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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2509.05420.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.05420 v1

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.864162Z

measured 33 of 33 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-21T19:32:33.621988Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-21T19:34:20.126755Z

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy23
  • unresolved9
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation a4206d12-76e8-442f-aa1a-227d692f49cf · outbound

This paper cites de Vries ,\ title title The growing energy footprint of artificial intelligence ,\ @noop journal journal Joule \ volume 7 ,\ pages 2191 ( year 2023 ) NoStop.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity de Vries ,\ title title The growing energy footprint of artificial intelligence ,\ @noop journal journal Joule \ volume 7 ,\ pages 2191 ( year 2023 ) NoStop

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.384360Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.713440Z digest=sha256:271f17542da7acb652e8ec13e37b83a198254ec82f26ea9ded327f439b98febb

Observation 39086290-69d6-4ef5-add2-b3ecc033adc3 · outbound

This paper cites Marković , author A.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Marković , author A

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.366896Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.718676Z digest=sha256:aac6969e7f33842391d997faef279d11ae987e7ad1da5b8feb5b66396371b4fd

Observation 9d68566d-c89e-47f6-a1db-bf90d2fa2c24 · outbound

This paper cites Wetzstein , author A.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Wetzstein , author A

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.350437Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.723488Z digest=sha256:75552bf6f1cef3fac486deb048bee5eada51f8f3ddb8202eb7475e227ed3a6ad

Observation e70570f3-4955-4f5b-a34a-9f96f5f19710 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.334141Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.729287Z digest=sha256:068a24e546cad6ada20577ec55116dc747b709c4850cc7c7d1015b462122d307

Observation 7519c463-f5bc-4f73-b44d-f2d1cb208f84 · outbound

This paper cites Training of Physical Neural Networks.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Training of Physical Neural Networks

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.734647Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.734647Z digest=sha256:455ccfac4f57cb27e9c61a534e77cb1dc9cb8b3e072aec893e57ae31577662d6

Observation 6f94d2a6-d07b-43a0-98e9-005fdbc1ac2e · outbound

This paper cites Psaltis \ and\ author N.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Psaltis \ and\ author N

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.316996Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.740489Z digest=sha256:7b9f7fd2c5cab9df7b46137352b8d56c7f5f2519483cbfad1255e06f7b2935f4

Observation 674166d0-4fd1-4c8a-8454-a09ac013e0be · outbound

This paper cites Lin , author Y.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Lin , author Y

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.302597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.746144Z digest=sha256:48fd311e05f4bdfbac681ac0a0dd3b32563254588b80298e82bf435455ad68d8

Observation 237b5ccc-8e46-4422-86a4-c6b900c85cb2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.288051Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.750735Z digest=sha256:b1c3caa450de96178002b856919f3f8418479a12e603dd48d289f2c50c3c31d8

Observation 19659fa7-3501-42f2-a762-5f9b39508a72 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.273619Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.755201Z digest=sha256:262fd3cd03491001a9511522db3c883335c463f5ddc09507f103eb78dd96bf6a

Observation 7cdf5815-c7fd-4e5c-bc3c-715ee73e9983 · outbound

This paper cites Eliezer , author U.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Eliezer , author U

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.259385Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.759710Z digest=sha256:3bdc912c9fc4cb5fdbb32fdc44230325d30e4b06bfc853536ec6202c0c43ce9d

Observation 6ef85fd8-ec63-4f9e-9db2-ea45fb0cf4da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.243798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.764424Z digest=sha256:0386327b7b8fb631b037b2a5da06ffbbddc001e59d83d2410e537c76eff2562f

Observation d0320576-74b5-46cc-8e25-102afa122bc3 · outbound

This paper cites Xia , author K.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Xia , author K

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.229721Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.768939Z digest=sha256:d3342eb8c5d02447b8fc2e80bf0d4fea855e5459cdaf33c95240c409d22f544d

Observation 6c7fca51-0837-4f23-abc3-5f86b7b9ab90 · outbound

This paper cites Yildirim , author N.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Yildirim , author N

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.215054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.774554Z digest=sha256:ccbbf502348efe22517de37cf7fe0bd88f7d2517432f2012396b0edea8932991

Observation a82dd7f6-83c7-4f56-b713-e396291e21ea · outbound

This paper cites Hornik , author M.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Hornik , author M

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.200246Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.779542Z digest=sha256:3197c7b86778ee4e4fad852e0ff2903979b946511dd97bf2e20be3b017a2c093

Observation 0494aa59-6c4e-4815-8fb2-a89e3428ceb4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.185169Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.784398Z digest=sha256:668cbe6b1c862db73b311c3e4b654df2faeb9fe50fd04dad4cca6873f4d50436

Observation 6a1c45d7-364e-4c5e-b14a-61f44282d38c · outbound

This paper cites Athale \ and\ author D.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Athale \ and\ author D

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.169489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.788977Z digest=sha256:b05c7fdcabc10daf1c880af8b93a09abeb04ed5441090e4dc294ccc4b5498514

Observation 0609e594-fd67-4a18-adb2-4ab6a10b7f16 · outbound

This paper cites Silva , author F.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Silva , author F

