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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 66 of 66 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.17065.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.17065 v1

Coverage vector

measured 66 of 66 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.393969Z

measured 66 of 66 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

66 of 66 outbound references displayed

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External citation measurements

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Outbound references

Observation 2b5f3707-45a8-4ab5-88f8-2e601330afa4 · outbound

This paper cites Learning to make rare and complex diagnoses with generative ai assistance: quali- tative study of popular large language models.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Learning to make rare and complex diagnoses with generative ai assistance: quali- tative study of popular large language models

Reference 1

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Observation 7438f1aa-fe7d-467e-9a88-e86fe0ebc5c8 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating llms for temporal entity extraction from pediatric clinical text in rare diseases context.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Evaluating llms for temporal entity extraction from pediatric clinical text in rare diseases context

Reference 2

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Observation 3f7c0c39-ca6c-462e-8f7c-7bbf480ff075 · outbound

This paper cites High accuracy but limited readability of large language model-generated responses to fre- quently asked questions about kienb¨ ock’s disease.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases High accuracy but limited readability of large language model-generated responses to fre- quently asked questions about kienb¨ ock’s disease

Reference 3

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Observation 20734b35-854e-4b29-82e7-2a6daa10f249 · outbound

This paper cites Development of a comprehensive heart disease knowl- edge questionnaire.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Development of a comprehensive heart disease knowl- edge questionnaire

Reference 4

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Observation bf2eebfb-7a96-412e-8937-7a12b4b7121b · outbound

This paper cites Duchenne muscular dystrophy: disease mechanism and therapeutic strategies.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Duchenne muscular dystrophy: disease mechanism and therapeutic strategies

Reference 5

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Observation 75474959-9c81-4e3f-9831-116005136312 · outbound

This paper cites The unified medical language system (umls): inte- grating biomedical terminology.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases The unified medical language system (umls): inte- grating biomedical terminology

Reference 6

Resolution
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Observation dee392ad-656c-4cff-8bb8-2b8fd6185c96 · outbound

This paper cites An automatic and end-to-end system for rare disease knowledge graph construction based on ontology- enhanced large language models: Development study.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases An automatic and end-to-end system for rare disease knowledge graph construction based on ontology- enhanced large language models: Development study

Reference 7

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Observation ebca4a5a-4512-4392-aa2e-f6fd6d449519 · outbound

This paper cites Trends in rare disease drug development.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Trends in rare disease drug development

Reference 8

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Observation 005499a8-a555-48ca-aa25-d1392165bb48 · outbound

This paper cites Rarebench: Can llms serve as rare diseases specialists? In Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining , pages 4850–4861, 2024.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Rarebench: Can llms serve as rare diseases specialists? In Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining , pages 4850–4861, 2024

Reference 9

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Observation a604bb87-a8af-4703-b5db-014dc167f304 · outbound

This paper cites Large language model capa- bilities in perioperative risk prediction and prognostication.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Large language model capa- bilities in perioperative risk prediction and prognostication

Reference 10

Resolution
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Observation 1fa0a1d7-0b9f-4146-ae4f-0a3f418d5886 · outbound

This paper cites The drug repurposing hub: a next-generation drug library and information resource.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases The drug repurposing hub: a next-generation drug library and information resource

Reference 11

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Observation aa9ea175-5229-4b9f-b744-729c49553c62 · outbound

This paper cites Potential of large language models in health care: Del- phi study.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Potential of large language models in health care: Del- phi study

Reference 12

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Observation 7fa6b0c7-61de-4b7b-bc5c-4e9565d47418 · outbound

This paper cites Assessing dxgpt: Diagnosing rare diseases with various large language models.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Assessing dxgpt: Diagnosing rare diseases with various large language models

Reference 13

Resolution
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Observation 2ae60a90-d328-49ba-b9ac-cea3c44a5f0a · outbound

This paper cites Rare diseases.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Rare diseases

Reference 14

Resolution
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Observation 55198b3e-96e7-4f65-a635-5932f0ef0296 · outbound

This paper cites Rare diseases - european commission, 2024.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Rare diseases - european commission, 2024

Reference 15

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Observation ee5ed999-380c-4cc2-a6c9-d8acdaf99c32 · outbound

