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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 52 of 52 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2508.09584.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2508.09584 v2

Coverage vector

measured 52 of 52 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.950461Z

measured 52 of 52 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

52 of 52 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy0
  • unresolved51
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation bf84e572-6857-4e44-9af6-52e32275a741 · outbound

This paper cites Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phone

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.716984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.716984Z digest=sha256:fb0392b11a097a8098cd3f2a4fb96ddaaf4e0dfe37b44ccf778321e5e09d4a6a

Observation 3f4f6fda-e87a-4992-bd53-10b376434a6d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.864777Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.722056Z digest=sha256:8d0288b7ccbce23bc37e54766a6714c768084430a89885d1019c1ca50574ac8c

Observation 2f061fd8-78b7-4d13-b002-e7cc9f16598a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.844730Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.726862Z digest=sha256:fbf4625512683e8add11097701153cdd0c25cfe5b135320c773eb21299772e38

Observation 1caa85e6-4877-44bb-8d12-bd900a3bed81 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyond.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyond

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.732650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.732650Z digest=sha256:721440c5aac0bba74a2109cc952fc0882784704916cc54200c26cdd0c6a495f0

Observation 6d23b856-f641-4779-a40f-1a8d75d5d3ac · outbound

This paper cites Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Hallucination of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.738548Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.738548Z digest=sha256:ea9c36b485a9c9e69713d03e7d4c7e498121a27d8c2237158f084df3f471962c

Observation fe4f39d6-fc0f-4c95-8a4a-aa85b36a7bda · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.829661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.743654Z digest=sha256:5d4d6a5673625e3edf495c37decb9e98c16f2f232d3f403bf86cf2104e8f2997

Observation 9e545a5a-e912-4e5f-bcbe-47d43a62370a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.748811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.748811Z digest=sha256:28a71f89a99fec0b3291868e12810509aac5c565774718a043e00ec4aaa45a38

Observation c8da8b56-cac0-4ecc-9cb7-c68ad3ac901e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.805208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.757789Z digest=sha256:bed2d06b9aa6ddee3be4f1d7be9b82f7c7b61e3f3073bd4f2385f043a3528629

Observation fad18707-b9a2-47ab-9fd5-cd3af37c50be · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.791167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.762062Z digest=sha256:e1696f67df92237177d3cb9a245a573abc9f6a6170ec18f1aa22617b96038702

Observation 13f17e2d-0916-4c51-80a4-912fa921bc38 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.777733Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.766720Z digest=sha256:9f43cb4d7c90fadeb54a9d4ea1b6b83e61ccdf5381f2f49edd1b93562b984ef2

Observation b9fdc96d-8dbf-4b51-9c82-b056487c700e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.764091Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.771599Z digest=sha256:99479865fc4b934410f6fbebb13e59c7e4675e50ba838ab21cbe9985ab36ecb9

Observation 43077d48-ec48-4de7-b220-1d89733b4c0f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.750779Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.776143Z digest=sha256:09fe9c163f494bb7516ef0a4505bf80107f754d7b2ae59a860157bfae004cfab

Observation cc5776fa-72a9-4def-a0ac-1f2976b020cc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.737666Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.780514Z digest=sha256:a4209a504292cee1df6f732cb98e7e6edc9592255f5d80fb1433ff3839ba1263

Observation 73766bf4-c3d3-4cd3-93c7-c24aa7fc3e41 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.724597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.784695Z digest=sha256:651c62266b2bcfa692922702201d7b95e194bbf260691ca3480dae9f0b2e074f

Observation b8ce315f-da5d-4f72-82c5-f5e1fd4bd4cf · outbound

This paper cites InternLM-XComposer2: Mastering Free-form Text-Image Composition and Comprehension in Vision-Language Large Model.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs InternLM-XComposer2: Mastering Free-form Text-Image Composition and Comprehension in Vision-Language Large Model

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.789352Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.789352Z digest=sha256:5dc17d6ff4ca6be7a31bbe811dffea6ae6b34d51403b394e3def33d6716a1a51

Observation 4fe664ff-7425-472e-9bcc-746af1962d6f · outbound

This paper cites ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.793740Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.793740Z digest=sha256:490cc340dcb465d192db727be8b55957b158373be38140014ce9685867700761

Observation 7cfe6aaa-ca19-4d77-b36e-68e59879d55d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.710719Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.798853Z digest=sha256:a655520e5eb56fdf37cd6cec4e6827131b47458ff432b6dfaa68c022fd7b75ce

Observation 25b140cf-0a92-4d3b-a818-38e492c853a3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.659368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.803487Z digest=sha256:7902ae7cb0483b8f14a43966856030f29fe5890cee29646347da9c9ac35e9108

