Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.482105Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 53 of 53 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.10315.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T21:15:18.482105Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-10T16:56:54.499046Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-11T07:50:58.913667Z
53 of 53 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation d79ab4db-0fa8-4198-8ebc-3d0bfd3d51bb · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Priv- former: Privacy-preserving transformer with MPC
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 294114aa-be7b-4801-884f-241abd091a1a · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey SecureTLM: Private inference for transformer-based large model with MPC
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 1d8f1bd4-68c7-4ed2-bc0f-dd8e4d8fd8e6 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey East: Efficient and Accurate Secure Transformer Framework for Inference
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 0b9e9f33-d5a2-4489-a6a0-cf25c4b560ee · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Puma: Secure inference of Llama-7b in five minutes
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ce015467-07cf-4a17-a64c-f03c350ba0c0 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b06eab36-6c01-4a71-8b88-5eaf2dde0807 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey A pragmatic introduction to secure multi-party computation
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation d9e61c85-3582-4501-b6b5-e4b654225d05 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Iron: Pri- vate inference on transformers
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 410cbb33-db2c-4c61-b4b7-f34d37c7e17c · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Escaping the Big Data Paradigm with Compact Transformers
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a5dc05be-b601-4584-8108-5e7ca261f0a0 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey SecBERT: Privacy-preserving pre-training based neural network inference system
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation a0303f05-61ae-4ae9-98b1-1071f75dd464 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Cheetah: Lean and fast secure{Two-Party} deep neural network inference
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5e6fe33c-2ca4-43f7-bfe0-39e8c5450a1d · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Orca: Fss-based secure training and inference with GPUs
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 844cd6f6-ef07-412b-b8ce-0a97ad278e12 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey TinyBERT: Distilling BERT for Natural Language Understanding
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 853b9d6c-1853-49f3-89af-3c569c34efb2 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey LLMs Can Understand Encrypted Prompt: Towards Privacy-Computing Friendly Transformers
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 027e772f-72e5-462b-a082-94927beab1a9 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey PPTIF: Privacy-preserving transformer inference framework for language translation
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation d0ec0cb2-f0a3-4493-980c-bc25543979be · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Italy orders ChatGPT blocked citing data protection concerns
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 7f8a07f5-24aa-4fd2-8d50-02886f6a6cf3 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Bumblebee: Secure two-party infer- ence framework for large transformers
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 106a7138-551b-497e-ad11-cf9cea028069 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Chatting about ChatGPT: how may AI and GPT impact academia and libraries? Library hi tech news , 40(3):26– 29,
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 1cbca1f6-4646-4fd9-9cbf-861e50e02b04 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey SecFormer: Fast and accurate privacy- preserving inference for transformer models via SMPC
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation eb47d5f1-060b-4f96-a011-dbc0cf3dd51a · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey {SecretFlow-SPU}: A performant and{User-Friendly} framework for{Privacy- Preserving} machine learning
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 67914ecf-f84d-400b-87f4-a7f615579a1b · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Software division and square root using Goldschmidt’s algorithms
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 8ef32a14-de33-4f5b-8ce6-2865aa428f76 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Pointer Sentinel Mixture Models
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 46f968a7-1059-459f-a31c-636518bb2a64 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey THOR: Secure transformer infer- ence with homomorphic encryption
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 1ea0080f-9cb7-4a40-908c-360b5f63e295 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey BOLT: Privacy- preserving, accurate and efficient inference for transform- ers
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation fdbf59a5-56f1-4e38-a79c-0790688673df · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Powerformer: Efficient privacy-preserving transformer with batch rectifier-power max function and optimized homomorphic attention
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 310e19c3-00ab-4baf-a59e-66cb2de2d837 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Im- provements of homomorphic secure evaluation of inverse square root
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation c21ce529-4780-422f-b6cf-d1d7f973b5a4 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Transformer-based language models and homo- morphic encryption: An intersection with bert-tiny