This paper cites Time to diagnosis and determinants of diagnostic delays of people living with a rare disease: re- sults of a rare barometer retrospective patient survey.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Time to diagnosis and determinants of diagnostic delays of people living with a rare disease: re- sults of a rare barometer retrospective patient survey

Reference 16

Resolution
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Observation 71d83a8b-d4ab-45c7-8843-3000bb22c0e1 · outbound

This paper cites Biological network analysis: Trends, approaches, graph theory, and algorithms, 2020.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Biological network analysis: Trends, approaches, graph theory, and algorithms, 2020

Reference 17

Resolution
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Observation 31d9dcf5-a1ce-4da5-9112-c47c775d673d · outbound

This paper cites A systematic overview of rare disease patient reg- istries: challenges in design, quality management, and maintenance.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases A systematic overview of rare disease patient reg- istries: challenges in design, quality management, and maintenance

Reference 18

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Observation 12f5b985-401d-40fb-b4ff-3c5e437c1ba5 · outbound

This paper cites Artificial intelligence in medical imaging and its impact on the rare disease community: threats, challenges and oppor- tunities.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Artificial intelligence in medical imaging and its impact on the rare disease community: threats, challenges and oppor- tunities

Reference 19

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Observation 8fd3c505-84e9-45e7-9238-b39c6c4110f5 · outbound

This paper cites Spin-valley locking for in-gap quantum dots in a MoS2 transistor.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Spin-valley locking for in-gap quantum dots in a MoS2 transistor

Reference 20

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Observation 2dad3599-e53d-4aeb-88ad-6b0684a63fdd · outbound

This paper cites Disease spreading modeling and analysis: A survey.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Disease spreading modeling and analysis: A survey

Reference 21

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Observation e55dc13e-5291-4526-a619-cbebe99f980f · outbound

This paper cites Assessment of a large language model’s responses to questions and cases about glaucoma and retina management.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Assessment of a large language model’s responses to questions and cases about glaucoma and retina management

Reference 22

Resolution
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Observation 2c8f67da-0d9f-4d81-87be-6b2a04dc75c8 · outbound

This paper cites What disease does this patient have? a large-scale open domain question answering dataset from medical exams.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases What disease does this patient have? a large-scale open domain question answering dataset from medical exams

Reference 23

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Observation e7f53964-3328-4448-b662-c871810eb19c · outbound

This paper cites PubMedQA: A Dataset for Biomedical Research Question Answering.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases PubMedQA: A Dataset for Biomedical Research Question Answering

Reference 24

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Observation f6855bde-38f6-4d52-a045-40ecb3c0f8b6 · outbound

This paper cites Mimic-iv, a freely accessible electronic health record dataset.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Mimic-iv, a freely accessible electronic health record dataset

Reference 25

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Observation 86e880fa-7e39-4ba9-9131-6189b2762c79 · outbound

This paper cites Mimic-iii, a freely accessible critical care database.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Mimic-iii, a freely accessible critical care database

Reference 26

Resolution
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Observation 38585dd2-fd0c-4955-9b86-7cca2f5b831f · outbound

This paper cites Assessing the utility of large language models for phenotype-driven gene prioritization in the diagnosis of rare genetic disease.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Assessing the utility of large language models for phenotype-driven gene prioritization in the diagnosis of rare genetic disease

Reference 27

Resolution
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Observation 3a487a6c-70dc-484f-af39-ac40b7c8830f · outbound

This paper cites A multidisciplinary assessment of chat- gpt’s knowledge of amyloidosis.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases A multidisciplinary assessment of chat- gpt’s knowledge of amyloidosis

Reference 28

Resolution
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Observation fcf104df-461d-4eed-bdf9-549cd9a0db8d · outbound

This paper cites The human phenotype ontology in 2021.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases The human phenotype ontology in 2021

Reference 29

Resolution
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Observation 99eb0a06-549e-4a31-8f43-c33928f0b5ca · outbound

This paper cites Biogpt: generative pre-trained transformer for biomedical text generation and mining.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Biogpt: generative pre-trained transformer for biomedical text generation and mining

Reference 30

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e7d53531-3dc3-475f-b7f1-31612c3e9023 · outbound

This paper cites Treatment of amyloidosis: present and future.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Treatment of amyloidosis: present and future

Reference 31

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 18b7aef3-e66a-4e68-a369-746bcaf8a1cd · outbound

