Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models

As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 30 of 30 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.11009.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.11009 v1

Coverage vector

measured 30 of 30 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.810627Z

measured 30 of 30 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

30 of 30 outbound references displayed

verified exact4
verified fuzzy3
unresolved22
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation a6cda6a3-ecc4-4316-9fa1-5f087c17f81a · outbound

This paper cites A Theoretical Analysis of Contrastive Unsupervised Representation Learning.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models A Theoretical Analysis of Contrastive Unsupervised Representation Learning

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.658492Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a2c53a83-c788-4fae-9214-1c805b220891 · outbound

This paper cites Acta Psychologica 44(3):211–233, ISSN 0001-6918, URL http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(80)90046-3.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Acta Psychologica 44(3):211–233, ISSN 0001-6918, URL http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(80)90046-3

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.976849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 8649d69d-3807-461d-96dd-d0b457fe06fe · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120(6):e2218523120, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2218523120.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120(6):e2218523120, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2218523120

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.669437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8d468a33-5513-41de-bcd7-5c70ad123f39 · outbound

This paper cites Chatlaw: A Multi-Agent Legal Assistant based on a Role-Aligned Mixture-of-Experts Architecture.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Chatlaw: A Multi-Agent Legal Assistant based on a Role-Aligned Mixture-of-Experts Architecture

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.674974Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 82eae53b-3642-4803-bebb-8b5b611378a9 · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.682236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9951f5c1-68e7-47ad-8bc9-3d4fa8722317 · outbound

This paper cites Cognitive Bias in Decision-Making with LLMs.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Cognitive Bias in Decision-Making with LLMs

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.688286Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 33d617cd-5bbc-4ccb-9f7e-b3fe41cfa2c9 · outbound

This paper cites Nature Computational Science 3(10):833–838, ISSN 2662-8457, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43588-023-00527-x.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Nature Computational Science 3(10):833–838, ISSN 2662-8457, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43588-023-00527-x

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.695079Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0caf9052-711a-4d5c-8104-e4699085076b · outbound

This paper cites Cognitive Psychology 3(3):430–454, ISSN 0010-0285, URL http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(72)90016-3.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Cognitive Psychology 3(3):430–454, ISSN 0010-0285, URL http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0285(72)90016-3

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.699688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c542fd9b-f9b7-4546-84ed-ad8fa6823994 · outbound

This paper cites Psychological Review 80(4):237–251, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0034747.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Psychological Review 80(4):237–251, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0034747

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.704937Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8b58261a-b56f-4e85-8a5d-adfb06433015 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:49.458320Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 789ce306-c2b5-4202-af63-8290a9f4854f · outbound

This paper cites Be- havioral and Brain Sciences 19(1):1–17, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00041157.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Be- havioral and Brain Sciences 19(1):1–17, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00041157

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.914352Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation d6886cb9-d9c5-4451-aac2-9be675d80e72 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121(35):e2404328121, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2404328121.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121(35):e2404328121, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2404328121

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.719864Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd950cc5-b247-4036-95c4-6041fbf5d70d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.881378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 34ec1648-616d-41a8-b21e-bdd702eb6412 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:49.443874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation d7f97b8d-3e7a-443d-b71a-4fe16dd7d095 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:49.427578Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 7b5755f7-22d9-48bf-b1ed-11dcc159b6dc · outbound

This paper cites Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.737584Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b72ef0b7-2cc7-4ddc-88c7-9f8db8c97905 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.742807Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b4425c5-ddff-46b9-9832-7a72e060749b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:49.411774Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 21846d43-fccd-4d5c-bf6c-42883bd7698f · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.751653Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 742ff354-db3b-4686-bd1b-7442168184cd · outbound

This paper cites Science 185(4157):1124–1131, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Science 185(4157):1124–1131, URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.757526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 044358d6-da58-4aaa-8a83-91911eeeee81 · outbound

This paper cites Kahneman D, Slovic P , Tversky A, eds., Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases , 117–128 (Cambridge University Press).

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Kahneman D, Slovic P , Tversky A, eds., Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases , 117–128 (Cambridge University Press)

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:49.395710Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation c7208061-6cdf-4916-b49c-b533d533d504 · outbound

This paper cites (2021) Cloud-based intell igent self-diagnosis and department recommendation service using chinese medical BERT.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models (2021) Cloud-based intell igent self-diagnosis and department recommendation service using chinese medical BERT

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.852012Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 75d2096d-974e-4f25-9996-d2afc559e29d · outbound

This paper cites BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Finance

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.773446Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 84482404-968d-4061-b1e7-4a9f7fd5624a · outbound

This paper cites URL https://arxiv .org/abs/2306.06031.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models URL https://arxiv .org/abs/2306.06031

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:48.778570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 055e7c5a-13e3-4b33-9c0b-ca69f5b7deae · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:49.379239Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 1133b01f-d808-4dc1-be3d-68ccf3fe7b69 · outbound

This paper cites Dreamers.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Dreamers

Reference 26

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:49.362259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 92d8befb-0a0f-45f0-ada6-35597e3a81dd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:49.343980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f9dc194a-d9ff-4eb1-accb-17f05822e1da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:49.328026Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b28d1874-f920-448c-a55a-0a787de12f83 · outbound

This paper cites For each of the following ﬁelds, denote H to be the hypothesis that Adam was enrolled in that ﬁeld.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models For each of the following ﬁelds, denote H to be the hypothesis that Adam was enrolled in that ﬁeld

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:49.312099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 1f6aeb35-3e55-4a09-97b3-94bc9cd7cfd1 · outbound

This paper cites For each of the following ﬁelds, denote H to be the hypothesis that Adam was enrolled in that ﬁeld.

Dual Traits in Probabilistic Reasoning of Large Language Models For each of the following ﬁelds, denote H to be the hypothesis that Adam was enrolled in that ﬁeld

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:29:49.295627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.