, modifications, or interpretations.

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.219898Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 56937f97-7ed9-44c4-a7cb-0820a2002fec · outbound

This paper cites Is ChatGPT a General-Purpose Natural Language Processing Task Solver?.

Question: How do Large Language Models perform on the Question Answering tasks? Answer: Is ChatGPT a General-Purpose Natural Language Processing Task Solver?

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T13:40:20.041517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.