Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation?

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 52 of 52 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.22946.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.22946 v1

Coverage vector

measured 52 of 52 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:14.845361Z

measured 54 of 54 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-05T17:45:39.677679Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-04T03:29:29.256949Z

Reference resolution

52 of 52 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy0
unresolved51
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation abe19166-c090-428c-876b-54dcea8958fd · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:08.780107Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 71d99d53-edcd-4eb0-927a-3d4e9b342c0e · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:08.901325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cadc6b15-7865-4b08-ae0b-574f6a1014c0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:21.164544Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 93ca8fa6-82d7-43c1-853c-34dbd8976c31 · outbound

This paper cites Vision-Language Models Do Not Understand Negation.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Vision-Language Models Do Not Understand Negation

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:09.271049Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 37fc0166-c6c4-4adf-80a8-8767447477f3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:21.026027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation cef242b0-1089-4ad0-8650-db38c8cefac9 · outbound

This paper cites RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:09.625751Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a3eb234-648f-4aad-8722-bd6942d21acc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:09.752519Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d984a662-dbd8-4f0e-81d0-95048c32b40c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:20.856771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 0661a7d1-7cb9-4881-bc77-1f742c371f6f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:20.634491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 1fff41c1-26e2-46c1-b3a4-1ce296e3c9c9 · outbound

This paper cites Molmo and PixMo: Open Weights and Open Data for State-of-the-Art Vision-Language Models.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Molmo and PixMo: Open Weights and Open Data for State-of-the-Art Vision-Language Models

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:10.240762Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b43baf5a-61fa-474c-887c-8c9d24388304 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:20.273701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b91d0bd6-aeb7-4315-a9ff-4dd62aa22f5e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:19.987980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 10d58780-2d22-46cc-87c6-b070ba9bb6c6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:19.783639Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b512bd3d-2bdc-4471-b0e1-311996f169c9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:19.545125Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 4a2e137d-9b1a-4d6d-a700-395f96166205 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:19.328461Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 5e95f8d1-91b6-444b-b8a9-6caa59dd4c87 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:19.118732Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 282469ec-9dc8-4d5d-bb1b-907772bd5fbf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:18.931935Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation bdabb1a3-f5e2-431e-a9a8-74cd303c8401 · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:11.528550Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6e39979e-f7ec-43fb-8c7e-8b505983bd7e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:18.724443Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 6e5cf442-059e-4e79-88c8-761c90f0621f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:18.487515Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 8f4e72f7-860d-485d-9e4c-a36f67fb21f0 · outbound

This paper cites OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:11.845966Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 568d8766-8268-4805-853f-3411144c6ac5 · outbound

This paper cites TableVQA-Bench: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark on Multiple Table Domains.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? TableVQA-Bench: A Visual Question Answering Benchmark on Multiple Table Domains

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:11.975554Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2c8b167b-5803-4cac-a5d2-d5991f93eff2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:18.310494Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 52c44d93-8b45-4249-9895-baeb1fecb753 · outbound

This paper cites BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:12.120739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f2010817-8402-481a-ae92-af0238e49c21 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:18.167819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 254f306c-60e5-4760-9514-928aeb945faa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:17.971024Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 9e2aa422-9666-49fa-aca0-8a93c386e3af · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:12.388157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 55de67b3-f771-46ac-b145-3637ba3e7b74 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-VL: Towards Real-World Vision-Language Understanding.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? DeepSeek-VL: Towards Real-World Vision-Language Understanding

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:12.524477Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c159a8f2-e6eb-4b30-baad-e5992d02717b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:17.805423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 76029d5f-d82f-4111-8789-ec3b6e786c4d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:17.656014Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation f2898ab1-7cfc-43d2-88e0-9a0152cd5f9c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:12.889574Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 204b0225-ac39-4cc3-b079-40b40b114a1f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:17.450466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 0f48e0c8-d22a-41c2-a48e-ee3d22807d47 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:17.300404Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 4711b1c4-571f-4ed3-a881-ac5c661a8fb1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:17.120368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation eee509e7-de0b-4e12-8b62-5a6a4947a439 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:16.973122Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation bd6667e8-7342-4c87-9a53-f7889aca9a03 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:16.789551Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b591a897-1eb1-41ed-ad13-2fde041d5015 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:13.490124Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 33696d8c-6855-4474-9b37-72fac1ba07ad · outbound

This paper cites How and where does CLIP process negation?.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? How and where does CLIP process negation?

Reference 38

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:15.151515Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 03aa7bf2-94da-4ca3-aa68-93984a9db590 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:13.680271Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e7e8a351-e14b-424d-a026-b4ecd801d074 · outbound

This paper cites Observational Scaling Laws and the Predictability of Language Model Performance.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Observational Scaling Laws and the Predictability of Language Model Performance

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:13.794242Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 58eed822-6dae-458d-84f3-0a85816c4abe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:16.582982Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation ef9a9219-10cd-430c-a5d6-96b8f159a632 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:16.434656Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation dcf3a320-2ffd-4e23-ab50-8a993d8f04c3 · outbound

This paper cites Learn "No" to Say "Yes" Better: Improving Vision-Language Models via Negations.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Learn "No" to Say "Yes" Better: Improving Vision-Language Models via Negations

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:14.085294Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bed78937-effb-42b5-a052-871d0e83422d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:16.205807Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation d364ec7c-72f5-4645-8840-b1b6faa9a4b0 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision Dataset.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Measuring Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning with MATH-Vision Dataset

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:14.266306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 30bd11f1-5617-451f-aa52-6266361b3509 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolution

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:14.378950Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 35d401ba-4902-4cb1-b42f-f7d35d7b457e · outbound

This paper cites Inverse scaling can become U-shaped.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Inverse scaling can become U-shaped

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:14.478918Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2ac58706-bf92-4329-b1f0-e9412dc9b7c7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:16.022928Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 75fc8f30-56d8-49f3-af78-155b5f22bd3e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:15.839172Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 79310461-5e47-42a0-88ff-9c4aa853b859 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:14.696868Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f0a38fde-1983-4675-a5ac-04a31010acd7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:15.670969Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 6e7a9382-085b-4ce2-ba8b-bf5da25425e0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation? Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:01:15.493641Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 2e70c812-bcfa-4e38-b64a-e6964427c738 · inbound

Native Hierarchical and Compositional Representations with Subspace Embeddings cites this paper.

Native Hierarchical and Compositional Representations with Subspace Embeddings NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation?

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T17:45:39.677679Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15a5f87e-1c8a-4d62-bfd9-2c85d4be5c0e · inbound

Evaluating and Enhancing Negation Comprehension in Remote Sensing MLLMs cites this paper.

Evaluating and Enhancing Negation Comprehension in Remote Sensing MLLMs NegVQA: Can Vision Language Models Understand Negation?

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T03:29:29.259540Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.