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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 23 of 23 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.06015.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1908.06015 v1

Coverage vector

measured 23 of 23 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:29.943779Z

measured 23 of 23 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

23 of 23 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy23
  • unresolved0
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 37c8bb57-1297-42ed-bc90-f30617b96594 · outbound

This paper cites A system atic review to calculate background miscarriage rates using life table analysis.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes A system atic review to calculate background miscarriage rates using life table analysis

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:31.158366Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.364373Z digest=sha256:b09114583d8ad29856a8b1d6ccf0fc414c39f4b450a90c0e005726cfa70ef9dc

Observation 2eb2e7b2-1773-4e97-908e-35d2f2206967 · outbound

This paper cites Deaths: final data for 2016.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Deaths: final data for 2016

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:31.146310Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.437266Z digest=sha256:daf26110a22968d2a02930c5da461cdb80996210371da13549b89f6c96d9a6a0

Observation 02ca3de8-afc0-408a-a977-e7e1cee16012 · outbound

This paper cites Estimated pregnancy rates and rates of pregnancy outcomes for the United States, 1990-2008.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Estimated pregnancy rates and rates of pregnancy outcomes for the United States, 1990-2008

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:31.114133Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.460522Z digest=sha256:b577d59dcd95693a317463b3947b24e70a626ea4095c3d16dfc3c12a8d73c93d

Observation 1783e88f-56b1-45d3-a77b-0c934e693eea · outbound

This paper cites Update on overall prevalence of major birth defects—Atlanta, Georgia, 1978-2005.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Update on overall prevalence of major birth defects—Atlanta, Georgia, 1978-2005

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:31.032812Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.464693Z digest=sha256:e75cfeaaecf7f8ca5375d1415d43d95ea73fd63e5e16b74e9fa017110310c391

Observation 7b70cf11-448b-4b80-b1e1-281f9aae116e · outbound

This paper cites Fetal and perinatal mortality: United States, 2013.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Fetal and perinatal mortality: United States, 2013

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.984787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.468174Z digest=sha256:927b56f74efaf3f746148c89fb5c756d714091781f5805360a76a64db9fbcb86

Observation a1536643-dfb6-439c-8f1d-5bcefe298c48 · outbound

This paper cites Effects of maternal age and age -specific preterm birth rates on overall preterm birth rates —United States, 2007 and 2014.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Effects of maternal age and age -specific preterm birth rates on overall preterm birth rates —United States, 2007 and 2014

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.960676Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.472156Z digest=sha256:06bb6311bdccc6c87be5be202de797e6c0ea10b0d0ff3dcd94b3703b7c63c109

Observation e2b25567-6742-479d-bb18-638f596649d7 · outbound

This paper cites Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.948140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.476189Z digest=sha256:3a25fc2b33edd045ca971f6a954ac800b3f0c0c1247c52b1463bf344d1c37fa1

Observation 503365a4-61eb-45b7-8882-dfaead109867 · outbound

This paper cites Epidemiology and the medical causes of miscarriage.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Epidemiology and the medical causes of miscarriage

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.886890Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.480936Z digest=sha256:9e5940cd91019df78de013087a2492ba171dc8147292c44336524fd67257c926

Observation 2bbf6d99-1a54-4c59-9023-c64649444156 · outbound

This paper cites Comparison of the aetiology of stillbirth over five decades in a single centre: a retrospective study.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Comparison of the aetiology of stillbirth over five decades in a single centre: a retrospective study

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.795780Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.612276Z digest=sha256:ded8b1dc415e2ee9de0c81040d98feeb7e48f35d94a38677f9244fb23c763365

Observation cb4bd154-2111-4093-8cd2-cd8e1e5bc3b2 · outbound

This paper cites BMJ 2017;357:j2249.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes BMJ 2017;357:j2249

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.717680Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.678430Z digest=sha256:6b82a388ab94262ee61975eda36dc1fa0c083f378850abe9d4aeb83b54a5db05

Observation 98d94c0d-427c-4433-aa45-a904ab74e31c · outbound

This paper cites Spontaneous preterm birth, a clinical dilemma: etiologic, pathophysiologic and genetic heterogeneities and racial disparity.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Spontaneous preterm birth, a clinical dilemma: etiologic, pathophysiologic and genetic heterogeneities and racial disparity

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.576819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.765681Z digest=sha256:9bae4b5f16e35fa8322c47c99c052ddd82744c7199feadc70f7552ab1d01bb70

Observation 7d3fb9b5-e451-45e2-ade4-f8ad0b387803 · outbound

This paper cites Social Media Use in 2018.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Social Media Use in 2018

