Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 37 of 37 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:1908.04366.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1908.04366 v1

Coverage vector

measured 37 of 37 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.479464Z

measured 38 of 38 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.258120Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.640461Z

Reference resolution

37 of 37 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy33
unresolved2
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation eadbe9e7-6e82-4c75-b9ac-3063c4f2d0be · outbound

This paper cites Methodological Issues in Observational Studies.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Methodological Issues in Observational Studies

Reference 1

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.646573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5526a562-df58-48b1-93d1-186c72c76e1e · outbound

This paper cites observations.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies observations

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.155681Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation a86ba603-0191-48c9-989a-8024a849c657 · outbound

This paper cites The second RQ, concerning the applicability of analysis techniques, is answered in steps 2 and 3.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies The second RQ, concerning the applicability of analysis techniques, is answered in steps 2 and 3

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.144371Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation bd019c86-32ca-4534-8db9-1b58e583fed9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.132392Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation d3b0c72a-50fb-45ed-a02e-8d2d4aea03f4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.121141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 0b9b9814-db9f-4d3d-a173-3e0f2f24e01a · outbound

This paper cites A spiral model of software development and enhancement,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies A spiral model of software development and enhancement,

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.109661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 9d2f240a-43e8-49c0-8290-d5eaaf5e1c40 · outbound

This paper cites Manifesto for agile software development,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Manifesto for agile software development,

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.098097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation f92228f4-a576-446c-b586-b2e941c32a1a · outbound

This paper cites Lean software development,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Lean software development,

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.086906Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 23bb5280-8e1d-4959-abec-f86be3289b19 · outbound

This paper cites Boston, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., 2002.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Boston, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc., 2002

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.075591Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 4a115392-11a6-4c7e-9629-419c2da9d71b · outbound

This paper cites Dynamic fault tree models: Techniques for analysis of advanced fault tolerant computer systems,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Dynamic fault tree models: Techniques for analysis of advanced fault tolerant computer systems,

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.064084Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 2d8a8d06-90f9-49e6-a872-d7929e0eb78e · outbound

This paper cites Experimentation in software engineering,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Experimentation in software engineering,

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.617601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 3002da9b-af67-4cc6-8065-bf7ec264d78d · outbound

This paper cites Reporting experiments in software engineering,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Reporting experiments in software engineering,

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.051301Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 9fe2be48-7cb8-4aeb-9aa3-61f1e42e80b4 · outbound

This paper cites Guidelines for conducting and reporting case study research in software engineering,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Guidelines for conducting and reporting case study research in software engineering,

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.038157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 51296536-1961-465b-b711-f4203095870a · outbound

This paper cites Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering,

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.026067Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation c98050d5-a37c-4588-9689-5f496c30f78b · outbound

This paper cites Guidelines for including grey literature and conducting multivocal literature reviews in software engineering,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Guidelines for including grey literature and conducting multivocal literature reviews in software engineering,

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.014292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 2fda366b-f72f-4d98-a444-956fa184f865 · outbound

This paper cites A longitudinal cohort study on the retainment of test-driven development,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies A longitudinal cohort study on the retainment of test-driven development,

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:57.001378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation aa57134a-a989-4339-a7ee-a8c151470e83 · outbound

This paper cites A reﬂection on diversity and inclusivity eﬀorts in a software engineering program,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies A reﬂection on diversity and inclusivity eﬀorts in a software engineering program,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.989234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation bdbf3504-2ecf-4bff-94ae-bef8d746dfcb · outbound

This paper cites Statistics for epidemiology. nicholas p jewell. boca raton: Chapman & hall/crc, 2004, pp. 352,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Statistics for epidemiology. nicholas p jewell. boca raton: Chapman & hall/crc, 2004, pp. 352,

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.975752Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation cbfc115a-7567-482c-bf49-41558b0a921d · outbound

This paper cites Introducing evidence-based medicine to plastic and reconstructive surgery,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Introducing evidence-based medicine to plastic and reconstructive surgery,

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.960981Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 66815d5d-a4d5-4776-b9b6-1f5d3df1f41a · outbound

