Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Transformer models are gauge invariant: A mathematical connection between AI and particle physics

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 6 of 6 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.14543.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.14543 v1

Coverage vector

measured 6 of 6 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:53.927722Z

measured 6 of 6 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

6 of 6 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved6
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 71908ecd-3bce-4f33-b9c8-edb5f7fff350 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Transformer models are gauge invariant: A mathematical connection between AI and particle physics GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:53.907700Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d41085a6-ef68-4c56-9ee7-b95ceee5372d · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

Transformer models are gauge invariant: A mathematical connection between AI and particle physics Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:53.912099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b5083817-60eb-4544-bd18-0e00baad4ab3 · outbound

This paper cites Attention Is All You Need.

Transformer models are gauge invariant: A mathematical connection between AI and particle physics Attention Is All You Need

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:53.922175Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 69c81635-bf05-4c03-a2bf-d5736728ca22 · outbound

This paper cites URL https://link.

Transformer models are gauge invariant: A mathematical connection between AI and particle physics URL https://link

Reference 1954

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:53.927722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5e0955b2-174d-4009-9ca5-d97d393ee02c · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Transformer models are gauge invariant: A mathematical connection between AI and particle physics LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:53.916670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 14f872da-23c2-4972-a125-50234aaaeedd · outbound

This paper cites nGPT: Normalized Transformer with Representation Learning on the Hypersphere.

Transformer models are gauge invariant: A mathematical connection between AI and particle physics nGPT: Normalized Transformer with Representation Learning on the Hypersphere

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T12:14:53.901488Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.