Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 39 of 39 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.07298.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.07298 v2

Coverage vector

measured 39 of 39 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.149151Z

measured 40 of 40 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:05:57.866070Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T15:05:59.087509Z

Reference resolution

39 of 39 outbound references displayed

verified exact4
verified fuzzy10
unresolved25
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 910dc0c6-c405-4c96-ac07-85fd4e810a6b · outbound

This paper cites Multi-lingual Evaluation of Code Generation Models.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Multi-lingual Evaluation of Code Generation Models

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:47.980691Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2a28261c-86fa-483a-86bd-e2ecb284fd24 · outbound

This paper cites LLM s are few-shot in-context low-resource language learners.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model LLM s are few-shot in-context low-resource language learners

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:47.985392Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1cb4b4a7-bf9b-44b5-97a8-df1fe72a4470 · outbound

This paper cites Fard, David Lo, and Timofey Bryksin.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Fard, David Lo, and Timofey Bryksin

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:47.989705Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4cf05692-cd15-477e-b4b6-38402e437430 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:47.994245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f1706ed0-7e38-433d-852e-fa66a9229c25 · outbound

This paper cites Key ingredients for effective zero-shot cross-lingual knowledge transfer in generative tasks.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Key ingredients for effective zero-shot cross-lingual knowledge transfer in generative tasks

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.254109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 9d53d826-0beb-4677-8dd5-19318303e0bf · outbound

This paper cites How do languages influence each other? studying cross-lingual data sharing during LM fine-tuning.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model How do languages influence each other? studying cross-lingual data sharing during LM fine-tuning

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.239780Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 1289c660-7d77-4611-8e61-75b06cff9cdf · outbound

This paper cites Second language learning and language teaching.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Second language learning and language teaching

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.858073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 76bdf0cd-652d-40b2-ba40-c3d686f6c8a0 · outbound

This paper cites SambaLingo: Teaching Large Language Models New Languages.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model SambaLingo: Teaching Large Language Models New Languages

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.013907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6f5222fe-7844-4787-8238-17d84bcab187 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient and Effective Text Encoding for Chinese LLaMA and Alpaca.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Efficient and Effective Text Encoding for Chinese LLaMA and Alpaca

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.018824Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 283dab9c-4862-4b82-bf9c-11fdd00103ac · outbound

This paper cites CroissantLLM: A Truly Bilingual French-English Language Model.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model CroissantLLM: A Truly Bilingual French-English Language Model

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.023996Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 69b317c5-d542-4933-b350-b787d3d8658d · outbound

This paper cites Multilingual pretraining and instruction tuning improve cross-lingual knowledge alignment, but only shallowly.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Multilingual pretraining and instruction tuning improve cross-lingual knowledge alignment, but only shallowly

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.842698Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation f497aca7-a583-4f42-a252-e58e4e00950c · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-Coder: When the Large Language Model Meets Programming -- The Rise of Code Intelligence.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model DeepSeek-Coder: When the Large Language Model Meets Programming -- The Rise of Code Intelligence

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.032592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1f11a66a-92bb-4390-a994-634165ab7766 · outbound

This paper cites Turning English-centric LLMs Into Polyglots: How Much Multilinguality Is Needed?.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Turning English-centric LLMs Into Polyglots: How Much Multilinguality Is Needed?

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.037931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b8b4411e-ccaf-4fc1-aa83-f40025e998bc · outbound

This paper cites On the multilingual ability of decoder-based pre-trained language models: Finding and controlling language-specific neurons.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model On the multilingual ability of decoder-based pre-trained language models: Finding and controlling language-specific neurons

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.041538Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8236d4bd-4447-4111-8591-9d8ed0c7e261 · outbound

This paper cites Second language acquisition.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Second language acquisition

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.818186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 489718d5-3501-4639-a117-f366d9b1837a · outbound

This paper cites C hat GPT beyond E nglish: Towards a comprehensive evaluation of large language models in multilingual learning.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model C hat GPT beyond E nglish: Towards a comprehensive evaluation of large language models in multilingual learning

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.048531Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation be20711b-066d-444c-82be-1503732163d5 · outbound

This paper cites StarCoder: may the source be with you!.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model StarCoder: may the source be with you!