This paper cites Observational studies: cohort and case-control studies,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Observational studies: cohort and case-control studies,

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.946951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 14bb8d1e-d50c-49a2-a699-5a9dc286d114 · outbound

This paper cites A comparison of observational studies and randomized, controlled trials,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies A comparison of observational studies and randomized, controlled trials,

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.927320Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 6e9be519-4522-4770-98f5-09e5407d38e9 · outbound

This paper cites Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy of research designs,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Randomized, controlled trials, observational studies, and the hierarchy of research designs,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.913877Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 571947a0-86f1-4c14-bcab-0533869041f5 · outbound

This paper cites Introduction to epidemiology: Ray m. merrill, thomas c. timmreck,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Introduction to epidemiology: Ray m. merrill, thomas c. timmreck,

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.898875Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 3d3126a2-ca23-4569-b45d-88cdbdefb493 · outbound

This paper cites Cohort studies: marching towards outcomes,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Cohort studies: marching towards outcomes,

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.884559Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation a277d9e9-b33b-4587-8de4-4d307c4c6150 · outbound

This paper cites A history of epidemiologic methods and concepts. vol. 1,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies A history of epidemiologic methods and concepts. vol. 1,

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.871217Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5bea6524-14d4-48d1-99c6-03a788c95ade · outbound

This paper cites Case-control studies: research in reverse,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Case-control studies: research in reverse,

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.854030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation e1676891-474f-42c3-9a56-31ecfd3a0014 · outbound

This paper cites Study design iii: Cross-sectional studies,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Study design iii: Cross-sectional studies,

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.840476Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 50897348-22a5-422f-b8bf-67dc01d2f547 · outbound

This paper cites Evolution of statistical analysis in empirical software engineering research: Current state and steps forward,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Evolution of statistical analysis in empirical software engineering research: Current state and steps forward,

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.818775Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation f0d9b3f0-519b-4bfa-a1fc-908209ec508d · outbound

This paper cites STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology – Molecular Epidemiology (STROBE-ME): An extension of the STROBE statement,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology – Molecular Epidemiology (STROBE-ME): An extension of the STROBE statement,

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.799095Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation e802532d-38ca-4eba-8363-f3f16a5bb8c2 · outbound

This paper cites On the diﬀuseness of code technical debt in open source projects of the apache ecosystem,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies On the diﬀuseness of code technical debt in open source projects of the apache ecosystem,

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.785884Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 91a0fd1a-e2ad-4431-b328-0a8f925f6a3f · outbound

This paper cites A dynamical quality model to continuously monitor software maintenance,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies A dynamical quality model to continuously monitor software maintenance,

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.767907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b70de2aa-acc6-458b-aaf2-e4a909424408 · outbound

This paper cites Towards surgically-precise technical debt estimation: Early results and research roadmap,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies Towards surgically-precise technical debt estimation: Early results and research roadmap,

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.748428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation ff66f99e-427d-4b82-8ae6-4ab021486930 · outbound

This paper cites On the fault proneness of sonarqube technical debt violations: A comparison of eight machine learning techniques,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies On the fault proneness of sonarqube technical debt violations: A comparison of eight machine learning techniques,

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.732659Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 91673b99-3a7e-4dd7-a2aa-009f99736c3a · outbound

This paper cites A continuous software quality monitoring approach for small and medium enterprises,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies A continuous software quality monitoring approach for small and medium enterprises,

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.711171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5cefb8d4-bb50-4ef2-a9bd-bdfe9bffb168 · outbound

This paper cites When do changes induce ﬁxes?.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies When do changes induce ﬁxes?

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.694620Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 9723e2b1-f253-44a9-a88f-4ed9fd35094f · outbound

This paper cites On the diﬀuseness of code technical debt in java projects of the apache ecosystem,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies On the diﬀuseness of code technical debt in java projects of the apache ecosystem,

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.676990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 6f74d85b-45c8-44ea-a208-06b1fbf80c38 · outbound

This paper cites The technical debt dataset,.

Methodological Issues in Observational Studies The technical debt dataset,

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:46:56.661799Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation eadbe9e7-6e82-4c75-b9ac-3063c4f2d0be · inbound