Observation 480248aa-9f42-44c6-b1c7-5a51cd0261b8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.595215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.807867Z digest=sha256:a8558c52c566eb080160978daffb1505d1da913a377ee88336928d066a8e07ad

Observation 5a756b33-16da-4241-9143-6dd2acdd6f3b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.537637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.811967Z digest=sha256:45520a6c9167246ac950fadaf557ea91518ff6f582faa60ce437ed7caf4148c4

Observation 915ca544-e355-4741-a394-17e05a4e2175 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.523176Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.816053Z digest=sha256:1d0007b95a04db5ab73d77a3cd558d73626de492dfbe628fd0d15a45c0e9626a

Observation 98d21b6b-5c25-4852-a52a-74a09f4d2142 · outbound

This paper cites SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehension.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehension

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.820074Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.820074Z digest=sha256:7852d96c59ca9ae9ae3051a5794a672d14e334e0cfc63068e0c83d12c3771283

Observation f0335b90-7531-4e5f-9af2-9d9c4bf9b542 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.507707Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.824825Z digest=sha256:54856fc520c9e59c6fce2be1f481718263eb42ce3b6352163d29d91ec2ed0704

Observation 25293c3b-d722-4d48-9213-c2610ef22ae9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.493058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.828858Z digest=sha256:d96cadcdc9e3bc44d97ed96c2dc0a93886a4c1e9f9dc22c2cd42e3ff382c7456

Observation eddb343b-dfb2-4710-939f-fbd3e9a3c69c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.478824Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.833622Z digest=sha256:54606b016e4e708fe3a6199e3eef52e1f2bd01c582ae058d348bc5570aa4c22b

Observation d7c5509e-1e90-4004-a536-e33f719cef5b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.464741Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.838762Z digest=sha256:681621292a46ddd2f2227b1c69144a93f4fbe7b3ec7c92b80bf2676dff086854

Observation dba439b2-2a1c-4a2d-aee4-cab421f0d5cb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.450843Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.843571Z digest=sha256:5e6c3a3096596c0e9e11311d1fb7c6025b4a6ed311167c0ebff5ffa326c1ff01

Observation 40dcf540-13a5-4959-a325-ca1119eb51b1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.848072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.848072Z digest=sha256:3a92ea409cffb7e5580331ca206b425cf70032160d51ea614d5cfb5e5b951671

Observation cd087f21-da4f-4efd-8026-e135418715f5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.414074Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.859662Z digest=sha256:752b2a518d12243e88a1ce95fed8c4ba8a01fa904c9eb1030ee1d40ecdbceb97

Observation 5fa0878b-cd7f-4bb3-9f84-d6c90946f94d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.399360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.864304Z digest=sha256:60b2a40a9d9e950b9a49b9d0a174f2365b3348d35b2093b89f9fd9fcaa9ad9d9

Observation 3fc10043-5954-4536-a79c-c4edadf8eb44 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.868457Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.868457Z digest=sha256:54dd6507ccd7c59f2dc36cfd70c7b859c24a672f6e880676688923caa2e8a0f4

Observation 3529db7b-9316-46b7-8bee-1b9645bcefcd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.359680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.878464Z digest=sha256:827475802887fb536119d558bef69496bec1e38dfa4f71309c5b2a73b82eb219

Observation 082fd50e-02e0-4b71-a528-7e9275eb52a5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.345618Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.882553Z digest=sha256:e8d2d24928334f70642ad17664e219435939d2f7957cac57f2f3b33e43e88e26

Observation 51214ed7-2eea-4891-8a04-67e477639f7c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.373387Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.872840Z digest=sha256:0915564eeefbea21aaacfd7f3b8e817b4e20e3bb02994551dd0779f5602acf66

Observation a780eb84-4afd-4e51-942e-e9611f7f229b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.332268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.891061Z digest=sha256:75ac5923811e3eded9fa57cae52b16260ea6b7c4f8de9f0c11bc9febd5d29dfd

Observation 6e5d5bb3-e3a9-4bb1-acda-e7edba12fd7d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.318710Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.895009Z digest=sha256:5f2e85227a62965ef4ace87ee2dfed23e3ee6cd28eac029cb4631ffd03530c2f

Observation 3c5ffe1c-0f43-4bbe-ab7b-e2510302299c · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Hallucination in Large Foundation Models.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs A Survey of Hallucination in Large Foundation Models

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.886601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.886601Z digest=sha256:267586f06bb11f9ff8b33361b8b48de3bed01fb053d2d44f4f260843e288c19d

Observation affc2308-9aa7-48b9-a23b-d18a1657460c · outbound

This paper cites EVA-CLIP: Improved Training Techniques for CLIP at Scale.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs EVA-CLIP: Improved Training Techniques for CLIP at Scale

