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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 79 of 79 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.23489.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.23489 v1

Coverage vector

measured 79 of 79 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:46.143996Z

measured 79 of 79 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

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measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

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measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

79 of 79 outbound references displayed

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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 2c5405bf-6824-4880-a578-313cde9c8185 · outbound

This paper cites TherML: Thermodynamics of Machine Learning.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training TherML: Thermodynamics of Machine Learning

Reference 1

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Observation 3243b1bb-8435-4704-81a1-041a34cd44dd · outbound

This paper cites SGD with Large Step Sizes Learns Sparse Features.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training SGD with Large Step Sizes Learns Sparse Features

Reference 2

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Observation 517aaa9f-c710-4dc6-b5a0-076d38697fad · outbound

This paper cites wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representations.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representations

Reference 3

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Observation 2fdbb3af-20d8-42ed-897c-9cb699d81e6e · outbound

This paper cites Implicit gradient regularization.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Implicit gradient regularization

Reference 4

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Observation 6b82d6ee-f178-472c-ba2f-663d27710d13 · outbound

This paper cites Reconciling modern machine- learning practice and the classical bias–variance trade-off.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 116(32):15849–15854, 2019.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Reconciling modern machine- learning practice and the classical bias–variance trade-off.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 116(32):15849–15854, 2019

Reference 5

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Observation 288f3599-7164-4196-a634-048bf1de99ce · outbound

This paper cites Practical recommendations for gradient-based training of deep architectures.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Practical recommendations for gradient-based training of deep architectures

Reference 6

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Observation fefda19d-bf62-476f-9342-a81d024e532b · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Reference 7

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Observation e3849048-9ae6-4931-9f0a-257e1a7a22f1 · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic gradient descent performs variational infer- ence, converges to limit cycles for deep networks.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Stochastic gradient descent performs variational infer- ence, converges to limit cycles for deep networks

Reference 8

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Observation fa6adc37-e9a1-4333-81b1-036b7b5ec6e9 · outbound

This paper cites Entropy-SGD: Biasing gradient descent into wide valleys.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Entropy-SGD: Biasing gradient descent into wide valleys

Reference 9

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Observation e3b06684-69c2-45c8-8162-1cc2a6d9f69b · outbound

This paper cites Convergence diagnostics for stochastic gradient descent with constant learning rate.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Convergence diagnostics for stochastic gradient descent with constant learning rate

Reference 10

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Observation 961ad5b2-8ec7-4673-bfc3-d1623dc07ab7 · outbound

This paper cites Sudden drops in the loss: Syntax acquisition, phase transitions, and simplicity bias in MLMs.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Sudden drops in the loss: Syntax acquisition, phase transitions, and simplicity bias in MLMs

Reference 11

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Observation cc138851-290c-4b68-8622-d741abb879fc · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic collapse: How gra- dient noise attracts SGD dynamics towards simpler subnetworks.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Stochastic collapse: How gra- dient noise attracts SGD dynamics towards simpler subnetworks

Reference 12

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Observation 7422fef2-f593-4b54-942f-20077021b893 · outbound

This paper cites Symbolic discovery of optimization algorithms.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Symbolic discovery of optimization algorithms

Reference 13

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Observation 16d05eca-ae36-4b1d-8361-dbe6d71bc8d8 · outbound

This paper cites Gradient descent on neural networks typically occurs at the edge of stability.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Gradient descent on neural networks typically occurs at the edge of stability

Reference 14

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Observation 2b1a750f-4c4b-471b-ad38-a82be506ce70 · outbound

This paper cites URL https://constructor.tech/products/ research-platform.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training URL https://constructor.tech/products/ research-platform

Reference 15

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Observation 966fca58-2736-4112-81f1-87aba74e8ed3 · outbound

This paper cites Determining intrinsic dimension and entropy of high-dimensional shape spaces.Modeling and Simulation in Science, Engineering and Technology, pages 231–252,.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Determining intrinsic dimension and entropy of high-dimensional shape spaces.Modeling and Simulation in Science, Engineering and Technology, pages 231–252,

