Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.666794Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models
As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 29 of 29 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.08392.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T15:06:55.213500Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: pith, observed 2026-08-08T15:06:56.620307Z
Reference resolution
29 of 29 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy1
- unresolved27
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch1
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation b3037e3d-a232-40cc-ab68-377717c57b08 · outbound
This paper cites URL: " 'urlintro :=.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models URL: " 'urlintro :=
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.573299Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3f627e18-60e4-4fd7-96db-1f76e4d0d04b · outbound
This paper cites write newline.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models write newline
Reference 2
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.577295Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f8881331-d826-4d8c-aad5-b3271f9adf50 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 3
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:11.083851Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 6b78d241-0550-4e8d-b8c9-e5ad9abfbdad · outbound
This paper cites IrokoBench: A New Benchmark for African Languages in the Age of Large Language Models.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models IrokoBench: A New Benchmark for African Languages in the Age of Large Language Models
Reference 4
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.584655Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bdd75e9e-4178-4b52-9df2-3b9c24bcb6c6 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:11.074649Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation ff125af0-9abb-4ab2-9d2b-992f16e46831 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:11.065832Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 812b29e0-224b-454b-9460-3c8f446315ae · outbound
This paper cites Lessons from the Trenches on Reproducible Evaluation of Language Models.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Lessons from the Trenches on Reproducible Evaluation of Language Models
Reference 7
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.595259Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 39719529-198b-4788-996b-21ca66141b5e · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 8
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:11.056952Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 77174f19-1ec2-4e95-a1ad-530a9f8309ff · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 9
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:11.047315Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 50ae6a8c-cb1b-4c1f-9958-a6a7721ab64a · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 10
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:11.038570Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 28b68d3e-4d5c-4e2e-9dcb-9105ba14b097 · outbound
This paper cites How Good Are GPT Models at Machine Translation? A Comprehensive Evaluation.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models How Good Are GPT Models at Machine Translation? A Comprehensive Evaluation
Reference 11
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.608871Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1034d0d0-0595-4dc9-9bd9-5550f6f3763c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:11.030436Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 470ac45e-e404-47d3-80d8-18cbc571c0ea · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:11.022422Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation a1332c8b-edcc-4289-8a9a-406a1e975ec1 · outbound
This paper cites o pf, Yannic Kilcher, Dimitri von R \.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models o pf, Yannic Kilcher, Dimitri von R \
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:11.014394Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 9bfb0914-6ed5-4c10-9b4a-7d3157f1cb9e · outbound
This paper cites MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Models.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models MaLA-500: Massive Language Adaptation of Large Language Models
Reference 15
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.621876Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2ac7734a-ca2a-4580-8bbb-5364623c4955 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:11.005907Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 68888c09-6a55-4967-b849-139d32d04ff8 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 17
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.996925Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 127e6c2c-473a-4fe6-90db-2c51f65380f9 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 18
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.987730Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 6a41e1b0-e11b-4db7-9f3f-c3623fe56f68 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 19
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.977733Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 429e1d6c-88f2-4f86-8f28-be71240ca772 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.968309Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation a895bc84-0eef-4cd4-ac86-b3e583132d3f · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.958543Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 3af72875-7a54-47cd-af1e-57fd6d54fd2a · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 22
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.947560Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 5544f47c-1a80-4f5e-bbaf-be3cc288e9c5 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 23
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.938077Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 8674580a-c8e5-4fe0-91da-23e4e7ef1042 · outbound
This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models
Reference 24
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.651637Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 734c96f4-c839-4bde-b0a7-d1eb0faf51fb · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 25
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.856385Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 4ad5eb4c-c7ef-4d94-84a1-5a68724abddb · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.928417Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 4841b11d-3226-4ac2-a7af-274172aeb907 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.661380Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2a29e947-be23-4ff3-97b9-6a6a636a848c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 28
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.918801Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Observation 82b774c8-8796-4faf-871a-36c6174e2adb · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models Unresolved cited work
Reference 29
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T17:55:10.909943Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.
Pith citing papers
Observation 22c55187-dd1c-467d-8772-e84504bdcd3a · inbound
Can We Trust AI Benchmarks? An Interdisciplinary Review of Current Issues in AI Evaluation cites this paper.
Can We Trust AI Benchmarks? An Interdisciplinary Review of Current Issues in AI Evaluation The Roles of English in Evaluating Multilingual Language Models
Reference 101
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T15:06:56.626299Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.