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.448394Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.770013Z digest=sha256:5938f20b3fc70a6caa200d9786a7bd1e19e58af62c87401125d7c77b64f3c877

Observation 04186ec0-6165-42f9-8102-0780efd7b8b4 · outbound

This paper cites Social media mining for birth defects research: a rule -based, bootstrapping approach to collecting data for rare health -related events on Twitter.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Social media mining for birth defects research: a rule -based, bootstrapping approach to collecting data for rare health -related events on Twitter

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.439187Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.774084Z digest=sha256:224dc2143d5d89f77262203e6bc239ff3310a32ddd332f019a4f32a3c51823de

Observation 568bc63f-c6db-4139-b7b2-a5185ae8c353 · outbound

This paper cites Discovering cohorts of pregnant women from social media for safety surveillance and analysis.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Discovering cohorts of pregnant women from social media for safety surveillance and analysis

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.426299Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.783618Z digest=sha256:45ea012a77d6a64a152baf29c6d72cd2ebaf556a4c464a7342c6e3a87eb44feb

Observation 3ee72f85-2aef-4293-9ef6-e3294602a102 · outbound

This paper cites Pharmacoepidemiologic evaluation of birth defects from health -related postings in social media during pregnancy.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Pharmacoepidemiologic evaluation of birth defects from health -related postings in social media during pregnancy

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.414386Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.789616Z digest=sha256:bffea33a1632927263020aaa6a320c72ec35a494a1686490fc97dd181099c032

Observation 0f7cd435-6a2d-4915-aa2e-b38fe62e44c1 · outbound

This paper cites Detecting personal medication intake in Twitter: an annotated corpus and baseline classification system.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Detecting personal medication intake in Twitter: an annotated corpus and baseline classification system

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.403491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.879011Z digest=sha256:d8d9fcad0a0c6b89c7d9693086946bd4ebce095942568ba6fae3dfae0dea19ae

Observation 855436e8-8238-4f48-98f0-6cd0d2cbd530 · outbound

This paper cites A systematic review of pregnancy exposure registries: examination of protocol -specified pregnancy outcomes, target sample size, and comparator selection.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes A systematic review of pregnancy exposure registries: examination of protocol -specified pregnancy outcomes, target sample size, and comparator selection

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.391964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.921254Z digest=sha256:b5053afd77f8081f25f8d33f3088790e6685e5febd4506917de25c320e3a7285

Observation b4b8d8f5-e3d5-423c-8bbd-beecba76f732 · outbound

This paper cites Risk of adverse birth outcome and miscarriage in pregnant users of non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs: population based observational and case -control study.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Risk of adverse birth outcome and miscarriage in pregnant users of non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs: population based observational and case -control study

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.278960Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.926004Z digest=sha256:348b2894127149935650d5c19aaeefb191b32125172b1fb4359acacfa43abbd1

Observation 7a8ff61b-9666-41a5-8d98-0caea54c17b4 · outbound

This paper cites An unsupervised and c ustomizable misspelling generator for mining n oisy health-related text sources.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes An unsupervised and c ustomizable misspelling generator for mining n oisy health-related text sources

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.265746Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.929476Z digest=sha256:907b1ceb48a4ad40a9baaab13a1fb32ef309100948d02b214636078471252d45

Observation 24df97ac-e259-4704-a949-e82aff926ca8 · outbound

This paper cites Top Names of the Period 2010 -2018.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Top Names of the Period 2010 -2018

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.254824Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.933418Z digest=sha256:aa34156e153386ba426f9b938fa2267a1a7e19bc39c2337534e7cf50ad3ede66

Observation 79e19f0d-ad0d-4957-9c6c-2ef8808d912f · outbound

This paper cites An algorithm for suffix stripping.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes An algorithm for suffix stripping

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.243641Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.936380Z digest=sha256:d10bb203a9b823e2586d7d475083bc331c154b974e14737373bc8a603a4a90c3

Observation b363e642-b416-4752-a7d0-eaae6e82f632 · outbound

This paper cites Part-of-speech tagging for Twitter: word clusters and other advances.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Part-of-speech tagging for Twitter: word clusters and other advances

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.150436Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.940203Z digest=sha256:314c0a0bd96c4cd0eb3b408a76d60fddf08bb32bf08387da3efa9ef0f471ac55

Observation 7aafd973-2d0e-4c0f-953b-8ce821cb8703 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic.

Automatically Identifying Comparator Groups on Twitter for Digital Epidemiology of Pregnancy Outcomes Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:03:30.013020Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T13:03:29.943779Z digest=sha256:468196d85b0deeb67e42d9342fbc2eee06ffcfd312a480085d872c561c12f59e

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.