Reference 16

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Observation 1a6b142d-03bf-4d07-b6f5-f8c36e64625b · outbound

This paper cites Why do we need weight decay in modern deep learning? InAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2024.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Why do we need weight decay in modern deep learning? InAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2024

Reference 17

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Observation 91df84ab-a8df-416c-aae8-7be012c5531e · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding

Reference 18

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Observation 0918aa1a-5731-47e4-8aa1-ed4a0a3bc1fa · outbound

This paper cites Essentially no barriers in neural network energy landscape.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Essentially no barriers in neural network energy landscape

Reference 19

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Observation a19d1065-d8b1-46db-8f53-43c663845821 · outbound

This paper cites Du, Xiyu Zhai, Barnabas Poczos, and Aarti Singh.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Du, Xiyu Zhai, Barnabas Poczos, and Aarti Singh

Reference 20

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Observation 76675590-5794-4a6a-8824-09adfc9074bd · outbound

This paper cites A free-energy principle for representation learning.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training A free-energy principle for representation learning

Reference 21

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Observation d8a40732-1810-4aba-8157-d1c6b296f298 · outbound

This paper cites Fixed-time stable gradient flows: Applications to continuous- time optimization.IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 66(5):2002–2015, 2021.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Fixed-time stable gradient flows: Applications to continuous- time optimization.IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 66(5):2002–2015, 2021

Reference 22

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Observation 8b483a68-5559-4e66-8690-821feaafcd8d · outbound

This paper cites Loss Surfaces, Mode Connectivity, and Fast Ensembling of DNNs.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Loss Surfaces, Mode Connectivity, and Fast Ensembling of DNNs

Reference 23

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Observation 576d4845-946c-43f6-86f6-1da01bcffbb9 · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic training is not necessary for generalization.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Stochastic training is not necessary for generalization

Reference 24

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Observation e52ca576-43c7-40b2-81f5-4ab1eecbe448 · outbound

This paper cites Abrupt learning in transformers: A case study on matrix completion.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Abrupt learning in transformers: A case study on matrix completion

Reference 25

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Observation 93369438-8a66-4d8b-96bc-4e3ecda53feb · outbound

This paper cites Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition

Reference 26

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Observation 73431ffa-d71a-4c42-8e26-5b6a9fba3ed9 · outbound

This paper cites Three Factors Influencing Minima in SGD.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Three Factors Influencing Minima in SGD

Reference 27

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This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 28

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Observation 2015c824-c544-4b57-b3cf-11d281e975b5 · outbound

This paper cites Kingma and Jimmy Ba.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Kingma and Jimmy Ba

Reference 29

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Observation 231877f2-6a5b-4758-aa3a-d070439aed62 · outbound

This paper cites Training scale-invariant neural networks on the sphere can happen in three regimes.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Training scale-invariant neural networks on the sphere can happen in three regimes

Reference 30

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Observation 4d1962e9-77e7-4320-8ddd-65a345c5c553 · outbound

This paper cites Big Transfer (BiT): General Visual Representation Learning.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Big Transfer (BiT): General Visual Representation Learning

Reference 31

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This paper cites CIFAR-10 (canadian institute for advanced research).

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training CIFAR-10 (canadian institute for advanced research)

Reference 32

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Observation 32b601c5-e9d5-4cd7-9a81-e58de55d9de6 · outbound

This paper cites CIFAR-100 (canadian institute for advanced research).

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training CIFAR-100 (canadian institute for advanced research)

Reference 33

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SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

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Observation e8891303-7c11-46e5-a72a-ea91e4b653c2 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Explaining the Regularization Effect of Initial Large Learning Rate in Training Neural Networks.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Towards Explaining the Regularization Effect of Initial Large Learning Rate in Training Neural Networks

Reference 35

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:40.958072Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation ca1d1278-3582-4bfe-94dc-f0c1cdf38cfe · outbound

This paper cites Few-shot adaptation of multi-modal foundation models: A survey.Artificial Intelli- gence Review, 57(10):268, 2024.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Few-shot adaptation of multi-modal foundation models: A survey.Artificial Intelli- gence Review, 57(10):268, 2024

