Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.508142Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness
As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.07013.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
43 of 43 outbound references displayed
- verified exact5
- verified fuzzy38
- unresolved0
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 5cce23b1-7b9e-4ca9-86dc-5362c9f96963 · outbound
This paper cites Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized books.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Quantitative analysis of culture using millions of digitized books
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.344062Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 24e6c5b2-1d0e-4392-8954-3b8541696172 · outbound
This paper cites Google books ngram corpus; 2012.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Google books ngram corpus; 2012
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.333107Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 4e904496-4243-4a68-b894-4c86b0587338 · outbound
This paper cites Google books ngram viewer; 2013.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Google books ngram viewer; 2013
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.323084Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 4f281b5a-19d5-4938-8511-b71d8e706581 · outbound
This paper cites Wordnet: An Electronic Lexical Database.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Wordnet: An Electronic Lexical Database
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.312917Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation d5e5e1da-3962-4760-a0b4-6f7f43bcf43b · outbound
This paper cites WordNet: A lexical database for English; 2007.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness WordNet: A lexical database for English; 2007
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.302616Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation da2d8dcd-f41a-4dd1-82eb-38f42af99bc8 · outbound
This paper cites EuroWordNet: A multilingual database for information retrieval.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness EuroWordNet: A multilingual database for information retrieval
Reference 6
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.292159Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation aafb3aa6-709b-4e76-b43f-726f74fcffcb · outbound
This paper cites EuroWordNet: Building a multilingual database with wordnets for several European languages; 2001.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness EuroWordNet: Building a multilingual database with wordnets for several European languages; 2001
Reference 7
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.281468Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 53fde009-4503-402c-a023-8b8f7cdb5953 · outbound
This paper cites Concepts and methods in evolutionary biology.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Concepts and methods in evolutionary biology
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.271120Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ac1b5465-4421-4ceb-a77f-d41dd2729697 · outbound
This paper cites Conditions for evolution by natural selection.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Conditions for evolution by natural selection
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.261472Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation d4e82ee9-fa9f-41f3-8102-70e2e4be451c · outbound
This paper cites Word epoch disambiguation: Finding how words change over time.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Word epoch disambiguation: Finding how words change over time
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.251131Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation b2ee77e3-46fa-4701-9221-1896551bd468 · outbound
This paper cites An automatic approach to identify word sense changes in text media across timescales.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness An automatic approach to identify word sense changes in text media across timescales
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.240362Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation c65e0873-6a4d-4f55-bbb7-2c0ab22cce19 · outbound
This paper cites A computational evaluation of two laws of semantic change.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness A computational evaluation of two laws of semantic change
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.230284Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 582de66a-0242-4911-b83d-78f32906f115 · outbound
This paper cites Diachronic word embeddings reveal statistical laws of semantic change.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Diachronic word embeddings reveal statistical laws of semantic change
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.220337Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 80f20c3e-f2ee-4baa-b5d1-07281b4e9fb8 · outbound
This paper cites On the Origin of Species.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness On the Origin of Species
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.210470Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation bf208812-7284-4d90-a416-b96f84a2a4a8 · outbound
This paper cites The natural selection of words: Software and guide to resources; 2019.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness The natural selection of words: Software and guide to resources; 2019
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.199755Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e0523f86-d35f-41cf-80fd-b4a014841111 · outbound
This paper cites The descent of words: Evolutionary thinking 1780-1880.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness The descent of words: Evolutionary thinking 1780-1880
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.188119Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation d8709dee-3819-405c-b1c3-c3e0f7819403 · outbound
This paper cites The pleasures and perils of Darwinizing culture (with phylogenies).