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.153973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.793796Z digest=sha256:693d40264d5b4ae735965f5a060f13a8e90631a17d5d348a992e970a6e5795a6

Observation 7142d9ec-030d-4a55-b556-e27e999db67c · outbound

This paper cites Cordaro , author H.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Cordaro , author H

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.139693Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.798503Z digest=sha256:2e342f5d1f9db6cdd77cf379e4407af7da820111d4ebe45a989740752e770362

Observation e2101b93-e0f5-4afa-9f23-8d87f3c151a4 · outbound

This paper cites Zangeneh-Nejad , author D.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Zangeneh-Nejad , author D

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.124858Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.803032Z digest=sha256:de13e198427c766f2038ebc698bc4c44c5f813a5128a0bdeae8a4221dcbe866c

Observation 7eeb3a88-b8cc-4ad9-abd5-e546e2d7c9aa · outbound

This paper cites Mohammadi Estakhri , author B.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Mohammadi Estakhri , author B

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.111070Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.807365Z digest=sha256:77d356b2ee58fbc466fb011672798dabcfa26bf6433a2978ebfdeeb5aa6d8bab

Observation 9c5aaff8-f0c0-4fd6-815c-acfc20adaf3d · outbound

This paper cites Cordaro , author B.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Cordaro , author B

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.095681Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.812273Z digest=sha256:9769383c657f47c75e8682611b12b7c7bd34a6c7227355eda1701f3125cde4ec

Observation a4ae7287-07f1-482f-8505-d96c88350a79 · outbound

This paper cites Yang , author L.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Yang , author L

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.080786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.816796Z digest=sha256:fd63ee8d8d4f9c90367da908fd61e360ffc27bbd0302812f9b4022866904b62f

Observation 53828583-20de-455e-ba0a-0869eed59704 · outbound

This paper cites Nikkhah , author A.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Nikkhah , author A

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.064844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.821697Z digest=sha256:0ba981da698ca77e73010bf52f03221f4bef508aafdebf63ea987a295e9410ea

Observation 251cf99b-194a-412e-be31-dfcd61a48fb5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.048467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.826677Z digest=sha256:3e540c155c483fcc11aa721c2a163f306ef2461ee0dd996f0bd31d3f747b88cd

Observation c72a08b2-1e6c-4ce2-8333-cc3f912e5372 · outbound

This paper cites Shen , author N.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Shen , author N

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.032895Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.831329Z digest=sha256:68d9a2f71985c74dddddd18e821093bca7d82e4dcc24dcd9cacd7e3e6adec614

Observation cb19861b-2792-4285-b703-728740acf3c8 · outbound

This paper cites Pai , author Z.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Pai , author Z

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.017378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.836125Z digest=sha256:cc642c89fc2c435623a6ce1cd44b1ba0c11d9c16ad27e20f0fe0b4d4ffb45be3

Observation d86106c7-bb20-4dad-961e-0c061342f64b · outbound

This paper cites Hua , author E.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Hua , author E

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:10.000388Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.840501Z digest=sha256:3590e50ab195236e20423367ac0fa319cb3dc50f7413cccc3c3562b060d27ebb

Observation 8aee66f0-690d-433f-9b01-7e9a2a74996b · outbound

This paper cites Yu , author Z.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Yu , author Z

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.984150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.845026Z digest=sha256:b9853c83be7f96a6012e4de054add02847c7adc4d5084b858037c63150a6934a

Observation 0fc1ebb3-32eb-43c1-934c-9cab98c34854 · outbound

This paper cites Bandyopadhyay , author A.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Bandyopadhyay , author A

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.968486Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.849824Z digest=sha256:57da8fbf39a9c23c72cbb1c1829d1281cb6714eaf1e34010bf9753455ca30769

Observation ff868291-068f-4985-9b88-6285b97a37ab · outbound

This paper cites LeCun , author L.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity LeCun , author L

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.952467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.854434Z digest=sha256:628ef28ebe40d804e685e7d39b9ffc54bbe068d3b0f5a2938a0f5622964d1fe1

Observation 3331ff13-aa27-44f3-9085-8ef1bc1dca07 · outbound

This paper cites Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Fashion-MNIST: a Novel Image Dataset for Benchmarking Machine Learning Algorithms

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.859247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.859247Z digest=sha256:73a975c5e3890fe900e1621a2bdcb15e5c66cf0bf7888ceb0ad6e4f57e05ca5b

Observation a8927473-3525-418b-872e-3c6e20f35346 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T05:17:09.936080Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-05T05:17:09.864162Z digest=sha256:2d0ac95f92fc93233ec0e71651b05f908a1cf3d7266a090a340c7842155f951b

Pith citing papers

Observation fba75295-2740-465c-a530-458b79bf4071 · inbound

Tutorial: A practical guide to the alignment of defocused spatial light modulators for fast diffractive neural networks cites this paper.

Tutorial: A practical guide to the alignment of defocused spatial light modulators for fast diffractive neural networks Universality of physical neural networks with multivariate nonlinearity

Reference 19

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T19:34:20.129142Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-05-21T19:32:33.621988Z digest=sha256:ad4ffa9d8f34db0ff0e095ec3aceff338e9b62d5ebbc668e99fe2710fecaf4b9