Reference 36

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verified exact
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:41.143952Z digest=sha256:a5c8f1d2e380ac58b0f8d0251bfc4926c55d84d528d97cab9bf9a482b53152e2

Observation f575c99c-1242-4d96-af71-e05728df534e · outbound

This paper cites Understanding why neural networks generalize well through GSNR of parameters.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Understanding why neural networks generalize well through GSNR of parameters

Reference 37

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:56.450939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:41.225917Z digest=sha256:7b6e9773fbfb2bd0d626a766caf9fcab784181cf3a59cb5be05c65b4bf1bda47

Observation 8241ca34-06a4-40c1-914d-6141f0766561 · outbound

This paper cites Noise and Fluctuation of Finite Learning Rate Stochastic Gradient Descent.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Noise and Fluctuation of Finite Learning Rate Stochastic Gradient Descent

Reference 38

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:48.941810Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:41.344996Z digest=sha256:772cbe4eee2fe07c0ebae6ebd6427f80553b967ff02a88d2260fad5d9711543d

Observation 7c6e4e48-6a9e-4715-b430-90b2723e4a71 · outbound

This paper cites Towards understanding grokking: An effective theory of representation learning.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Towards understanding grokking: An effective theory of representation learning

Reference 39

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:56.234290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:41.465642Z digest=sha256:b649f936964a31b68c8548c54d6b79b986edb41935b42cbde1e56ace64d45e6e

Observation 827a797e-dcfe-4010-befe-06364c2ae4b7 · outbound

This paper cites On the periodic behavior of neural network training with batch normalization and weight decay.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training On the periodic behavior of neural network training with batch normalization and weight decay

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:56.036199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:41.589945Z digest=sha256:041bab5d53175995831ef90956f8fb026d765b754b9fc64787d3b0f847a46ef0

Observation ebebddeb-4929-498a-92c9-45e220a39e4c · outbound

This paper cites Decoupled weight decay regularization.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Decoupled weight decay regularization

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:41.701378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:41.701378Z digest=sha256:9534ba7f8083decbeca4e388bf4ed4a912068d5be1ed8fc958fde94c4409538e

Observation 828f5cd0-057f-4141-a457-5f9059fdb4be · outbound

This paper cites The Power of Interpolation: Understanding the Effectiveness of SGD in Modern Over-parametrized Learning.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training The Power of Interpolation: Understanding the Effectiveness of SGD in Modern Over-parametrized Learning

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:41.855492Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:41.855492Z digest=sha256:ebcb4649d3bf39e25e0dc709a278814da0c3bdbf6fc92c9cd075524c8ea5efe5

Observation 77d1edcc-38ab-401e-b0ef-e3fa9d5b9094 · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic Gradient Descent as Approximate Bayesian Inference.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Stochastic Gradient Descent as Approximate Bayesian Inference

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:41.985527Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:41.985527Z digest=sha256:fb30a13014d797a2849d997c6c9e163fc1eea6b7322fbfa1dc9961dd6d7334b4

Observation dbff6cb6-7569-4135-971f-733035b16bc0 · outbound

This paper cites Phase transitions in the mini-batch size for sparse and dense two-layer neural networks.Machine Learning: Science and Technology, 5(1): 015015, 2024.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Phase transitions in the mini-batch size for sparse and dense two-layer neural networks.Machine Learning: Science and Technology, 5(1): 015015, 2024

Reference 44

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:47.186730Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:42.178037Z digest=sha256:5886badf267240d992aa533f89dfd42d718448a8989b3b7c15ed86e85471605d

Observation e3d4a475-5726-4fab-a6a2-aa39e708545e · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic Gradient Descent on Separable Data: Exact Convergence with a Fixed Learning Rate.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Stochastic Gradient Descent on Separable Data: Exact Convergence with a Fixed Learning Rate

Reference 45

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:48.600944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:42.355392Z digest=sha256:a0fef05b21625a670cd56de70fdc9bce24f0e78024f44ab3ae6041b4e400ef77

