Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 35 of 35 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.00166.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.00166 v1

Coverage vector

measured 35 of 35 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.843438Z

measured 40 of 40 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 5 of 5 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T05:03:44.352631Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-04T06:39:36.878631Z

Reference resolution

35 of 35 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy16
unresolved17
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 3bd9337a-61a6-4014-b559-9d43eff35bac · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the anti-phishing working groups 2nd annual eCrime researchers summit.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models In: Proceedings of the anti-phishing working groups 2nd annual eCrime researchers summit

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.358373Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation e5665290-d908-40ee-8f38-e2d59826bca8 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.717192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 552e6cf2-c4d1-43e9-8994-a2a33a384b7e · outbound

This paper cites Advances in Engineering Software 173, 103288 (Nov 2022).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Advances in Engineering Software 173, 103288 (Nov 2022)

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.721515Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e8c075b-5c51-4609-8f54-4fea9e387030 · outbound

This paper cites PaLM 2 Technical Report.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models PaLM 2 Technical Report

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.725982Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2835eb15-3c4e-4639-af4f-da2ff397cca7 · outbound

This paper cites Advances in neural information processing systems 33, 1877–1901 (2020).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Advances in neural information processing systems 33, 1877–1901 (2020)

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.730103Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bf42fdd4-64f7-4cac-86a1-697566abe85e · outbound

This paper cites ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (2023).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (2023)

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.340641Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c9537c7a-20a5-4ad9-9dff-178e71a610ea · outbound

This paper cites In: International work- shop on multiple classifier systems.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models In: International work- shop on multiple classifier systems

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.737874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fe271030-bd91-4ac3-93be-e73ea712f1d2 · outbound

This paper cites Nature Machine Intelligence 5(3), 220–235 (2023).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Nature Machine Intelligence 5(3), 220–235 (2023)

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.322662Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c31bd3c2-be97-4060-8b28-beb3c376f841 · outbound

This paper cites Comparing BERT against traditional machine learning text classification.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Comparing BERT against traditional machine learning text classification

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.744951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b35ae4a-2e3c-4355-bf8d-b0ad4680133b · outbound

This paper cites In: 2013 international conference on control communication and computing (ICCC).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models In: 2013 international conference on control communication and computing (ICCC)

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.311358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 8e787b75-84ac-41f7-8dc2-9ab93015309a · outbound

This paper cites In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models In: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.301005Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation fb65b010-92d2-45c3-86e1-55094c18e8c1 · outbound

This paper cites In: Security and Privacy in Communication Networks: 13th International Conference, SecureComm 2017, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, October 22–25, 2017, Proceedings 13.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models In: Security and Privacy in Communication Networks: 13th International Conference, SecureComm 2017, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, October 22–25, 2017, Proceedings 13

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.289995Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 2bfe76a6-adeb-46b6-8760-cd4dae116b32 · outbound

This paper cites Challenges and Applications of Large Language Models.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Challenges and Applications of Large Language Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.759836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b0944316-a823-4485-9e0a-5b848536179e · outbound

This paper cites Pattern Analysis & Applications 6, 22–31 (2003) 14 F.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Pattern Analysis & Applications 6, 22–31 (2003) 14 F

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.278116Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 0886787b-a93a-4f64-a780-87a26f911505 · outbound

This paper cites URLNet: Learning a URL Representation with Deep Learning for Malicious URL Detection.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models URLNet: Learning a URL Representation with Deep Learning for Malicious URL Detection

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.767998Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ce6d6764-bb67-4378-a9a3-b84c34003bf4 · outbound

This paper cites International Journal of Computer Applications 181(23), 45– 47 (Oct 2018).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models International Journal of Computer Applications 181(23), 45– 47 (Oct 2018)

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.898904Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation af0b652b-daee-45c4-a08b-cb05305fd9a4 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 11(4), 458–471 (2014).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 11(4), 458–471 (2014)

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.266797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation fb8ad9e4-54d7-4346-9d67-34c4071d6c69 · outbound

This paper cites In: International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models In: International Conference on Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.255354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation ca60839f-6907-4780-a6e1-fb973677c47f · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the ACL 2010 conference short papers.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models In: Proceedings of the ACL 2010 conference short papers

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.244613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation ea16649b-e079-4cb6-8980-6cad0e12b222 · outbound

This paper cites In: Futuristic Trends in Networks and Computing Technologies: Se- lect Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on FTNCT 2021.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models In: Futuristic Trends in Networks and Computing Technologies: Se- lect Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on FTNCT 2021

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.233956Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c7e13712-1db9-4aa4-8207-6c7cfc737dfb · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Access (2024).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models IEEE Access (2024)

