Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:13.631251Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach
As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 33 of 33 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.04193.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
33 of 33 outbound references displayed
- verified exact3
- verified fuzzy29
- unresolved1
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation 5eaea451-257c-415b-a1ec-159d0f238ade · outbound
This paper cites https://web.archive.org/web/ 20190116132315/http://mawi.wide.ad.jp/ mawi/.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach https://web.archive.org/web/ 20190116132315/http://mawi.wide.ad.jp/ mawi/
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.519931Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 2781219b-1573-4528-a755-fe5955f6fc69 · outbound
This paper cites https://web.archive.org/web/ 20190116132401/https://www.shodan.io/.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach https://web.archive.org/web/ 20190116132401/https://www.shodan.io/
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.498418Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e1216516-d45d-4024-b110-2763c1bf1ec7 · outbound
This paper cites https: //web.archive.org/web/20190122170448/ https://github.com/zmap/zmap/commit/ 0bb01d879ebef2c28f038dd032745c72ad5789e9.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach https: //web.archive.org/web/20190122170448/ https://github.com/zmap/zmap/commit/ 0bb01d879ebef2c28f038dd032745c72ad5789e9
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified exact
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.020268Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation c1c2ccfd-e619-4a08-a445-ce808bb5ef8a · outbound
This paper cites https://web.archive.org/ web/20190405162042/http://researchscan271.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach https://web.archive.org/ web/20190405162042/http://researchscan271
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:13.477074Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 048b62b9-f80e-49b9-8178-85e11f89e5c8 · outbound
This paper cites Zippier zmap: Internet-wide scan- ning at 10 gbps.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Zippier zmap: Internet-wide scan- ning at 10 gbps
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.481248Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f2bd8bee-cd94-492b-a029-a91cfbe5e1a7 · outbound
This paper cites A brief history of scanning.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach A brief history of scanning
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.464478Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 2f1a2719-8fda-4d80-baa2-47f92a3e3cbe · outbound
This paper cites Packet reordering is not pathological network behavior.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Packet reordering is not pathological network behavior
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.448782Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 05209410-27f8-4bf6-b3d1-0c97dbc7de62 · outbound
This paper cites One-way traffic monitoring with iat- mon.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach One-way traffic monitoring with iat- mon
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.435473Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation cf2ec935-39fb-4309-9011-6b8339e69fbc · outbound
This paper cites A course in computational algebraic num- ber theory, volume 138.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach A course in computational algebraic num- ber theory, volume 138
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.416402Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 641b6d7c-f9b2-43ef-b3cf-ce745abb55fa · outbound
This paper cites Scan prediction and reconnaissance mit- igation through commodity graphics cards.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Scan prediction and reconnaissance mit- igation through commodity graphics cards
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.400536Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation a5365951-326a-406d-b65a-e5a6804ffc40 · outbound
This paper cites Alex Halderman.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Alex Halderman
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.386772Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation b2e0d5dc-67bf-47b6-9822-dd9ac50810aa · outbound
This paper cites Alex Halder- man.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Alex Halder- man
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.371579Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6463b25e-9790-4788-98d7-87c43ce88d76 · outbound
This paper cites Zmap: Fast internet-wide scanning and its security ap- plications.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Zmap: Fast internet-wide scanning and its security ap- plications
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.356785Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 8509a31d-983d-4c3b-be7b-3acefa2b24f0 · outbound
This paper cites A distributed cracker for VoIP.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach A distributed cracker for VoIP
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified exact
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:13.746360Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6bfc5c7a-3a27-43c9-9a33-f3ff229ebe8e · outbound
This paper cites Scanning the ipv6 internet: towards a comprehensive hitlist.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Scanning the ipv6 internet: towards a comprehensive hitlist
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.341460Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f4456301-051d-4a02-821b-545310ca9fbf · outbound
This paper cites Discrete logarithms and their equidis- tribution.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Discrete logarithms and their equidis- tribution