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.052352Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c0b63a20-767f-40e1-a4eb-252184c9b778 · outbound

This paper cites Starcoder: may the source be with you! 2023 b.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Starcoder: may the source be with you! 2023 b

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.801699Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 2ebc42b9-cdc4-4231-9859-2f8cac02789f · outbound

This paper cites How languages are learned 5th Edition.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model How languages are learned 5th Edition

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.788151Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 9e75ffb9-1578-49d8-b3df-aa2c2c4e47ab · outbound

This paper cites StarCoder 2 and The Stack v2: The Next Generation.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model StarCoder 2 and The Stack v2: The Next Generation

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.064324Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fab0e434-f617-4af0-9bbd-acea7d2a9517 · outbound

This paper cites interpreting gpt: the logit lens.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model interpreting gpt: the logit lens

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.768047Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 3f8c306f-6b90-4ff8-9916-eda1b9880bc5 · outbound

This paper cites Separating form and meaning: Using self-consistency to quantify task understanding across multiple senses.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Separating form and meaning: Using self-consistency to quantify task understanding across multiple senses

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.746546Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 4df633f1-79bd-4d52-9b43-5849a43008ed · outbound

This paper cites Towards a common understanding of contributing factors for cross-lingual transfer in multilingual language models: A review.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Towards a common understanding of contributing factors for cross-lingual transfer in multilingual language models: A review

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.076220Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b75a067f-5cce-4f4d-aebf-0b4b27d51fe4 · outbound

This paper cites Cross-lingual consistency of factual knowledge in multilingual language models.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Cross-lingual consistency of factual knowledge in multilingual language models

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.080378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 263e6940-822e-4da6-bfcc-29db8391be7c · outbound

This paper cites Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Code.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Code

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.084427Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e95a724e-9aca-4f7c-b671-35a394ebb8c2 · outbound

This paper cites Language-specific neurons: The key to multilingual capabilities in large language models.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Language-specific neurons: The key to multilingual capabilities in large language models

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.728069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation a6f607f7-e6bf-4673-ab9e-0f70259aa3c2 · outbound

This paper cites Multilingual LLM s are better cross-lingual in-context learners with alignment.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Multilingual LLM s are better cross-lingual in-context learners with alignment

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.093248Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 642c9c53-91ed-4f21-b2d5-43e15b532b6d · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.098959Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 99aad5d9-ea8a-4a97-a1d5-e05087fcd0e6 · outbound

This paper cites Do llamas work in E nglish? on the latent language of multilingual transformers.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Do llamas work in E nglish? on the latent language of multilingual transformers

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.711872Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 1ee4f91e-d71d-4d6f-a678-7b85a3dba1d8 · outbound

This paper cites Data Contamination Can Cross Language Barriers.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Data Contamination Can Cross Language Barriers

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.324104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b81e973e-70bf-4d62-aedf-e36d0ac71d25 · outbound

This paper cites Don ' t trust C hat GPT when your question is not in E nglish: A study of multilingual abilities and types of LLM s.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Don ' t trust C hat GPT when your question is not in E nglish: A study of multilingual abilities and types of LLM s

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.110932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 90055010-b413-4ffd-8a84-27be25e33454 · outbound

This paper cites Unveiling linguistic regions in large language models.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Unveiling linguistic regions in large language models

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.694039Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 410254d9-e80e-4cdb-bc9f-5aed80afeadc · outbound

This paper cites Codegeex: A pre-trained model for code generation with multilingual benchmarking on humaneval-x.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Codegeex: A pre-trained model for code generation with multilingual benchmarking on humaneval-x

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.677592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 633f9d42-a488-437f-9bee-71c847828bbf · outbound

This paper cites Breaking Language Barriers: Cross-Lingual Continual Pre-Training at Scale.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Breaking Language Barriers: Cross-Lingual Continual Pre-Training at Scale

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.125531Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 565a0d2c-d753-4aff-a036-5edd01b88bf5 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond English-Centric LLMs: What Language Do Multilingual Language Models Think in?.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Beyond English-Centric LLMs: What Language Do Multilingual Language Models Think in?

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.129931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 62d2b82a-824b-43dc-aecf-5f4d21bec4ba · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model write newline

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.134983Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7f8a972a-a883-4899-9fb3-98ebd0fd6079 · outbound

This paper cites @esa (Ref.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model @esa (Ref

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.140209Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 71cfa605-9960-4f17-87fd-670312686a45 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.144451Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 229f2bb4-ed7e-44bd-b9f4-c765d40bf43f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T19:03:48.149151Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation c51acc66-10c2-4359-a11b-2499de1f55fd · inbound

Semantic Pivots Enable Cross-Lingual Transfer in Large Language Models cites this paper.

Semantic Pivots Enable Cross-Lingual Transfer in Large Language Models The Rise and Down of Babel Tower: Investigating the Evolution Process of Multilingual Code Large Language Model

Reference 2020

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T15:05:59.144531Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.