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.790473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 138e3b64-a22f-4cbd-8327-1279071036bb · outbound

This paper cites Internet of Things and Cyber- Physical Systems (2023).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Internet of Things and Cyber- Physical Systems (2023)

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.216116Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 0bec4f44-feaa-42e8-ba9d-da05aedbc9b7 · outbound

This paper cites Expert Systems with Applications 117, 345–357 (Mar 2019).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Expert Systems with Applications 117, 345–357 (Mar 2019)

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.797535Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3321b2e5-f832-484a-8546-df7b56a05466 · outbound

This paper cites In: 2020 International Conference on Communications, Computing, Cybersecurity, and Informatics (CCCI).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models In: 2020 International Conference on Communications, Computing, Cybersecurity, and Informatics (CCCI)

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.204668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f07909b7-c7c0-42b5-b9bc-5df74a1dcb77 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.804497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fe67cf67-d0c7-463e-94db-8e680648442a · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.808001Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5923979d-68b9-4bcb-8ea3-458c1564f5e0 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.812178Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ae79573f-fe21-4444-adb4-2bd8db301d50 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the Efficacy of Prompt-Engineered Large Multimodal Models Versus Fine-Tuned Vision Transformers in Image-Based Security Applications.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Evaluating the Efficacy of Prompt-Engineered Large Multimodal Models Versus Fine-Tuned Vision Transformers in Image-Based Security Applications

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.816350Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d7fe7f00-5846-4c86-b883-962104e635f0 · outbound

This paper cites Machine Learning and Knowledge Extrac- tion 6(1), 367–384 (2024).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Machine Learning and Knowledge Extrac- tion 6(1), 367–384 (2024)

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.186562Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation e810e55d-d42e-4772-a3da-e5d38aa6aefb · outbound

This paper cites Advances in neural information pro- cessing systems 30 (2017) Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with LLMs 15.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Advances in neural information pro- cessing systems 30 (2017) Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with LLMs 15

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.174568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 860245f4-c9c8-481c-a2f9-cbc39f33a9b0 · outbound

This paper cites Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.827643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e858b11d-fb67-4c03-b3a9-f73e705a2d5f · outbound

This paper cites Computer Networks 178, 107275 (Sep 2020).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Computer Networks 178, 107275 (Sep 2020)

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.831671Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 920b3746-8500-43f5-ac6f-9cc397f5c17b · outbound

This paper cites A Comprehensive Capability Analysis of GPT-3 and GPT-3.5 Series Models.

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models A Comprehensive Capability Analysis of GPT-3 and GPT-3.5 Series Models

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.835634Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d3738c40-6828-48ce-8a08-d110c79025c8 · outbound

This paper cites Neurocomputing 557, 126708 (2023).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Neurocomputing 557, 126708 (2023)

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:34.163286Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 8aabce6f-3bf5-4612-bc4e-cf3467e0b20e · outbound

This paper cites Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences 7(1), 17 (Jun 2017).

To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences 7(1), 17 (Jun 2017)

Reference 35

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-12T05:54:33.878166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation cbc503ac-be35-4202-85ca-a68fe3ccdee3 · inbound

Optimal Query Allocation in Extractive QA with LLMs: A Learning-to-Defer Framework with Theoretical Guarantees cites this paper.

Optimal Query Allocation in Extractive QA with LLMs: A Learning-to-Defer Framework with Theoretical Guarantees To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-23T18:53:21.463541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation a4a889ec-d377-4670-99b8-29f2bc8ed743 · inbound

Large Multimodal Agents for Accurate Phishing Detection with Enhanced Token Optimization and Cost Reduction cites this paper.

Large Multimodal Agents for Accurate Phishing Detection with Enhanced Token Optimization and Cost Reduction To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:42:15.199205Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f0da3e70-0720-4af6-b3aa-05069aec29d5 · inbound

DNB-AI-Project at SemEval-2025 Task 5: An LLM-Ensemble Approach for Automated Subject Indexing cites this paper.

DNB-AI-Project at SemEval-2025 Task 5: An LLM-Ensemble Approach for Automated Subject Indexing To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:03:44.352631Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd2e68e9-e608-4969-9663-a67ad559edbb · inbound

ShinkaEvolve: Towards Open-Ended And Sample-Efficient Program Evolution cites this paper.

ShinkaEvolve: Towards Open-Ended And Sample-Efficient Program Evolution To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models

Reference 140

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T13:58:58.925169Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f9126600-b318-434d-823e-923f6398d965 · inbound

Sakana Fugu Technical Report cites this paper.

Sakana Fugu Technical Report To Ensemble or Not: Assessing Majority Voting Strategies for Phishing Detection with Large Language Models

Reference 175

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T06:39:36.880893Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.