Transparent matte surfaces enabled by asymmetric diffusion of white light

The traditional wisdom for achieving transparency is to minimize disordered scattering within and on the surface of materials, so as to avoid translucency. However, the lack of disordered scattering also deprives the possibility of achieving a matte surface, resulting in the specular reflection and glare on transparent materials as a severe light pollution issue. In this work, we propose a solution utilizing optical metasurfaces1-2 to overcome this long-existing dilemma. Our approach leverages an asymmetric background in metasurface design to achieve highly asymmetric diffusion of white light, maximizing diffusion in reflection while minimizing it in transmission across the entire visible spectrum. Using industrial lithography, we have created macroscale transparent matte surfaces with both strong matte appearance and clear transparency, defying the conventional belief that these two optical features are incompatible. These surfaces provide a remarkable phenomenon of switching between transparent or matte appearances via the brightness contrast between the front and rear ambient lights. They also support a unique application in transparent displays and augmented reality, offering perfectly preserved clarity, wide viewing angles, full color, and one-sided displays capabilities. Our findings usher in a new era of optical materials where the desirable properties of both transparent and matte appearances can be seamlessly merged.