Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 31 of 31 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2509.03405.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.03405 v1

Coverage vector

measured 31 of 31 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:16.513542Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T07:22:04.015766Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

31 of 31 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy18
unresolved12
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 39eea3a0-50a8-47dc-847e-3425da6a89b1 · outbound

This paper cites Einstein.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Einstein

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.487023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 06784bda-356f-44f2-9c39-4529c2c2268a · outbound

This paper cites the Wahhabi school of Saudi Arabia.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations the Wahhabi school of Saudi Arabia

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.424370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation f177edce-cb2d-4f9a-b5ae-16b6e24dec9a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.371324Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 6da59d48-25ca-4a1a-86af-1c6c301c6e42 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.297711Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation e4b6dc73-328e-4171-af79-8de8e07c6d8d · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 62nd An- nual Meeting of the Association for Compu- tational Linguistics (V olume 1: Long Papers) , pages 1280–1297, Bangkok, Thailand.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations In Proceedings of the 62nd An- nual Meeting of the Association for Compu- tational Linguistics (V olume 1: Long Papers) , pages 1280–1297, Bangkok, Thailand

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.817872Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation c22286fa-70b2-4b8d-9228-92611cd00677 · outbound

This paper cites Ennis’s teacher.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Ennis’s teacher

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.224885Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 6fa43761-86a8-41a2-a895-d782ce08d5b7 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 63rd An- nual Meeting of the Association for Compu- tational Linguistics (V olume 1: Long Papers) , pages 9691–9709, Vienna, Austria.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations In Proceedings of the 63rd An- nual Meeting of the Association for Compu- tational Linguistics (V olume 1: Long Papers) , pages 9691–9709, Vienna, Austria

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.758523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation defbcb58-5ba3-4615-9c8b-9d773f543cb5 · outbound

This paper cites In The Thirteenth Interna- tional Conference on Learning Representations.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations In The Thirteenth Interna- tional Conference on Learning Representations

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.704393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation c44a2d8a-1217-44f1-8611-e6f5d4b92099 · outbound

This paper cites NeMo: a toolkit for building AI applications using Neural Modules.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations NeMo: a toolkit for building AI applications using Neural Modules

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:14.289006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8747b9d5-5e2a-46c7-9480-abd39054f6ff · outbound

This paper cites Transac- tions of the Association for Computational Lin- guistics, 9:1098–1115.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Transac- tions of the Association for Computational Lin- guistics, 9:1098–1115

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.671103Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b8694b4f-2332-4235-960b-befc52d2fb63 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.626217Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 61ca9874-0b72-47d2-9ab2-2b67a8378fea · outbound

This paper cites In Findings of the Association for Com- putational Linguistics: ACL 2022 , pages 1720– 1732, Dublin, Ireland.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations In Findings of the Association for Com- putational Linguistics: ACL 2022 , pages 1720– 1732, Dublin, Ireland

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.594846Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 70066770-7914-4b57-8c8e-be00e5223429 · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:14.612545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e8d43a09-5907-4c4a-965d-1892d41324cc · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (V olume 1: Long Pa- pers), pages 9802–9822, Toronto, Canada.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations In Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (V olume 1: Long Pa- pers), pages 9802–9822, Toronto, Canada

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.567722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 3237fef2-336c-4cbf-9c99-9c51c0260694 · outbound

This paper cites 2 OLMo 2 Furious.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations 2 OLMo 2 Furious

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:14.785708Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ccdad73e-aea7-4e89-a15c-d695cc12667f · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of NAACL- HLT 2019: Demonstrations.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations In Proceedings of NAACL- HLT 2019: Demonstrations

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.547257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5b7f491e-85a6-4065-aaf2-1740fbbf296b · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:14.964870Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 537abb6b-f7ff-45be-9514-4974a398f514 · outbound

This paper cites Elisabeth.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Elisabeth

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.249947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 55158f41-d1e1-480a-84b3-04aa5fe5154e · outbound

This paper cites The cloze statement must preserve the full meaning and specificity of the original question.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations The cloze statement must preserve the full meaning and specificity of the original question

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.182199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 4c4e8d53-764f-4bf5-af3c-2a521de51e43 · outbound

This paper cites If the question is incomplete or unclear, you may add minimal language to clarify the intended answer.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations If the question is incomplete or unclear, you may add minimal language to clarify the intended answer

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.162597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation a6cacad9-2e80-43ed-9e5c-a8a0e09cce85 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.138582Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 660b449e-08b3-43c7-93da-723c409960e1 · outbound

This paper cites capital city.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations capital city

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.086273Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5d42b904-6cd2-4757-8b94-85628f908397 · outbound

This paper cites Badr AlKhamissi, Millicent Li, Asli Celikyilmaz et al.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Badr AlKhamissi, Millicent Li, Asli Celikyilmaz et al

Reference 2016

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.921393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation c61cda4c-ed27-4ab5-9d25-4d1cb03fd9d5 · outbound

This paper cites the hospital.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations the hospital

Reference 2017

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.521501Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 63ea35d9-6a06-4eef-abf2-eff2373a83bc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.795448Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 962dfd82-41a0-4f20-991f-29a4a403dd37 · outbound

This paper cites Vladimir Karpukhin, Barlas Oguz, Sewon Min et al.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Vladimir Karpukhin, Barlas Oguz, Sewon Min et al

Reference 2020

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.723843Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation cebd8ff1-29aa-4b54-9c37-85e122cb647a · outbound

This paper cites TinyStories: How Small Can Language Models Be and Still Speak Coherent English?.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations TinyStories: How Small Can Language Models Be and Still Speak Coherent English?

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:13.922975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 41c44df8-1f5f-4113-a7db-03e73e9cbe5a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.901104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 0c8f39b7-2a35-4812-9ac4-3b8510ca6104 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations A Survey on LLM-as-a-Judge

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:13.989095Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c1181a1d-e84b-48b9-bdf0-665cb96f9502 · outbound

This paper cites Curran Associates, Inc.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations Curran Associates, Inc

Reference 2024

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.859247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation dc353478-8542-4b40-8af4-9e7e08868a39 · outbound

This paper cites In Proceed- ings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the As- sociation for Computational Linguistics (V ol- ume 1: Long Papers) , pages 16051–16081, Vi- enna, Austria.

LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations In Proceed- ings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the As- sociation for Computational Linguistics (V ol- ume 1: Long Papers) , pages 16051–16081, Vi- enna, Austria

Reference 2025

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-05T11:01:17.874870Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 1bf76fea-cc1e-482c-a64d-c3574953aa30 · inbound

LLM generation novelty through the lens of semantic similarity cites this paper.

LLM generation novelty through the lens of semantic similarity LMEnt: A Suite for Analyzing Knowledge in Language Models from Pretraining Data to Representations

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T07:22:04.015766Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.