This paper cites The raredis corpus: a corpus anno- tated with rare diseases, their signs and symptoms.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases The raredis corpus: a corpus anno- tated with rare diseases, their signs and symptoms

Reference 32

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Observation c14e6682-04ad-4a8b-af43-db986837179a · outbound

This paper cites Mendelian inheritance in man and its online version, omim.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Mendelian inheritance in man and its online version, omim

Reference 33

Resolution
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Observation 816e3d0b-58b8-4a8a-a6ce-d59eefcb9f85 · outbound

This paper cites Exploiting the molecular basis of age and gen- der differences in outcomes of sars-cov-2 infections.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Exploiting the molecular basis of age and gen- der differences in outcomes of sars-cov-2 infections

Reference 34

Resolution
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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.985777Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.246790Z digest=sha256:e878a0b77b409db63b7765501b1f81c06c03bf5014e3c707f23e95477930870f

Observation 4fbbd726-619a-4fc6-b4cb-054ca2369bc0 · outbound

This paper cites Small data challenges of studying rare diseases.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Small data challenges of studying rare diseases

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.968534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.251732Z digest=sha256:70a6b39ebe3c6d07d4c312c850e1348734eb9808e32d0045730b96936bb7bcb8

Observation 8a932a98-c647-4f32-8066-c079a80d1868 · outbound

This paper cites Estimating cumulative point prevalence of rare diseases: analysis of the orphanet database.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Estimating cumulative point prevalence of rare diseases: analysis of the orphanet database

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.952630Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.257497Z digest=sha256:41d2bc239082054afe6da9090a9d6bad8f1e7fdd783f3990bed014a96bc27e22

Observation db966f78-2fd3-42ef-a526-205a175428b9 · outbound

This paper cites Lambert, Annie Olry, Char- lotte Rodwell, Charlotte Gueydan, Val´ erie Lanneau, Daniel Murphy, Yann Le Cam, and Ana Rath.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Lambert, Annie Olry, Char- lotte Rodwell, Charlotte Gueydan, Val´ erie Lanneau, Daniel Murphy, Yann Le Cam, and Ana Rath

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.937152Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.262026Z digest=sha256:49346ff9ea4800186596ad29471f9ab18376b63ac3a14fe71f85de7ff385265c

Observation 44348ab9-136e-4cf5-82c8-c11e02843f5f · outbound

This paper cites Deep learning for genomics: A concise overview.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Deep learning for genomics: A concise overview

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.921454Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.267561Z digest=sha256:9b8d83d33aa22797cf244134c7046a9dde2292fa97222ea1f4a055020c1456bd

Observation fc06cd24-58d0-4162-bc8f-e228f4eb7885 · outbound

This paper cites A scoping review on generative ai and large language models in mitigating medication related harm.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases A scoping review on generative ai and large language models in mitigating medication related harm

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.906161Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.272579Z digest=sha256:2ad4800316bd831f10e5271b3960ede7062cc75158cf094c47b35cfa899bd87a

Observation 356e4d92-b859-4f3e-a56a-523882a139db · outbound

This paper cites Cystic fibrosis: a review.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Cystic fibrosis: a review

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.891648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.277404Z digest=sha256:05c242df22727e5dde19be742ca532445d3915e2e7bfe651c0884392883f1bf0

Observation 1efbc5b5-3028-4f62-8e15-ab546490ab29 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Vote: Prompting for Rare Disease Identification.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Large Language Models Vote: Prompting for Rare Disease Identification

Reference 41

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.460473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.282887Z digest=sha256:343c04614850c71ab4c6c9246e3c312edf9c0f806dd96d0a7acb0baf472cd02f

Observation 0579d0a3-4bb8-42b1-9d68-349f3b6ef998 · outbound

This paper cites Artificial intelligence empowering rare diseases: a bibliometric perspective over the last two decades.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Artificial intelligence empowering rare diseases: a bibliometric perspective over the last two decades

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.876871Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.288207Z digest=sha256:8268acd8b2a58139ca7b587bfb66b4a6f4fc404673f6fa201a9d4d18dd43a3ee

Observation bdc7d38e-8b91-4b8b-8e9c-ad1574c34d11 · outbound

This paper cites Studying reddit: A systematic overview of disciplines, approaches, methods, and ethics.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Studying reddit: A systematic overview of disciplines, approaches, methods, and ethics

