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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 81 of 81 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2507.15965.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.15965 v1

Coverage vector

measured 81 of 81 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.032186Z

measured 82 of 82 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T13:47:23.675600Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

81 of 81 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy77
  • unresolved4
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation fa9c6e1e-df4c-40bd-8f84-5928be085e01 · outbound

This paper cites The Astrophysics of Red Supergiants; Institute of Physics Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2017; ISBN 978-0-7503-1330-8.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Astrophysics of Red Supergiants; Institute of Physics Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2017; ISBN 978-0-7503-1330-8

Reference 1

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:37.778372Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation b084ecaa-6bbb-4fcb-98e1-ec9a0a5ac0b4 · outbound

This paper cites A Census of the Most Luminous Stars.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram A Census of the Most Luminous Stars

Reference 2

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:39.014213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

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Observation 072170a2-b014-4c9e-9cae-5d758d67e6ff · outbound

This paper cites The M-Type Supergiant Members of the Double Cluster in Perseus.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The M-Type Supergiant Members of the Double Cluster in Perseus

Reference 3

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:39.001434Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

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Observation 934273db-3faa-45dd-84db-0c15492b6750 · outbound

This paper cites Studies of Luminous stars in Nearby Galaxies.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Studies of Luminous stars in Nearby Galaxies

Reference 4

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.990686Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.788723Z digest=sha256:dc7f9bb23b851288a0725c47ebe9015d3fb8a9541bc859ab82d2c3575ab37766

Observation ca1ce091-add2-4376-ab7c-3d12d1249d28 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.980293Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

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Observation 2b5b231f-37d3-4e1c-9e2a-8731a4ff7556 · outbound

This paper cites The Henry Draper Catalog.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Henry Draper Catalog

Reference 6

Resolution
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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.969255Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

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Observation fc6697a0-2f69-4422-8f16-558f49452401 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.958939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

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Observation ffb65cde-2c70-4081-b1d5-36fbe44d0ab3 · outbound

This paper cites Transformations from Theoretical H-R Diagrams to C-M Diagrams.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Transformations from Theoretical H-R Diagrams to C-M Diagrams

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.948016Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

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Observation f4f717c2-25b5-4fbc-a85d-ccd1fb74cc55 · outbound

This paper cites Transformations from Theoretical Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams to Color-Magnitude Diagrams: Effective Tempera- tures, B-V Colors, and Bolometric Corrections.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Transformations from Theoretical Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams to Color-Magnitude Diagrams: Effective Tempera- tures, B-V Colors, and Bolometric Corrections

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.937066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

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Observation fe7c9710-baab-4e34-aac3-3e248ea4e0b4 · outbound

This paper cites The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not as Cool as We Thought.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not as Cool as We Thought

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.926077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

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Observation 2c9156ef-b33f-4741-8ec9-9ab90edb2090 · outbound

This paper cites The Effective Temperatures and Physical Properties of Magellanic Cloud Red Supergiants: The Effects of Metallicity.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Effective Temperatures and Physical Properties of Magellanic Cloud Red Supergiants: The Effects of Metallicity

Reference 11

Resolution
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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.914864Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.812733Z digest=sha256:de81e130cb1db6d94f485a99ad2d1ff3ecd562cce1d1e447d7dd086d9c52e5f6

Observation c6f5ea79-6c83-4528-9e26-c1d389996b70 · outbound

This paper cites Spherical opacity sampling model atmospheres for M-giants.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Spherical opacity sampling model atmospheres for M-giants

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.904077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.815751Z digest=sha256:186cbfdaa73d66bf18e4202c99518f4c9908be106655de74f23a6e141ba9124f

Observation a64cf661-c154-4f7a-aec0-360a7007005a · outbound

This paper cites A Grid of Model Atmospheres for Cool Stars.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram A Grid of Model Atmospheres for Cool Stars

Reference 13

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.893306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

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Observation 0c945dde-b9e0-414e-87a1-7d2705c95c7b · outbound

This paper cites A grid of MARCS model atmospheres for late-type stars.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram A grid of MARCS model atmospheres for late-type stars

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.882408Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.822059Z digest=sha256:e522efa169d81aa16f30854dc38cc18bb15b1327df33b7939e6304bb01c69bc0

Observation 8d1486b8-e838-49db-8f23-2c91e65d42b9 · outbound

This paper cites The Temperatures of Red Supergiants.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Temperatures of Red Supergiants

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.871739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.825243Z digest=sha256:63e40cec8e3e7c6ef7079b5789e63c24ad17a06d2d91433e3383b77426c3f503

Observation 3af16618-a65b-43a4-80e4-d963b9273288 · outbound

This paper cites Luminous and Variable Stars in M31 and M33: The Yellow and Red Supergiants and Post=Red Supergiant Evolution.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Luminous and Variable Stars in M31 and M33: The Yellow and Red Supergiants and Post=Red Supergiant Evolution

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.861337Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.828144Z digest=sha256:01ce57cb6eda084b144d25ef9b00d3e6a0b5f1ceeb84002be20bbee9c257765f