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 1f2d4ee8-10f4-48d4-a450-b8062b3ee0d4 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey What if the devil is my guardian angel: ChatGPT as a case study of using chatbots in education
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e7e993af-d00e-4559-8a06-ce531df360f1 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7262c1d9-4a24-49ef-b876-67089575905f · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Attention is all you need
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a6cc451d-f410-44df-a335-336044dd26dc · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Characterization of MPC-based private inference for transformer-based mod- els
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
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Observation 651e8b11-c272-4389-9db2-0df18a0dc1da · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey HE-Booster: an efficient polynomial arithmetic acceleration on gpus for fully homomorphic encryption
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 9e90eff6-8fc7-411e-bcb7-99d499319b0e · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey On Protecting the Data Privacy of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Survey
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 44743035-4f25-402e-98ec-d0116be90294 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Phantom: a cuda- accelerated word-wise homomorphic encryption library
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 132e10b9-0361-4e71-a71e-970674782297 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Protocols for secure computa- tions
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation c8d6a9fd-dd95-4b1f-9359-6cbf15417267 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Sal-vit: To- wards latency efficiefnt private inference on vit using se- lective attention search with a learnable softmax approx- imation
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 0d93072c-d614-4996-99f2-e52d44888bf8 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Secure transformer inference made non-interactive
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation da272407-417b-4b85-828c-bdc1b762d9ba · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Primer: Fast private transformer inference on en- crypted data
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 1d18098a-c472-478f-83a8-3ed3afc2a696 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Power-Softmax: Towards Secure LLM Inference over Encrypted Data
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fc4b05af-5b36-40cf-b973-26dbe5ec4c06 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Mpcvit: Searching for accurate and efficient MPC-friendly vision transformer with heterogeneous at- tention
Reference 1982
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ac6133b4-7719-4e03-a267-76712cae608c · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey THE-X: Privacy-Preserving Transformer Inference with Homomorphic Encryption
Reference 1992
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 23ad1240-8526-4759-8dbf-19e812e0fcaa · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Whoops, samsung work- ers accidentally leaked trade secrets via ChatGPT
Reference 2004
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation c82ad305-f98d-4a59-9c98-96607240bc5c · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Ciphergpt: Se- cure two-party GPT inference
Reference 2006
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ab30041a-b8c9-4541-afab-fd826743ab3a · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey SIGMA: secure GPT inference with function secret sharing
Reference 2009
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 972be01a-bbd1-4489-bc56-abd62def6756 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Efficient multiparty proto- cols using circuit randomization
Reference 2016
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation bc46d194-8641-498b-9433-60e8a5dceb4c · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding
Reference 2017
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 73729268-985b-4b14-a458-396d6c4cbad9 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Fully homomorphic encryption using ideal lattices
Reference 2018
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ba0ea994-6384-4eab-8a01-f7c8ed879561 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey MPCFORMER: Fast, performant and private transformer inference with MPC
Reference 2019
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 434f90e3-2153-4ba0-95ed-53765091b498 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Unresolved cited work
Reference 2020
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 1d4fed6b-bbe4-42ac-af3a-d6077b4a97b5 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets
Reference 2021
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 9bd50e27-d444-41f1-a9e2-f54aab2383b4 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey RNA-ViT: Reduced- dimension approximate normalized attention vision trans- formers for latency efficient private inference
Reference 2022
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 560ef3a0-e701-4223-8935-fb9e74b45519 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey High-throughput semi-honest secure three-party computation with an hon- est majority
Reference 2023
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 441eb28c-e047-4e97-af89-d06895dc3711 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Efficient homomorphic comparison meth- ods with optimal complexity
Reference 2024
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 7d7b347e-4097-43d7-a577-b7164b0b59e9 · outbound
Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey Secure multi-party computation: theory, prac- tice and applications
Reference 2025
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 3b4adebf-367a-4a14-a51b-d8b50316348a · inbound
EncFormer: Secure and Efficient Transformer Inference over Encrypted Data Private Transformer Inference in MLaaS: A Survey
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.