Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.21040.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2504.21040 v1

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.761296Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy24
unresolved6
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation eb5bd394-4d2c-48ba-87ff-60bfa1ecbff2 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.633852Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7dea6137-b071-4ee1-ad3d-96a1647cbac5 · outbound

This paper cites Transport reviews 40(2), 183–203 (2020).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Transport reviews 40(2), 183–203 (2020)

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.205921Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 5481164c-79c6-4893-a4e8-14323e1bc6f2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.194350Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 1a2d9e95-9c0d-4231-9840-c5ce40925a10 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.183785Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation bcb42c14-fae8-4aae-a246-0f8cf29fe423 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.650622Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d05c986d-fe29-41e8-8196-9a7af4f6426c · outbound

This paper cites Landscape and Urban Planning 215, 104217 (2021).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Landscape and Urban Planning 215, 104217 (2021)

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.162804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 215429c9-52f8-428d-8be9-95abe65e0c5a · outbound

This paper cites Trunfio, G.: Enhancing urban walkability assessment with multimodal large language models.

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Trunfio, G.: Enhancing urban walkability assessment with multimodal large language models

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.148788Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 9c4e2552-9771-4513-963a-5f0e43ed851d · outbound

This paper cites doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28236869.v1 (2025).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28236869.v1 (2025)

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.796320Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f06a5d0a-3518-4760-bc96-4b5c5c1f27c8 · outbound

This paper cites Applied Sciences 13(7), 4408 (2023).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Applied Sciences 13(7), 4408 (2023)

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.136278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation afef4a3c-aaec-4df3-9386-0a3891db9951 · outbound

This paper cites Journal of Urban design 14(1), 65–84 (2009).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Journal of Urban design 14(1), 65–84 (2009)

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.122322Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 51cda163-311a-4810-b92d-ef1e2f16f0fe · outbound

This paper cites Landscape ecology 33, 323–340 (2018).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Landscape ecology 33, 323–340 (2018)

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.109362Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 6fc58da1-06d9-4ba0-9f83-b47f636e2b40 · outbound

This paper cites International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 16(7), 660–679 (2022).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels International Journal of Sustainable Transportation 16(7), 660–679 (2022)

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.096418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 911ab08a-4213-4f1e-a832-39e88437b61a · outbound

This paper cites British journal of sports medicine 44(13), 924–933 (2010).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels British journal of sports medicine 44(13), 924–933 (2010)

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.082065Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation f59ef40b-92a7-478f-82a4-fa56c9165350 · outbound

This paper cites The lancet 388(10062), 2912–2924 (2016).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels The lancet 388(10062), 2912–2924 (2016)

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.068328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 96db9882-1f97-4ddd-96da-4a4f2b1cb095 · outbound

This paper cites Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 113, 102178 (2024).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 113, 102178 (2024)

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.055423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 0f8a4dee-182b-4a66-b354-ec27e8131cfa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.043560Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 9f9d38ab-edd9-4c48-a2ca-c79021c5530d · outbound

This paper cites Buildings 15(1), 113 (2024).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Buildings 15(1), 113 (2024)

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.029896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 24c6a59d-1873-49b8-951a-077b830fe5f5 · outbound

This paper cites Vintage Canada (2010).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Vintage Canada (2010)

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:50:00.015181Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a697d1f8-d77f-4561-9bbf-e17119e787ec · outbound

This paper cites Journal of transport geography 112, 103646 (2023).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Journal of transport geography 112, 103646 (2023)

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.996427Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 11b15c8c-a3ea-411c-afd8-5a350032fc89 · outbound

This paper cites Journal of the American Heart Association 9(12), e016152 (2020).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Journal of the American Heart Association 9(12), e016152 (2020)

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.986362Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 215f0a61-5ac9-4fed-bbab-ece8cab5d41a · outbound

This paper cites Transportation 46, 2347–2379 (2019).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Transportation 46, 2347–2379 (2019)

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.974544Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 7f36ec3a-b1a5-4eff-a20a-6abb037e763c · outbound

This paper cites Journal of transport & health 18, 100880 (2020).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Journal of transport & health 18, 100880 (2020)

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.961106Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 616800bb-6d3c-4585-8a9b-fdbad1cbf4cb · outbound

This paper cites What can LLM tell us about cities?.

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels What can LLM tell us about cities?

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.815763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 0b229db6-867a-48a5-841c-0ab38977459b · outbound

This paper cites Cities 150, 105022 (2024) Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length 13.

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Cities 150, 105022 (2024) Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length 13

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.948660Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 81475af1-1051-461d-b2c3-9f0182273fde · outbound

This paper cites In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Spatial Big Data and AI for Industrial Applications.

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Spatial Big Data and AI for Industrial Applications

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.935865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a6b41666-6b24-44f6-85a7-426c6b48f13f · outbound

This paper cites Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 117, 102243 (2025).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 117, 102243 (2025)

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.923097Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 564bd551-7278-4a01-abf8-f044465efe6f · outbound

This paper cites International journal of environmental research and public health 11(1), 527–536 (2014).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels International journal of environmental research and public health 11(1), 527–536 (2014)

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.910548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation a925b725-90f3-4e0b-b2f5-0ea6df458e99 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.894323Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation badd05f7-6691-4551-a781-40fd1fe1bd49 · outbound

This paper cites Bulletin of Geography.

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Bulletin of Geography

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.880633Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation c6529bca-50e3-43a4-9dde-df063023cb30 · outbound

This paper cites Travel Behaviour and Society 39, 100983 (2025).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Travel Behaviour and Society 39, 100983 (2025)

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.866695Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 71d4369b-7889-4598-a2cb-2abdbeeb53dd · outbound

This paper cites Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 64, 288–296 (2017).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 64, 288–296 (2017)

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.853183Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Observation 97d698c7-f349-499d-a63a-9c73fb71044b · outbound

This paper cites Annals of the American Association of Geographers 114(5), 876–897 (2024).

Can a Large Language Model Assess Urban Design Quality? Evaluating Walkability Metrics Across Expertise Levels Annals of the American Association of Geographers 114(5), 876–897 (2024)

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:49:59.842199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.