Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.431112Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics
As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 19 of 19 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.09619.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
19 of 19 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy13
- unresolved6
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 1f8b94b3-d393-4396-a452-d1e9b6fff81c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Unresolved cited work
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.866585Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ce5edb8f-1ef2-4c5d-a43d-cbd0533c1d1f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Unresolved cited work
Reference 2
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.844179Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 725931e2-0a7f-42cf-80ff-6467053de57a · outbound
This paper cites Sinceψ (x) andψ †(x) do not act on the null A-mode state |∞np⟩, the null- A-mode field may in fact be written as an expectation value for the vacuum state |0⟩.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Sinceψ (x) andψ †(x) do not act on the null A-mode state |∞np⟩, the null- A-mode field may in fact be written as an expectation value for the vacuum state |0⟩
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.825160Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 0f4aa022-51cc-4a67-a46e-b9d2cb8fe5c4 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Unresolved cited work
Reference 4
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.615388Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 05b2c04e-8c6f-48df-92ce-02767de44070 · outbound
This paper cites Pauli, Phys.Rev.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Pauli, Phys.Rev
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.575128Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation fd51fbd7-97af-4d88-a537-76af11188a05 · outbound
This paper cites Streater and A.S.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Streater and A.S
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.554453Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 4cacc377-12bb-4ea5-89d9-6613cf537734 · outbound
This paper cites It is easy to see that these two expressions give different predictions under the local gauge transformation in Eq.( 25).
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics It is easy to see that these two expressions give different predictions under the local gauge transformation in Eq.( 25)
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.767895Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation fb6a8756-455a-40e2-a0bd-8722dd3e5f81 · outbound
This paper cites Gupta, Proceedings of Physical Society A 63, 681 (1950).
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Gupta, Proceedings of Physical Society A 63, 681 (1950)
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.508994Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 4488bdf3-59d6-4fa3-833c-c2b3969dc6d8 · outbound
This paper cites Gu, Phys.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Gu, Phys
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.487386Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f98d4f86-6515-4528-a6a7-2987235b259e · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.709417Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation dd7ebd1c-6e84-49ae-92c9-fa2767454336 · outbound
This paper cites Weinberg, The Quantum Theory of Fields (Cambridge University Press, Now York, 1996).
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Weinberg, The Quantum Theory of Fields (Cambridge University Press, Now York, 1996)
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.685040Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6be510a3-764d-4c58-bbc5-27b539c0ab12 · outbound
This paper cites Peskin and D.V.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Peskin and D.V
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.661703Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 785f4708-b602-494a-b56e-b6e3efb29526 · outbound
This paper cites Itzykson and J.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Itzykson and J
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.637713Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ee49a6d9-3bcb-47c0-ae3a-9c7c33c731a9 · outbound
This paper cites In fact, the polar- ization vectors ελ µ (k) can not be defined for an A-mode with kµ = 0.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics In fact, the polar- ization vectors ελ µ (k) can not be defined for an A-mode with kµ = 0
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.893072Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e62b9848-a472-472c-a1a3-50d8c3e1ce58 · outbound
This paper cites (20) An operators P that satisfies Eq.( 18c) may be con- structed by a method used in Ref.[ 7], that is, P = ∑ λ ∫ d~ k|Akλ ⟩⟨Akλ |.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics (20) An operators P that satisfies Eq.( 18c) may be con- structed by a method used in Ref.[ 7], that is, P = ∑ λ ∫ d~ k|Akλ ⟩⟨Akλ |
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.913868Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation a60325cc-1339-49e9-a40f-6fe712ce04fa · outbound
This paper cites Wang, Phys.Rev.A 94, 012112 (2016).
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Wang, Phys.Rev.A 94, 012112 (2016)
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.532624Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 7c228da1-e6d8-4639-aefc-190ecb4352d4 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Unresolved cited work
Reference 36
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.792381Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 84fbd55d-64e6-440d-92fe-d70dfa7071ab · outbound
This paper cites Substituting Eq.(25) into Eq.( 39), straightforward derivation shows 8 that f (1) µ → ~f (1) µ =f (1) µ + 4m0i(∂µθ) ∫ d~p, (47a) f (2) µ → ~f (2) µ =f (2) µ + 4m0i(∂µθ) ∫ d~p.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Substituting Eq.(25) into Eq.( 39), straightforward derivation shows 8 that f (1) µ → ~f (1) µ =f (1) µ + 4m0i(∂µθ) ∫ d~p, (47a) f (2) µ → ~f (2) µ =f (2) µ + 4m0i(∂µθ) ∫ d~p
Reference 38
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.747348Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation de4746bf-e212-4ec4-a3c7-c1a5eb27f634 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
A quantum mechanism underlying the gauge symmetry in quantum electrodynamics Unresolved cited work
Reference 44
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T14:45:53.728815Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.