Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:37.681322Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset
As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.23030.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
43 of 43 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy31
- unresolved10
- parse uncertain1
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch1
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 402be7c2-7f59-4277-9bd5-c0a498b86655 · outbound
This paper cites No appreciable pneumothorax on the left.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset No appreciable pneumothorax on the left
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:44.966508Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5c047ba4-9182-4388-ba3d-1cd00ff273e1 · outbound
This paper cites 22, Mar 3.
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:44.728431Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 22754f76-e274-49ad-91aa-b6f2d01d4ca1 · outbound
This paper cites The European Journal of Public Health, 2016.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset The European Journal of Public Health, 2016
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:44.490375Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 3d5385ca-6d20-4fd9-8780-5e965bc51163 · outbound
This paper cites Journal of biomedical informatics, 2018.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset Journal of biomedical informatics, 2018
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:44.352687Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 24511e5a-33fc-4792-9cab-ad408746312d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:44.153459Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation efde20b8-501a-4709-b289-9d9c4837c091 · outbound
This paper cites J Intell Connect Emerg Technol, 2023.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset J Intell Connect Emerg Technol, 2023
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:43.985506Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation c34bf699-ffbf-46a5-ba87-ffdf8bae76eb · outbound
This paper cites 2020, Oct 14.
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:43.832829Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d5d4ae7c-926d-42e3-9951-673ba4e92789 · outbound
This paper cites Journal of biomedical informatics,.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset Journal of biomedical informatics,
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:43.592654Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 8542c36b-ebcb-4bb3-9f3f-1d819e9e8211 · outbound
This paper cites Selden, and R.
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:43.419293Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 75f6359b-5898-4019-a50f-0c63eb515485 · outbound
This paper cites RSNA, 2016.
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:43.209956Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d4d7c7fc-2753-4a6a-9e15-4a549872f6ff · outbound
This paper cites American Journal of Infection Control, 2024.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset American Journal of Infection Control, 2024
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:43.048312Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 865e7fea-8aa7-4fe5-8f37-815f949dc94e · outbound
This paper cites CTS, 2020.
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:42.862104Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation bdd32c67-e174-450c-b354-7c45b827da53 · outbound
This paper cites Health and Technology, 2022.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset Health and Technology, 2022
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:42.696308Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b8170ef6-9ea2-439d-a543-6b2ade6da53b · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Reference 14
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:42.577173Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 6fa29659-84cf-4634-961c-45d5ce159dd4 · outbound
This paper cites JMIR Med Inform, 2019.
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:42.378352Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation df30987c-35b3-4236-b77e-463ecac21623 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:42.191922Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d75b2394-c725-4289-a578-4b21b24efb87 · outbound
This paper cites Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, Illia Polosukhin, Attention Is All You Need.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset Gomez, Lukasz Kaiser, Illia Polosukhin, Attention Is All You Need
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:41.993864Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b5161308-9602-419d-9baf-6eaa5a279a21 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Reference 18
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:41.791952Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 16393c65-4d40-4557-8b30-f458ef5a9443 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Reference 19
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:41.566098Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 9b3162a6-5ed3-40f7-8ba2-d021c489d5e3 · outbound
This paper cites American Journal of Roentgenology,.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset American Journal of Roentgenology,
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:41.417220Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 8608f097-af1a-4222-a0cb-bb675a10c65e · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:40.829992Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation f0a76ca2-59aa-4d5a-b806-5d9d90b8938e · outbound
This paper cites Paparo, and G.
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:41.044741Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d4c664a5-c047-4bb5-8a15-6eda8b04c19f · outbound
This paper cites 79(930): p.
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:40.410756Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 1c876eb1-579a-403f-a86c-11e23179cce4 · outbound
This paper cites World journal of radiology, 2014.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset World journal of radiology, 2014
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:40.581878Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 8d453a03-a4f8-466b-90b5-d4e3803d43ed · outbound
This paper cites IEEE Access, 2020.
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:40.121369Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 47fa91b4-ffaa-44e5-901a-ad7743a046aa · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Reference 26
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:40.270085Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 81bffedb-7044-4e63-9dd2-39f86835cd4a · outbound
This paper cites Mong, Safwan S.