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.860278Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.292656Z digest=sha256:ba3560c77055a4724a3a406f1a16cbc4866e047b9661e58594d6759f02be0a64

Observation 0730fd14-39bb-4857-aa9e-e887fb3aa803 · outbound

This paper cites Rare disease diagnosis: a review of web search, social media and large-scale data-mining approaches.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Rare disease diagnosis: a review of web search, social media and large-scale data-mining approaches

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.844164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.297085Z digest=sha256:61b952aaecbb458d5c64953bdf6e96b248897837e2ae17b22bef13925468728c

Observation 92ad9cee-804a-44c3-81e0-a686043b7b3a · outbound

This paper cites Rare disease policies to im- prove care for patients in europe.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Rare disease policies to im- prove care for patients in europe

Reference 45

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.828886Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.301846Z digest=sha256:f96b12848b40e1415b0fba4b9f50fdfc278ada1bc62dbfb6f12c7b1d30f44b28

Observation 83c7d2ec-8958-41ca-9c77-d00c4a468989 · outbound

This paper cites Why rare diseases are an important medical and social issue.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Why rare diseases are an important medical and social issue

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.813713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.306833Z digest=sha256:7aaad988f58baefa53c2ba0f4a858bcd4cdec6c802485994b54ddd3f5eac639e

Observation 969f68ae-53b6-4e11-afee-ac1dbb668ea8 · outbound

This paper cites A systematic review of large language model (llm) evaluations in clinical medicine.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases A systematic review of large language model (llm) evaluations in clinical medicine

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.798974Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.311393Z digest=sha256:a0af9a4932a4cb9810735011200f462555afc85dac4d9b2085fd54d5211062ec

Observation 26fcfae1-930a-444c-9391-2028bb20238c · outbound

This paper cites Identifying and extracting rare diseases and their phenotypes with large language models.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Identifying and extracting rare diseases and their phenotypes with large language models

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.784727Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.316325Z digest=sha256:bf4d083bcc978c9e812fa11f5c5bba393b33d7d18f08011b9947bc16e6f66e06

Observation 8e40a431-c643-4e68-b3f5-8365c6f307f5 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models encode clinical knowledge.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Large language models encode clinical knowledge

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.769819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.320976Z digest=sha256:4eee03bbb7972ba316c207178473862955f35ec56314d371787644faa15063a3

Observation ab0691f3-ed0b-4189-b18f-e66acf09b675 · outbound

This paper cites Zebra-Llama: A Context-Aware Large Language Model for Democratizing Rare Disease Knowledge.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Zebra-Llama: A Context-Aware Large Language Model for Democratizing Rare Disease Knowledge

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.325245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.325245Z digest=sha256:5e37715c7248e539f668ea583bdace43159fa369a0a0856947c5eb54336743e4

Observation c03cdaa1-8b0e-4864-94c0-6747018a1710 · outbound

This paper cites Huntington’s disease: Diagnosis and management.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Huntington’s disease: Diagnosis and management

Reference 51

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.753890Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.329838Z digest=sha256:7bc2f580cef3b6d07517c3dddd4e15bb11b1113c1da4c731e08c8b24e95fbbd0

Observation f7c0b51a-c227-4ddb-9481-1a44a790de5b · outbound

This paper cites Release and impact of china’s” second list of rare diseases”.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Release and impact of china’s” second list of rare diseases”

Reference 52

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.738822Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.333688Z digest=sha256:4f4521146cf4ee99ce8de8fb842149e0c92589468e889b0c7be753edfa0c8121

Observation 9498fb7e-fe73-4403-a0b0-b6c156778ad0 · outbound

This paper cites Ramedis: the rare metabolic diseases database.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Ramedis: the rare metabolic diseases database

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.723281Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.337702Z digest=sha256:445e81fb58f61513f48c454beb291ba3990fc01919d68f15e975709fb0a46d13

Observation fea1aa6a-9ca2-4fb7-893e-6c6ff19142a6 · outbound

This paper cites Food and Drug Administration.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Food and Drug Administration

Reference 54

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.708488Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.342015Z digest=sha256:77bc36915559c9b8e9ddae73324a136636a8f6bc48ccca2f23e3e43892ae7080

Observation a9f9e0d0-0497-40b1-80e1-d33b589e96e3 · outbound

This paper cites Food and Drug Administration.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Food and Drug Administration

