Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs

As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.02602.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.02602 v1

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.647480Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy17
unresolved15
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation f5555e62-e6bf-4497-8d2b-17b918b0403e · outbound

This paper cites Energy and policy considerations for deep learning in nlp, 2019.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Energy and policy considerations for deep learning in nlp, 2019

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.535361Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dfb9bee9-3b1c-4fcd-b922-b1e3eed5591f · outbound

This paper cites Carbon emissions and large neural network training, 2021.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Carbon emissions and large neural network training, 2021

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.539496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8b8ba66c-c701-4883-b32b-a54b37c71adc · outbound

This paper cites Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Hu, Yelong Shen, Phillip Wallis, Zeyuan Allen-Zhu, Yuanzhi Li, Shean Wang, Lu Wang, and Weizhu Chen

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.543180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a237bbcd-8b21-4eb3-bc76-1b36c5e0e58e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.546966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 00fadab6-7e2c-44f3-b863-7a2d0e8622b6 · outbound

This paper cites PaLM 2 Technical Report.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs PaLM 2 Technical Report

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.550707Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 59d5c258-4535-4aeb-8178-18b32fc7ce30 · outbound

This paper cites Thompson, Kristjan Greenewald, Keeheon Lee, and Gabriel F.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Thompson, Kristjan Greenewald, Keeheon Lee, and Gabriel F

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.988202Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 4c695f8d-2561-4603-b08b-e4524cb3e1ef · outbound

This paper cites Towards the systematic reporting of the energy and carbon footprints of machine learning, 2022.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Towards the systematic reporting of the energy and carbon footprints of machine learning, 2022

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.975041Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 4802f635-e8d2-4853-9dd2-6b75c7f2db9b · outbound

This paper cites Lee, Bugra Akyildiz, Maximilian Balandat, Joe Spisak, Ravi Jain, Mike Rabbat, and Kim Hazelwood.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Lee, Bugra Akyildiz, Maximilian Balandat, Joe Spisak, Ravi Jain, Mike Rabbat, and Kim Hazelwood

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.961613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation c0a41304-21f4-4f94-8936-c86da31e6694 · outbound

This paper cites Smith, Nicole DeCario, and Will Buchanan.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Smith, Nicole DeCario, and Will Buchanan

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.949271Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 60d2c09e-52af-4924-a465-eada0407a969 · outbound

This paper cites Eco2ai: carbon emissions tracking of machine learning models as the first step towards sustainable ai, 2022.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Eco2ai: carbon emissions tracking of machine learning models as the first step towards sustainable ai, 2022

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.938234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation d1a5b308-5f9a-4e70-8849-372d3f9cfa14 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.925950Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 464277e7-b832-4302-8762-a5dbc3c47c61 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring the intrinsic dimension of objective landscapes, 2018.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Measuring the intrinsic dimension of objective landscapes, 2018

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.576533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 813b459d-dea6-45f5-87e7-ff97a60e5bde · outbound

This paper cites Intrinsic dimensionality explains the effectiveness of language model fine-tuning.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Intrinsic dimensionality explains the effectiveness of language model fine-tuning

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.908072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 55c75f06-e84f-4ff6-89d4-94996d81a147 · outbound

This paper cites Lawrence Zitnick.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Lawrence Zitnick

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.583207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ff4b029e-6aeb-4536-8465-995f1062de22 · outbound

This paper cites Medical visual question answering via conditional reasoning and contrastive learning.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Medical visual question answering via conditional reasoning and contrastive learning

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.889789Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation fe241ed6-4462-4b91-b6c2-9f9d1af6fa8c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.589981Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 389cac8b-69a6-47c2-acca-1956bc485f75 · outbound

This paper cites Attention is all you need.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Attention is all you need

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.593666Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aafab1bf-32a8-454f-b0e3-a1fb3f711962 · outbound

This paper cites X-linear attention networks for image captioning.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs X-linear attention networks for image captioning

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.863036Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation f15eb93b-14b9-4d25-90fb-50e6b616a147 · outbound

This paper cites Image captioning: Transforming objects into words.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Image captioning: Transforming objects into words

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.850944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 6bc216e8-f6cd-4d68-8306-1263fd8f1f6e · outbound

This paper cites Star-transformer.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Star-transformer

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.838318Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 34304b9f-7df1-452b-bd50-3ef5117034a1 · outbound

This paper cites Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision, 2021.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision, 2021

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.608353Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56dc74d2-36bb-4bf3-841c-f59b7bd7ab65 · outbound

This paper cites SAMSum corpus: A human-annotated dialogue dataset for abstractive summarization.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs SAMSum corpus: A human-annotated dialogue dataset for abstractive summarization

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.816299Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 73fbafa9-06f9-4296-b30a-6acf2977f05b · outbound

This paper cites DialogSum: A real-life scenario dialogue summarization dataset.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs DialogSum: A real-life scenario dialogue summarization dataset

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.802095Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 01f3b9c7-f2f6-4411-bc9c-87ebc0028ecd · outbound

This paper cites MediaSum: A large-scale media interview dataset for dialogue summarization.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs MediaSum: A large-scale media interview dataset for dialogue summarization

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.790083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation bc6c77ef-4831-4aaa-8c4c-9de04de8082f · outbound

This paper cites Spider: A large-scale human-labeled dataset for complex and cross-domain semantic parsing and text-to-SQL task.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Spider: A large-scale human-labeled dataset for complex and cross-domain semantic parsing and text-to-SQL task

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.777939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 2e3655b7-6911-4705-a7d5-e8120f1d46b8 · outbound

This paper cites KaggleDBQA: Realistic evaluation of text-to- SQL parsers.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs KaggleDBQA: Realistic evaluation of text-to- SQL parsers

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.765019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 4d6f3009-8d5e-4a38-9212-e63f06d75ce8 · outbound

This paper cites The ArtBench Dataset: Benchmarking Generative Models with Artworks.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs The ArtBench Dataset: Benchmarking Generative Models with Artworks

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.629143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e82a58fe-6d80-40c5-a4dc-2c34b72aa990 · outbound

This paper cites PathVQA: 30000+ Questions for Medical Visual Question Answering.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs PathVQA: 30000+ Questions for Medical Visual Question Answering

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.633240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dcf8b2f4-d969-4fd8-9575-cd4c910f893a · outbound

This paper cites Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.751900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 6603eceb-265a-428f-ab4a-30fa05512ac3 · outbound

This paper cites ROUGE: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs ROUGE: A package for automatic evaluation of summaries

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.640500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 553b070e-d057-45d3-95f6-3d54aa1cb7ef · outbound

This paper cites Synthetic-Text-To-SQL: A synthetic dataset for training language models to generate sql queries from natural language prompts, April 2024.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs Synthetic-Text-To-SQL: A synthetic dataset for training language models to generate sql queries from natural language prompts, April 2024

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.729614Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 829f6c4b-a138-4ad5-8f17-c6e769539709 · outbound

This paper cites SPICE: Semantic Propositional Image Caption Evaluation.

CEGI: Measuring the trade-off between efficiency and carbon emissions for SLMs and VLMs SPICE: Semantic Propositional Image Caption Evaluation

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T23:23:08.647480Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.