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.327452Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 9535846c-68af-4acc-8596-5a1764bd108a · outbound
This paper cites Classi- fying internet one-way traffic.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Classi- fying internet one-way traffic
Reference 21
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.312983Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6914de20-aee3-490d-9ae5-dcf25473c9b0 · outbound
This paper cites MASSCAN: Mass ip port scanner.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach MASSCAN: Mass ip port scanner
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified exact
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:13.929639Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation b7f6b5ca-a7ae-4e28-8295-a902d0d01e4f · outbound
This paper cites Measurement and classi- fication of out-of-sequence packets in a tier-1 ip back- bone.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Measurement and classi- fication of out-of-sequence packets in a tier-1 ip back- bone
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.297918Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 29ff5705-08ff-4c69-ad09-35ee5060a039 · outbound
This paper cites Paxson, AW.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Paxson, AW
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.279376Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 29a3d87c-3818-41df-be91-d91b22830088 · outbound
This paper cites Do you see what i see? differential treatment of anonymous users.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Do you see what i see? differential treatment of anonymous users
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.263682Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 94cb1443-c338-4292-98eb-61ba4b77621e · outbound
This paper cites Bursty and hierarchical structure in streams.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Bursty and hierarchical structure in streams
Reference 26
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.248298Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 99767d27-8844-4b03-81e9-0b8cc912e6b8 · outbound
This paper cites Demystifying internet-wide service discovery.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Demystifying internet-wide service discovery
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.235129Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 64452915-c18e-4f3d-949c-ef911514902c · outbound
This paper cites Stochastic analysis of horizontal IP scanning.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Stochastic analysis of horizontal IP scanning
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.221434Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e676bf91-eb2b-4766-b891-cb439be5b6d8 · outbound
This paper cites Profiling internet scanners: Spatiotemporal structures and measurement ethics.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Profiling internet scanners: Spatiotemporal structures and measurement ethics
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.206446Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 861d37bc-c35c-4b78-a8b5-6dfbad7269a0 · outbound
This paper cites Observing TCP dynamics in real networks, volume 22.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Observing TCP dynamics in real networks, volume 22
Reference 30
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.194191Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5f9f6287-ce9e-4cf7-9953-17ff207a12b2 · outbound
This paper cites The state of enter- prise network traffic in 2012.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach The state of enter- prise network traffic in 2012
Reference 31
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.181866Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 18ef9016-d4b3-48ee-bdc1-84f51537a744 · outbound
This paper cites End-to-end internet packet dynamics.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach End-to-end internet packet dynamics
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.167897Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 843b480d-3164-4c80-abe8-0ade232b1aae · outbound
This paper cites An improved al- gorithm for computing logarithms over gf (p) and its cryptographic significance (corresp.).
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach An improved al- gorithm for computing logarithms over gf (p) and its cryptographic significance (corresp.)
Reference 33
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.154343Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation c2bdf205-9669-4c09-80ac-45ee47fb4201 · outbound
This paper cites Hidden treasures-recycling large-scale internet measure- ments to study the internet’s control plane.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Hidden treasures-recycling large-scale internet measure- ments to study the internet’s control plane
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.141979Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 7220815f-c8f7-4efa-9130-ae34a1845010 · outbound
This paper cites Class number, a theory of factorization and genera.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Class number, a theory of factorization and genera
Reference 35
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.129483Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 57bc3811-ef96-4bb4-8d68-99f79008cab5 · outbound
This paper cites A study of internet packet reordering.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach A study of internet packet reordering
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.116823Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 3f083a95-d614-4f2d-b3a0-9c93865ba10e · outbound
This paper cites Tapdance: End-to-middle anticensorship without flow blocking.
Identifying and characterizing ZMap scans: a cryptanalytic approach Tapdance: End-to-middle anticensorship without flow blocking
Reference 37
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T13:58:14.101142Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.