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:39.872370Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 3a3c3f3d-c57c-4c58-9616-e8972de7216b · outbound
This paper cites Nature biomedical engineering, 2022.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset Nature biomedical engineering, 2022
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:40.004075Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e8c281b6-4154-430b-bd45-b07c6b6ee886 · outbound
This paper cites RoentGen: Vision-Language Foundation Model for Chest X-ray Generation.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset RoentGen: Vision-Language Foundation Model for Chest X-ray Generation
Reference 29
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:36.507506Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 50ead70e-e1fa-4f7d-83cf-be99d0830b5d · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Reference 30
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:39.726108Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation af285a14-3cdb-4e75-84d0-3e6e593b1422 · outbound
This paper cites Chexpert++: Approximating the chexpert labeler for speed, differentiability, and probabilistic output.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset Chexpert++: Approximating the chexpert labeler for speed, differentiability, and probabilistic output
Reference 31
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:39.575407Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d50ee9ba-4e18-4112-b616-4c2813150dc5 · outbound
This paper cites Post-hoc Orthogonalization for Mitigation of Protected Feature Bias in CXR Embeddings.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset Post-hoc Orthogonalization for Mitigation of Protected Feature Bias in CXR Embeddings
Reference 32
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:37.825676Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 3ad718af-ca6c-4540-af0d-b157b72e67fc · outbound
This paper cites Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 2010.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 2010
Reference 33
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:39.273605Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 72664676-b55d-4238-8c51-34511e4f52b0 · outbound
This paper cites Effective mapping of biomedical text to the UMLS Metathesaurus: the MetaMap program.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset Effective mapping of biomedical text to the UMLS Metathesaurus: the MetaMap program
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:39.423667Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation df3e0519-3ef3-4413-9b72-a0cd95b1c025 · outbound
This paper cites https://aws.amazon.com/comprehend/medical/.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset https://aws.amazon.com/comprehend/medical/
Reference 35
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:39.019232Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation f9c557aa-f9cb-4599-be91-f3a800465ea6 · outbound
This paper cites Clinical entity extraction: comparison between MetaMap, cTAKES, CLAMP and Amazon Comprehend Medical.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset Clinical entity extraction: comparison between MetaMap, cTAKES, CLAMP and Amazon Comprehend Medical
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:39.143278Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation fab3649e-a3aa-4dba-98a9-e56afb9b147e · outbound
This paper cites Microsoft Azure.
Reference 37
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:38.760554Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 518e2e7e-555b-4854-8e7c-35f484914652 · outbound
This paper cites Google Cloud.
Reference 38
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:38.869501Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation a3d57941-dabf-4a27-8473-c9ced04553fc · outbound
This paper cites Ng, Matthew P.
Reference 39
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:38.412715Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation cbe93979-2834-478b-a273-d01700635f42 · outbound
This paper cites John Snow Labs.
Reference 40
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:38.614349Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 80fdfb0c-f3c7-4a84-a7c1-cd739cf2d3b7 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Reference 41
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:38.064809Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 2cb3185f-468d-4fd5-8b62-01c20306bffa · outbound
This paper cites Sleeman, Jatinder Palta, Rishabh Kapoor, Preetam Ghosh, A Survey on Recent Named Entity Recognition and Relationship Extraction Techniques on Clinical Texts.
Can Modern NLP Systems Reliably Annotate Chest Radiography Exams? A Pre-Purchase Evaluation and Comparative Study of Solutions from AWS, Google, Azure, John Snow Labs, and Open-Source Models on an Independent Pediatric Dataset Sleeman, Jatinder Palta, Rishabh Kapoor, Preetam Ghosh, A Survey on Recent Named Entity Recognition and Relationship Extraction Techniques on Clinical Texts
Reference 42
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:38.225363Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 603d1a64-38e8-4b00-81ca-553c44af966e · outbound
This paper cites 1207-1212.
Reference 2019
- Resolution
- parse uncertain
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:41.201203Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.