Observation c781f22f-abda-448a-8f2d-7ad84fdf099d · outbound

This paper cites Bayesian Free Energy of Deep ReLU Neural Network in Overparametrized Cases.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Bayesian Free Energy of Deep ReLU Neural Network in Overparametrized Cases

Reference 46

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:42.512102Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:42.512102Z digest=sha256:dbc3d7ce22427d7b8eaeb3aa5c876926b7f7222eb7ba7617d536844049c8c5ce

Observation 56031d6d-5de4-4f21-af93-d6af4d27f522 · outbound

This paper cites Deep double descent: Where bigger models and more data hurt.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Deep double descent: Where bigger models and more data hurt

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:55.828535Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:42.607428Z digest=sha256:c87cfda5ff88ee432e47244d9c0e7f502dbb60c470a9af6c70d9b462fff286e6

Observation 7ffc897f-72ea-47a6-bea6-e32e919e7dbe · outbound

This paper cites LR0.FM: Low-resolution zero-shot classification benchmark for foundation models.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training LR0.FM: Low-resolution zero-shot classification benchmark for foundation models

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:55.617982Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:42.722384Z digest=sha256:7802f104ef75ab03f282e6c39e8349c0f6e412db524c8eba7a1accfcf487e6fc

Observation 1de94719-1f6a-4d71-bf51-888bc13cb8d8 · outbound

This paper cites Loss landscape: SGD has a better view.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Loss landscape: SGD has a better view

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:55.566771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:42.817525Z digest=sha256:3c6114fbf475622f5af742019a764b509fea25fa3b76053f057a607461548da0

Observation d099425f-38a9-4378-810d-088fb2301e2c · outbound

This paper cites Grokking: Generalization Beyond Overfitting on Small Algorithmic Datasets.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Grokking: Generalization Beyond Overfitting on Small Algorithmic Datasets

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:42.923436Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:42.923436Z digest=sha256:09528f505a8ab158531bb8904cff89d5d3322fad686647137f5ec240a555e507

Observation 37f347c5-f46a-48a5-9ea0-de6afe4c3d50 · outbound

This paper cites Accelerating Large Batch Training via Gradient Signal to Noise Ratio (GSNR).

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Accelerating Large Batch Training via Gradient Signal to Noise Ratio (GSNR)

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:43.019137Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:43.019137Z digest=sha256:8837ebbb0473880e8c393f910add2268fb76780e1045cc25c52f3f9d5e2b7b5a

Observation cf4970ed-0469-497f-8a72-61ba9cb8f5d3 · outbound

This paper cites Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision

Reference 52

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:55.384360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:43.098578Z digest=sha256:426bc92213d49f04ec5986f910ac9db2b64deb52cbbb8b95f214b4521160a56d

Observation c01f840f-b890-48a8-9bd6-8d601ae36896 · outbound

This paper cites Where do large learning rates lead us? InAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2024.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Where do large learning rates lead us? InAdvances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2024

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:55.111425Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:43.211101Z digest=sha256:da1940ae4ec3698f4c3b112accb43872d311d81f30ea3b0a44d6da02ea6417ae

Observation 0e38b7c4-cdf5-48af-8f49-a64a26b5ae39 · outbound

This paper cites On the different regimes of stochastic gradient descent.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training On the different regimes of stochastic gradient descent

Reference 54

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:46.818627Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:43.295654Z digest=sha256:971286e25e4b8c0566b71621e329e1d4ae96ddad635500e77a94a349db250deb

Observation 8bff367d-c3eb-4f2e-9e81-ef15edefd85c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:54.855090Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:43.496452Z digest=sha256:8600d95923372d7472aab79cdf1b787716d51f2a36ad36602d77d77451071d54

Observation 7d61f117-34a8-45cb-ae16-2c4881bc476d · outbound

This paper cites On the Generalization Benefit of Noise in Stochastic Gradient Descent.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training On the Generalization Benefit of Noise in Stochastic Gradient Descent

Reference 56

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:48.284766Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:43.574615Z digest=sha256:9cb8a4752231a63278b2c58166c9ff9fff4d98a567fe86143902c504b326a504