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness The pleasures and perils of Darwinizing culture (with phylogenies)
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.177058Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f190d55c-a373-4a48-bf78-dddf5b57080b · outbound
This paper cites Human language as a culturally transmitted replicator.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Human language as a culturally transmitted replicator
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.166094Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5093e329-42d2-45c6-aebb-90ec18e02f7f · outbound
This paper cites Cultural Evolution.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Cultural Evolution
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.154813Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6eca75d9-d030-40e0-94c4-6faf61199a31 · outbound
This paper cites The Descent of Man.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness The Descent of Man
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.143230Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f62ef7de-dd7d-4459-a1a0-428bd33053fd · outbound
This paper cites The life and death of words.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness The life and death of words
Reference 21
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.131905Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 4b0fa037-2f21-48de-a05c-185b5f8897c0 · outbound
This paper cites What’s in a Word? Studies in Phonosemantics.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness What’s in a Word? Studies in Phonosemantics
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.121917Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 383491ae-5ade-4d31-ae71-8896ac787a5a · outbound
This paper cites Languages cool as they expand.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Languages cool as they expand
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.112000Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 323e7358-ba37-42a1-9747-3b3289854e37 · outbound
This paper cites Detecting evolutionary forces in language change.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Detecting evolutionary forces in language change
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.101295Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 26c019b5-5151-4942-a54d-f4a072e2012d · outbound
This paper cites Internal and external dynamics in language: Evidence from verb regularity in a historical corpus of English.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Internal and external dynamics in language: Evidence from verb regularity in a historical corpus of English
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.573651Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 405c41aa-578c-42a2-b686-05c8b42e6c41 · outbound
This paper cites Extracting information from S-curves of language change.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Extracting information from S-curves of language change
Reference 26
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id_nonexistent, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.904413Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6d2b9ef5-b147-4720-b7ad-2ca4cf3c8d84 · outbound
This paper cites The dynamics of norm change in the cultural evolution of language.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness The dynamics of norm change in the cultural evolution of language
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.560794Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 843b86bd-5888-4372-8185-b1dfa7ac5097 · outbound
This paper cites Characterizing the Google Books Corpus: Strong limits to inferences of socio-cultural and linguistic evolution.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Characterizing the Google Books Corpus: Strong limits to inferences of socio-cultural and linguistic evolution
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.544291Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation a6e32f71-56ec-4c35-9320-76a278196fd1 · outbound
This paper cites Evolution of the most common English words and phrases over the centuries.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Evolution of the most common English words and phrases over the centuries
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id_nonexistent, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.748613Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 1369cc3c-9e66-43cf-88f4-5a16ab929071 · outbound
This paper cites Lingua::EN::Syllable; 2016.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Lingua::EN::Syllable; 2016
Reference 30
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.086729Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 3a51fe18-ac2c-4761-94c7-465c67a18832 · outbound
This paper cites A categorial variation database for English.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness A categorial variation database for English
Reference 31
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.074331Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation dd31695c-92e0-4b5c-9517-039590860a92 · outbound
This paper cites Catvar2.1: Categorial variation database for English; 2013.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Catvar2.1: Categorial variation database for English; 2013
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.060085Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5eddd3a6-131e-4f35-94a0-7be3292df03a · outbound
This paper cites A comprehensive phylogeny of beetles reveals the evolutionary origins of a superradiation.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness A comprehensive phylogeny of beetles reveals the evolutionary origins of a superradiation
Reference 33
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.045676Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 437ee27d-6263-46fe-a431-23d5f4525039 · outbound
This paper cites Estimating continuous distributions in Bayesian classifiers.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Estimating continuous distributions in Bayesian classifiers
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.033235Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5c78f28f-d161-4a14-bee1-58793039d5dd · outbound
This paper cites Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques
Reference 35
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.021632Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 673f5f74-4eca-4971-94ad-b448417aa025 · outbound
This paper cites Weka 3: Data mining software in Java; 2015.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Weka 3: Data mining software in Java; 2015
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:44.007814Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5a8c0e49-2d60-49c1-b419-71115d2fc0ce · outbound
This paper cites Information Retrieval.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Information Retrieval
Reference 37
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.993775Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 7afcf94c-81c0-4ae1-8461-020ad765e7b2 · outbound
This paper cites Evaluating and optimizing autonomous text classification systems.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Evaluating and optimizing autonomous text classification systems
Reference 38
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.981774Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 1330f0cd-ef32-437d-b344-5b93fd51abd9 · outbound
This paper cites Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion
Reference 39
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.969457Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation a3c8d163-af26-4959-bda6-c2c8deab34ff · outbound
This paper cites Analogy in suffix rivalry: The case of English -ity and -ness.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Analogy in suffix rivalry: The case of English -ity and -ness
Reference 40
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.957037Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 2ecc7461-dae6-4956-8cc8-387c2c865c7e · outbound
This paper cites Oxford spelling; 2018.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Oxford spelling; 2018
Reference 41
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.942612Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e6e239fc-751b-4acc-9f51-5d6ea7e88c85 · outbound
This paper cites Analogy and Structure.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Analogy and Structure
Reference 42
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.929433Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5347f71e-08d9-495d-abb1-6acb3efc7456 · outbound
This paper cites Improved Default Sense Selection for Word Sense Disambiguation.
The Natural Selection of Words: Finding the Features of Fitness Improved Default Sense Selection for Word Sense Disambiguation
Reference 43
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:34:43.917271Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.