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.903186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.903186Z digest=sha256:f7c4f9a6d7ca11749af962f0e115386a3be0059a50cf7c41f32ce781a5264811

Observation 98a3375c-3101-4af6-9f1b-0733d719296f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.287774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.907323Z digest=sha256:430b62377be0d3aeb4c6741ed87b22c8622f5ed388360fd84beed3640081edea

Observation d25fac17-4712-46f3-8d64-8d264b4c8dd0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.303553Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.899206Z digest=sha256:fef469aae51991b864df2fea66c54932f08040ac48b0bda6b86e11def381e08c

Observation 99c62565-55ca-4e6d-8643-fec15360054c · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-VL2: Mixture-of-Experts Vision-Language Models for Advanced Multimodal Understanding.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs DeepSeek-VL2: Mixture-of-Experts Vision-Language Models for Advanced Multimodal Understanding

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.915655Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.915655Z digest=sha256:0cc86657858f63c626d8680be92a63a2fe750d23d7fc2b9d2fb0a35f51a16405

Observation e3dbeac4-0f01-4c75-bedb-8776c5792b34 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.272911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.919875Z digest=sha256:7791ccb27197c347dfc71a0deb8ce25aee7ad4db65006da3020b95ac48457847

Observation 438cd640-75ce-4f27-b2f4-723bf4f42247 · outbound

This paper cites AMBER: An LLM-free Multi-dimensional Benchmark for MLLMs Hallucination Evaluation.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs AMBER: An LLM-free Multi-dimensional Benchmark for MLLMs Hallucination Evaluation

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.911363Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.911363Z digest=sha256:2be60c54334337ae444a1bebc4a25d9596e9e11d17be15932adbe4c1c51ade31

Observation b35c3fb3-ea52-443a-a1b4-af7c6ed589b8 · outbound

This paper cites MM-MoralBench: A MultiModal Moral Evaluation Benchmark for Large Vision-Language Models.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs MM-MoralBench: A MultiModal Moral Evaluation Benchmark for Large Vision-Language Models

Reference 44

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.048261Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.927846Z digest=sha256:1869b06a2e24dd414c84806cec2f9e3b63fc4d9731c895e0e2e0b63b89011198

Observation 66e7e325-eeb2-4db5-8cd6-c9f0d5cc9761 · outbound

This paper cites MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phone.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phone

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.932290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.932290Z digest=sha256:e35fb4535ec77053dec384f9f6e013b49f4cd04ffc8ab514d95a44cfbacf76c5

Observation 32212485-051c-4a9d-a61e-46d62f0c06ce · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.258861Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.923804Z digest=sha256:dada129dfb320d84ed2d7529a00bc976f6acd82a48472d1893acf0a0025f7004

Observation 0f97e699-76a1-43c6-93db-7395276cf8d3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.229508Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.941562Z digest=sha256:5fa779b0242fd33c85c22eed8899115dd97fefd49e656a66c3d6a8c89a31b2c7

Observation 0c4b6d2b-307f-4182-91e6-6717ded38838 · outbound

This paper cites InternLM-XComposer: A Vision-Language Large Model for Advanced Text-image Comprehension and Composition.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs InternLM-XComposer: A Vision-Language Large Model for Advanced Text-image Comprehension and Composition

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.945592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.945592Z digest=sha256:8b9c003f19fbb27a2a2173b25550d4edcc7ed93f99b1159343edceb6a92105c9

Observation f194860f-7484-430e-8621-6b245b39a795 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.244771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.936601Z digest=sha256:b2b05bb5e8541329c10bf56d15f9a6400a387caf8dbc381375752c1f6d37bb74

Observation ca5a0299-d50f-4b6e-b821-58632b51151b · outbound

This paper cites InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Models.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Models

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.950461Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.950461Z digest=sha256:bea0a810f854c6c206a3a5a188ab6aab7f0ff91cd0522b44dd8c11b819cea8e9

Observation 758218ea-6ace-4fad-938f-ecb16898b751 · outbound

This paper cites Shikra: Unleashing Multimodal LLM's Referential Dialogue Magic.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Shikra: Unleashing Multimodal LLM's Referential Dialogue Magic

Reference 2023

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:21.753328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.753328Z digest=sha256:ea20951a2cb16687f70726023f3cbeed6b5ead166299de35f6f2f39c1573aea6

Observation 0e4ce5ca-2b4d-49d4-bf03-3d226b0f8bf0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SHALE: A Scalable Benchmark for Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation in LVLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 2024

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T21:01:22.428180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-05T21:01:21.852636Z digest=sha256:171b2208aff0f5ac7ce40169435feeeeb7a8ae0c06e493e36ee51cf92677efa7

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.