Graph complexity and Mahler measure
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The (torsion) complexity of a finite edge-weighted graph is defined to be the order of the torsion subgroup of the abelian group presented by its Laplacian matrix. When G is d-periodic (i.e., G has a free action of the rank-d free abelian group by graph automorphisms, with finite quotient) the Mahler measure of its Laplacian determinant polynomial is the growth rate of the complexity of finite quotients of G. Lehmer's question, an open question about the roots of monic integral polynomials, is equivalent to a question about the complexity growth of edge-weighted 1-periodic graphs.
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The number of rooted forests in circulant graphs
Explicit formulas via Chebyshev polynomials for rooted spanning forests in circulant graphs C_n(s1..sk) and C_2n, with f_G(n)=p a(n)^2 and asymptotic via Mahler measure of associated Laurent polynomial.
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