Observation f6fec504-538a-4709-8a10-96d443fc7f7d · outbound

This paper cites On the origin of implicit regular- ization in stochastic gradient descent.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training On the origin of implicit regular- ization in stochastic gradient descent

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:54.580089Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:43.678452Z digest=sha256:99a75f6c50ca208d0b68595b51e3499476dbb1cafd2af0e0bea43a63c014e9a9

Observation 53d40a8b-67e4-44b8-a71e-b3fa1970713e · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the imitation game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models.Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2023.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Beyond the imitation game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models.Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2023

Reference 58

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:54.032448Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:43.941915Z digest=sha256:bd8d7d270b6f6dd06bfe0fd82013f8b894019dde28f2130c2acbad3fb11cd951

Observation f553db86-34a5-4eb8-bc03-012018789d0a · outbound

This paper cites Unleashing the power of gradient signal-to-noise ratio for zero-shot NAS.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Unleashing the power of gradient signal-to-noise ratio for zero-shot NAS

Reference 59

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:44.069104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:44.069104Z digest=sha256:28c4c4a6398cba25e383bac038799bd77fd6ef9dc3570fb85e71bc9e151e2603

Observation 328c658d-3707-4117-8e0a-39fdf8de6db0 · outbound

This paper cites Deep learning and the information bottleneck principle,.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Deep learning and the information bottleneck principle,

Reference 60

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:53.747474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:44.188196Z digest=sha256:0983241952fe28b6c59de15968d35a01fce9fc9a1e11c436f48397383c774a3f

Observation c6382461-7c03-4953-8b2a-bf1fc8f2f61e · outbound

This paper cites The discovery of superconductivity.Physics Today, 63(9):38–43,.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training The discovery of superconductivity.Physics Today, 63(9):38–43,

Reference 61

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:53.425800Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:44.366536Z digest=sha256:0a0302b0ac212fb6dd2015566a09f434ac97bd757a67c5868370e5864f4f8e0f

Observation c81ca0d2-a013-4afd-9237-66511ad32f92 · outbound

This paper cites A survey of basic thermodynamics, 2004.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training A survey of basic thermodynamics, 2004

Reference 62

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:53.156648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:44.586912Z digest=sha256:4d2f288193becc56fd5692a07219c8562e621d09138216e4f3851c5804c4ae72

Observation a41a7fe5-488a-4fe5-99fa-cfca3b4be752 · outbound

This paper cites Chi, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Oriol Vinyals, Percy Liang, Jeff Dean, and William Fedus.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Chi, Tatsunori Hashimoto, Oriol Vinyals, Percy Liang, Jeff Dean, and William Fedus

Reference 63

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:52.817300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:44.741482Z digest=sha256:debf67e10964ad0b11040f547c4d1b1f8ab32066df44b67384282a3660644dba

Observation 6e7e1725-9700-4565-b8c1-8edda39592b0 · outbound

This paper cites Bayesian learning via stochastic gradient langevin dynamics.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Bayesian learning via stochastic gradient langevin dynamics

Reference 64

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:52.531469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:44.876386Z digest=sha256:530e32ef662fc1698ea35679bcc87b042a8ec451566737075c7f492c5a23bb43

Observation d38b50ff-745b-4cc9-a359-5708d3fc7698 · outbound

This paper cites Towards few- shot adaptation of foundation models via multitask finetuning.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Towards few- shot adaptation of foundation models via multitask finetuning

Reference 65

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:52.147253Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:44.979783Z digest=sha256:cc4e37b5a21cb340f2fe358aa6cdcc66ab1b1883372a23d0051475d5465691a0

Observation fc4b5a34-80a4-473f-af50-29d8dd8d6472 · outbound

This paper cites Fluctuation-dissipation relations for stochastic gradient descent.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Fluctuation-dissipation relations for stochastic gradient descent

Reference 66

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:51.794687Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:45.148706Z digest=sha256:50bb68db6cce527c78835ea74ab8b51bf978471e46dfb807193b3fe274f82014

Observation faf4f39e-dd6a-4079-a3d0-c9e1dd180e17 · outbound

This paper cites How Does Learning Rate Decay Help Modern Neural Networks?.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training How Does Learning Rate Decay Help Modern Neural Networks?

