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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 16 of 16 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2510.04748.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2510.04748 v3

Coverage vector

measured 16 of 16 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:21.191048Z

measured 16 of 16 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

16 of 16 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact2
  • verified fuzzy0
  • unresolved14
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ab5be660-2bfe-4cb0-85ea-36c5e58248ff · outbound

This paper cites Enock1, Helen Z.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online Enock1, Helen Z

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:19.340977Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:19.340977Z digest=sha256:4a38bf40f1422298371e5961f0f3802e4c53153376e23603691a0757a395c451

Observation f674511b-b05e-4584-93a1-9dc0cd0c8e02 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:19.633930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:19.633930Z digest=sha256:4238ca44670dae82b0dde69fd333fc8127a6666e92311fedae8eb7d374576207

Observation 1d7f222a-d35f-4b08-a036-b824f64e7d17 · outbound

This paper cites The target of the comments was either the Democrats or the Republicans 10 depending on which between-subjects condition participants were in.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online The target of the comments was either the Democrats or the Republicans 10 depending on which between-subjects condition participants were in

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:19.758121Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:19.758121Z digest=sha256:278bf72c829ac7d811d147eaa1c15209cbe794168a48df5baa3b616b2b5a2329

Observation f81dc15a-c28e-477e-9c17-0c6c32524ea4 · outbound

This paper cites None of the interactions were significant (all ps > .05).

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online None of the interactions were significant (all ps > .05)

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:20.051580Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:20.051580Z digest=sha256:80c62ec8e1d5c8966fa5b41597a8d2bae67060ede108304deaa10c9a0864230d

Observation 502963c3-5b63-4f1f-bff1-67da275c574c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:20.734052Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:20.734052Z digest=sha256:8ebd98b57f41e01731f54b20d88f6c7c80b4f05d375e21cba3f6c1ac2afc3a9f

Observation c734f060-f639-4e92-8190-192ecef1ba6f · outbound

This paper cites How can we combat online misinformation? A systematic overview of current interventions and their efficacy.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online How can we combat online misinformation? A systematic overview of current interventions and their efficacy

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:20.855463Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:20.855463Z digest=sha256:e62675c864ac3cf5b5d663601e3fab7a6f4f40d5093a8f18244ec238f77cf69c

Observation 4caadf4d-426c-492a-87e8-da76e01c6fc9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution
verified exact
arxiv_id, observed 2026-08-04T11:28:38.439327Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:20.639481Z digest=sha256:c3773c11059d417b1761c6d247e3e2715e995dd3df387a8a5ae40c0fdb70085a

Observation 65e31016-fe06-484a-8686-712c3f7dea83 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online Unresolved cited work

Reference 308

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:20.420226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:20.420226Z digest=sha256:0bcda75b8eedbf94025d2e6c8091a9ac9d6bae84ea70e71718712c502190f310

Observation 706fadde-fa75-43c2-8bba-89434958a7d8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online Unresolved cited work

Reference 312

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:19.923689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:19.923689Z digest=sha256:4dc60ba24be857978f9f82c1d3874d29c24fb982cfc3b25f1da413d01eaa79bc

Observation 0f72e4eb-b129-49b5-9bc9-209f35663158 · outbound

This paper cites None of the other interactions were significant (ps > .05).

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online None of the other interactions were significant (ps > .05)

Reference 315

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:20.333174Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:20.333174Z digest=sha256:393879860d74d6025cef1710f05f64c6e6b5db12a82288e7445085adb4d31b77

Observation 0b8c6664-d87d-4536-8760-919d64fef64f · outbound

This paper cites None of the other interactions were significant (all ps > .05).

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online None of the other interactions were significant (all ps > .05)

Reference 316

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:20.218260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:20.218260Z digest=sha256:d51bd5420007e00c228f690aa9bf75a70d771cb2efd8f69f0d9fba9d5288cab1

Observation 31b780c3-d064-45d9-9410-427bcc8b0628 · outbound

This paper cites Behind the Deepfake: 8% Create; 90% Concerned. Surveying public exposure to and perceptions of deepfakes in the UK.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online Behind the Deepfake: 8% Create; 90% Concerned. Surveying public exposure to and perceptions of deepfakes in the UK

Reference 851

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-04T11:28:38.043400Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:21.191048Z digest=sha256:38504cf8dad3a5e7dac7b9b800b000f7e813e23b9db04b964070366488608cb4

Observation 6e912e4d-8416-4c90-acbf-34036c668372 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online Unresolved cited work

Reference 2021

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:19.548577Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:19.548577Z digest=sha256:29da0aecbb48bf22d8003b121819d8439b2d0926657a660f271db95a82139ef9

Observation b160763c-7de6-4d6d-8d62-7d28821b4f95 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding engagement with platform safety technology for reducing exposure to online harms.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online Understanding engagement with platform safety technology for reducing exposure to online harms

Reference 2023

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:20.538125Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:20.538125Z digest=sha256:9d233665b9788270bf5c870cc3253416a3c8cb268ce6b6d7e6c6721de725f9dc

Observation 03329a80-9596-439b-95e9-4723d22e2f27 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online Unresolved cited work

Reference 2025

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:19.455912Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:19.455912Z digest=sha256:52518d9e8afe9e6822be82729208f4b7870b22f31236b4a56a71d3f968b2b811

Observation 03effcd5-494f-48e8-8f7b-18752dda56f8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Ingroup bias is prevalent in user reports of hate and abuse online Unresolved cited work

Reference 7811

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T11:26:20.998010Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-04T11:26:20.998010Z digest=sha256:ef73633e57be749b7c8c161ea28636c879574a8386523913904f12348715b728

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.