Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.623614Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity
As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 21 of 21 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.08786.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
21 of 21 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy14
- unresolved7
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation f5d937cd-9bf1-4f4a-a4be-4e1f413c6101 · outbound
This paper cites and Howitt, P., (1992) ”A Model of Growth Through Cr e- ative Destruction,” Econometrica, 60(2), 323-351.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity and Howitt, P., (1992) ”A Model of Growth Through Cr e- ative Destruction,” Econometrica, 60(2), 323-351
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:49.028440Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 453f35aa-86c7-460f-b91b-7a1a3f725d34 · outbound
This paper cites and Tirole, J., (1994) ”On the Management of Innovat ion,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109, 1185-1207.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity and Tirole, J., (1994) ”On the Management of Innovat ion,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109, 1185-1207
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:49.015019Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation de8e082c-5cc8-461c-8857-e8f5e34598d9 · outbound
This paper cites Nelson, ed., The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, Princeton University Press, 609-619.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity Nelson, ed., The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, Princeton University Press, 609-619
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:49.001537Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 7e332d9f-ce67-403e-a185-98cb29ce2557 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity Unresolved cited work
Reference 4
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.988077Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 13b40347-a127-477d-ab73-501bf90f2d2b · outbound
This paper cites and Robert-Nicoud, F., (2014) ”Pro duc- tive Cities: Sorting, Selection, and Agglomeration,” Journal of Politic al Economy, 122(3), 507-553.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity and Robert-Nicoud, F., (2014) ”Pro duc- tive Cities: Sorting, Selection, and Agglomeration,” Journal of Politic al Economy, 122(3), 507-553
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.974890Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ceafe256-e24f-46f3-8ecb-59bd5d337673 · outbound
This paper cites and Stiglitz, J., (1980) Industrial Structure and the Nature of Innovative Activity,” Economic Journal, 90, 266-293.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity and Stiglitz, J., (1980) Industrial Structure and the Nature of Innovative Activity,” Economic Journal, 90, 266-293
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.961829Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 8cbce7f5-b944-4e78-b4dd-451253088073 · outbound
This paper cites and Stiglitz, J., (1977) ”Monopolistic Competition and Opti- mum Product Diversity,” American Economic Review, 67, 297-308.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity and Stiglitz, J., (1977) ”Monopolistic Competition and Opti- mum Product Diversity,” American Economic Review, 67, 297-308
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.949079Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 2d23e6c9-86d8-4d50-913f-df236597a476 · outbound
This paper cites and Newbery, D.M.G., (1982) ”Preemptive Patenting an d the Persistence of Monopoly,” American Economic Review, 72(3), 51 4- 526.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity and Newbery, D.M.G., (1982) ”Preemptive Patenting an d the Persistence of Monopoly,” American Economic Review, 72(3), 51 4- 526
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.936299Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 8ec9af65-8faa-4bbe-88af-52f864a96990 · outbound
This paper cites and Helpman, E., (1991) ”Quality Ladders in the The ory of Growth,” Review of Economic Studies, 58(1), 43-61.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity and Helpman, E., (1991) ”Quality Ladders in the The ory of Growth,” Review of Economic Studies, 58(1), 43-61
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.922923Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 83e77b01-8768-4e3b-b28d-88b01fd154d2 · outbound
This paper cites and Helpman, E., (1994) ”Endogenous Innovatio n in the Theory of Growth,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(1), 23- 44.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity and Helpman, E., (1994) ”Endogenous Innovatio n in the Theory of Growth,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(1), 23- 44
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.909985Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 334c5908-7f0f-4620-8b44-312b387193c3 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity Unresolved cited work
Reference 11
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.897294Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 16ae6b82-4685-4238-9953-3f963e2402d0 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.884151Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation a90a7539-5ee4-46f5-8c89-a4c966f42eca · outbound
This paper cites and Nakagawa, K., (2015) ”Early Competition on Discoun t Tickets,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 49(2), 219- 235.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity and Nakagawa, K., (2015) ”Early Competition on Discoun t Tickets,” Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 49(2), 219- 235
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.871308Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e242cfc9-025e-45e0-8a49-cced2a08bf7d · outbound
This paper cites and Shapiro, C., (1986) ”Technology Adoption in the P res- ence of Network Externalities,” Journal of Political Economy 94(4) , 822- 841.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity and Shapiro, C., (1986) ”Technology Adoption in the P res- ence of Network Externalities,” Journal of Political Economy 94(4) , 822- 841
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.858282Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e5f1e294-af5a-4e19-b6c9-2f6a14464b91 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity Unresolved cited work
Reference 15
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.845478Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 21e66985-3c32-4ed3-ba2b-31b8ca5c82c9 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.832125Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5a75e67b-43c1-41e7-b882-4d4a89216d67 · outbound
This paper cites and Roberts, J., (1995) ”Complementarities and fit: Strat- egy, Structure and Organizational Change in Manufacturing,” Jou rnal of Accounting and Economics, 19, 179-208.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity and Roberts, J., (1995) ”Complementarities and fit: Strat- egy, Structure and Organizational Change in Manufacturing,” Jou rnal of Accounting and Economics, 19, 179-208
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.817180Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 8c2f1c5c-502d-4efc-b84a-a241af8be772 · outbound
This paper cites (1990) ”Endogenous Technological Change”, Jour nal of Po- litical Economy, 98(5), S71-S102.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity (1990) ”Endogenous Technological Change”, Jour nal of Po- litical Economy, 98(5), S71-S102
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.803076Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation a78543e8-c496-45f9-8f9e-f904d7023398 · outbound
This paper cites (In Japanese) 16.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity (In Japanese) 16
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.684806Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 4362528e-9833-41d1-a744-6c2889920c49 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity Unresolved cited work
Reference 20
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.671354Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 19b5404a-f4d0-44bd-aaab-23a0c9e832bb · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity Unresolved cited work
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T15:35:48.657770Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.