Reference 67

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:45.281153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:45.281153Z digest=sha256:15cf64caff22a46b216917f7971f699248df27ee4b63a7bf809b8133e25c6273

Observation 7b3fab21-76e1-4d7e-ba52-3c684d880759 · outbound

This paper cites Saxe, Madhu S.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Saxe, Madhu S

Reference 68

Resolution
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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:45.411715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:45.411715Z digest=sha256:fc1a9ae5c62028bf1abafa7f177eaccde0b75f386ce8b9a4eea7c96f5637f0a8

Observation 81a29911-f563-4fdb-99d5-79ca2eeb6d7f · outbound

This paper cites Strength of minibatch noise in SGD.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Strength of minibatch noise in SGD

Reference 69

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:51.465143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:45.569826Z digest=sha256:c60eb3ab1f7c2298f59fe59ec541443cf14193e48e1d7b9bf6f607dd19db2a1c

Observation 23174278-5a2e-4102-a24b-ad149a96c37a · outbound

This paper cites Stochastic gradient descent opti- mizes over-parameterized deep ReLU networks, 2018.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Stochastic gradient descent opti- mizes over-parameterized deep ReLU networks, 2018

Reference 70

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:51.044331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:45.709225Z digest=sha256:1f070145c6fce411a99846fd5178601c7b26cfbb98ade7b93a041dd855360381

Observation 81c054d8-a7b3-4c13-be06-505ae14b05ce · outbound

This paper cites g., unit sphere in our case), can be interpreted as fixed volume.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training g., unit sphere in our case), can be interpreted as fixed volume

Reference 77

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:50.794185Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:45.857082Z digest=sha256:f3bdafb7a5e8b7998f01c83995487a2ee54abe6effae71b0cc7df93e602473eb

Observation 93744545-3594-4ef4-80f8-fe9de8266bcb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 78

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:50.601439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Observation 72fb72a9-53b7-49f6-8bd8-c24002a51a42 · outbound

This paper cites An additional justification for using the Helmholtz free energy arises from the stationary distributions of SGD.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training An additional justification for using the Helmholtz free energy arises from the stationary distributions of SGD

Reference 79

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:50.308842Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:46.143996Z digest=sha256:b4839a345bc766a4f8d07461924437afdba34bd00eed6b99b37dd12594694418

Observation 2e36e8c0-bfb9-47c7-831e-035b7aa6f484 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 2007

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:38.550624Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:38.550624Z digest=sha256:99f64daa1771567364e067e5d9e34800022e8a8993644aa85b073cef417dac44

Observation 11e721c2-df99-4bf3-a9f3-95e2df384f1c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 2010

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:46.474308Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:44.474011Z digest=sha256:195d6ea27e7dc39f1e73dce14f0683f0067b912c3b6fbe8fbb7c1e174cd7a65d

Observation 8b7de796-ebd5-4559-89b7-2c70f9b31ada · outbound

This paper cites Deep Learning and the Information Bottleneck Principle.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Deep Learning and the Information Bottleneck Principle

Reference 2015

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:44.291906Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:44.291906Z digest=sha256:ed368eb5e382c00b193f6394c34ff991150822316c89e12948570a41452f9d1e

Observation fc848c5b-e058-4feb-9c30-8229cef5be8e · outbound

This paper cites Essentially No Barriers in Neural Network Energy Landscape.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Essentially No Barriers in Neural Network Energy Landscape

Reference 2018

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:38.980064Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:38.980064Z digest=sha256:e9bdfbf80a8c1fbd0f78c99082e8e82f0a171a76ac91a924c38a0f94d0b108f0

Observation 541da72f-9f5e-4f2a-b0ea-81eb4a9d7495 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 2019

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:58.968877Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T12:48:38.809372Z digest=sha256:71270112085720658515326d7f1cd5f44f05ae204cdbd7e682b4080728856671

Observation ed43d29b-cfc1-4ed2-a31a-9f7e8047b64f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

SGD as Free Energy Minimization: A Thermodynamic View on Neural Network Training Unresolved cited work

Reference 2021

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:48:54.317558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

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Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.