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.693469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.346041Z digest=sha256:6d960ad7fe869b0a5f5cc49a675c336f848f3608c1eaedc840dca3bce4ca0e21

Observation 33de649b-f84e-4e55-af25-50b410de7485 · outbound

This paper cites Ordo: an ontology connecting rare disease, epidemiology and genetic data.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Ordo: an ontology connecting rare disease, epidemiology and genetic data

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.677811Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.349820Z digest=sha256:1d1f87e1faf726433abd488b72c31248e7a0870031b6efb633a58bb18726e08f

Observation ca5628e1-0678-4f0c-8cbe-32af646f8569 · outbound

This paper cites Mondo Dis- ease Ontology: harmonizing disease concepts across the world, volume 2807.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Mondo Dis- ease Ontology: harmonizing disease concepts across the world, volume 2807

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.662015Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.353662Z digest=sha256:9c7eb6695362fbaa1d9361d3ac1c64d2aadd0d1a3378a8b3354b0b6c24db5766

Observation 7cea5189-a0d5-4306-94fc-6b5c53a17eb0 · outbound

This paper cites The impact of artificial intelligence in the odyssey of rare diseases.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases The impact of artificial intelligence in the odyssey of rare diseases

Reference 58

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.646208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.357612Z digest=sha256:c0acba4db6344d73f7cab73bf8786656696c41a9f6a178e4377e615930104d00

Observation 933a2405-55d8-48b0-97ec-dea6f513f490 · outbound

This paper cites Pubmed 2.0.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Pubmed 2.0

Reference 59

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.630192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.361452Z digest=sha256:06a9f22695e88d51f7c63805da499ae738fb472095f0f783802ef5f3fb763a5d

Observation c254793a-35c6-463b-b5cd-77c5a2a8468e · outbound

This paper cites A hybrid framework with large language models for rare disease phenotyping.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases A hybrid framework with large language models for rare disease phenotyping

Reference 60

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.615111Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.365311Z digest=sha256:688ee33368220a50beeee00c5e77a6f28601614ca630e8cf5d4ee0afd0e2a5bb

Observation f8028dc9-0600-4946-b2ff-9697d27c08ec · outbound

This paper cites Understanding sarcoidosis using large language models and social media data.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Understanding sarcoidosis using large language models and social media data

Reference 61

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.600419Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.369244Z digest=sha256:df6b15a939b800e3077b355d1a1d7c63bac0aaf02f01f616e4968f52b7065210

Observation 038e67e0-f46c-4d86-8125-7d49420ef1ef · outbound

This paper cites Rdguru: a conversa- tional intelligent agent for rare diseases.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Rdguru: a conversa- tional intelligent agent for rare diseases

Reference 62

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.584740Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.375316Z digest=sha256:e2696634902e1ebf86f5550a24174ead87a90e9e6c35ba315e523e4963132a3f

Observation 9c022cd4-ffeb-4d2f-8d85-1c4719b0fe0e · outbound

This paper cites Machine learning for drug discovery.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Machine learning for drug discovery

Reference 63

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.569072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.380041Z digest=sha256:b945e85df1798331c101821d479b5e8d159240889a39b7d850ee0386c4946a05

Observation 9cd899ba-0507-4498-bf96-5a7f50d1fb55 · outbound

This paper cites Diagnostic accuracy of a custom large language model on rare pediatric disease case reports.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Diagnostic accuracy of a custom large language model on rare pediatric disease case reports

Reference 64

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.550928Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.384741Z digest=sha256:f0cd8857f9686bf6115e13ab4f2b2558bf2e25125d612aa2e66c3802c64a0a2c

Observation f2ede347-30b5-4ff7-acde-8048c1f8cff8 · outbound

This paper cites Innovations in medicine: Exploring chatgpt’s im- pact on rare disorder management.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases Innovations in medicine: Exploring chatgpt’s im- pact on rare disorder management

Reference 65

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.533115Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.389338Z digest=sha256:782cb4b943175ae440275a8c1203859f438af45db747b6604f79979336892c87

Observation e7fe8aeb-c774-4c3b-a9dc-d0c16ca291e8 · outbound

This paper cites A survey of large language models for healthcare.

Decoding Rarity: Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases A survey of large language models for healthcare

Reference 66

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:38:11.516920Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:38:11.393969Z digest=sha256:b557326623e78c50b89ee3c2592fa4dcca5727687d604674a570025f6b0816ad

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.