Observation e1dc6c01-7f58-451b-85a7-9b0993bef46e · outbound

This paper cites An Optical Interferometric Look at Red Supergiants.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram An Optical Interferometric Look at Red Supergiants

Reference 17

Resolution
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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.850581Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.831524Z digest=sha256:1b111e70b8d1b1fa4feb6e82973e4cfa5ce6d68b2872be678797ea585dc999c4

Observation 4a0c48d7-1d09-4ad8-a7ff-9b9f586c777c · outbound

This paper cites Long Term Evolution of Surface Features on the Red Supergiant AZ Cyg.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Long Term Evolution of Surface Features on the Red Supergiant AZ Cyg

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.840208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.834485Z digest=sha256:e7da60ae2e0e00aab011b00bcfbb098c6f223952e2c536de92aaf10de8809169

Observation 3cb950ea-8b9c-423a-8af9-a028b108d673 · outbound

This paper cites Infrared observations of late-type supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Infrared observations of late-type supergiants in the Magellanic Clouds

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.829830Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.837834Z digest=sha256:73a5e03776fe2c173efc64387db1be590c34abc14080bacd6c695cb9a072b78c

Observation b2705d5a-4596-4d51-8af4-e699d2c68c34 · outbound

This paper cites A period-luminosity relation for supergiant red variables in the LMC.Mon.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram A period-luminosity relation for supergiant red variables in the LMC.Mon

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.819404Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.840878Z digest=sha256:b6c7aff5760a22ca6c604f7c58bffa88e4a36167a5f7effbc2ed54ea7a13b12b

Observation 05eff8d2-2015-4191-b284-b9cc77e563d0 · outbound

This paper cites HV 11423: The Coolest Supergiant in the SMC.Astrophys.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram HV 11423: The Coolest Supergiant in the SMC.Astrophys

Reference 21

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.809161Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.844204Z digest=sha256:f5bf57e5b08417cc87003dd2f789eb31027e8d2e04e39a55ac0432aca12f2cbc

Observation a55d79c4-d7e8-41a3-ba62-fd021fd5c182 · outbound

This paper cites Spectroscopic and Photometric Changes in the Peculiar Infrared Star VX Sagittarius.Astrophys.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Spectroscopic and Photometric Changes in the Peculiar Infrared Star VX Sagittarius.Astrophys

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.798932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.847374Z digest=sha256:0ffe40643d39350222043430e518ca16599adb323336e0b416191d90d851c13b

Observation 8737af1f-a690-470d-8ba9-95bb2bc34a0d · outbound

This paper cites Binary Interaction Dominates the Evolution of Massive Stars.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Binary Interaction Dominates the Evolution of Massive Stars

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.788365Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.850556Z digest=sha256:ae1d64486df6fde88479285c1ee0571599e292bfbc39260590848e0ab543bdb4

Observation 5a1a6c1b-c142-4c7c-a34d-cd024b468eab · outbound

This paper cites Colour evolution of Betelgeuse and Antares over two millennia, derived from historical records, as a new constraint on mass and age.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Colour evolution of Betelgeuse and Antares over two millennia, derived from historical records, as a new constraint on mass and age

Reference 24

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.777937Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.853663Z digest=sha256:59ae371cedf07a0c04a4ba28f42da8d6c09f963b4e3a4c54c6c033a6a7c961ed

Observation 539933bb-74ee-44b3-ae2b-ebb70eb2bff5 · outbound

This paper cites On the absolute scale of mass-loss in red giants.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram On the absolute scale of mass-loss in red giants

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.767297Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.856663Z digest=sha256:d6b5432fe49fe16a387a56920d5fbbad266dc9f9c8a3c4f3e023b93c80fa2802

Observation 6dd2f132-6b8e-4ecf-93b0-fdf4c21dbf6d · outbound

This paper cites The VV Cephei Stars.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The VV Cephei Stars

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.756885Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.859706Z digest=sha256:795fbc153d0a1b02a7eca85e5569e9e647c977724836fec302a0e3e550b15291

Observation 9784ccac-3e5b-43a1-826f-572ebe5a4457 · outbound

This paper cites Twelve years of IUE spectra of the interacting binary VV Cephei.Astron.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Twelve years of IUE spectra of the interacting binary VV Cephei.Astron

Reference 27

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.745926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.862713Z digest=sha256:080ce3adaaf7d0c0b33947f191f278e032764377fcbab8912b8426aae4ef5542

Observation 6397fadf-259d-4d77-a88c-31adcaedff35 · outbound

This paper cites The Ultraviolet Spectrum of VV Cephei Out of Eclipse.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Ultraviolet Spectrum of VV Cephei Out of Eclipse

Reference 28

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.735475Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.865796Z digest=sha256:e82a8e3c82851f07f3856dd4a73399b5f26357da75c2fbdf10f2479839a137fb

Observation 39086c71-d829-4fee-b71e-73a0722a65e5 · outbound

This paper cites The System of VV Cephei Derived from an Analysis of the H-alpha Line.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The System of VV Cephei Derived from an Analysis of the H-alpha Line

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.724768Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.869380Z digest=sha256:a6f24558484832dc9960268c349f868c3ce48417dfd30b89cb5e1c98c197d28a

Observation 3211fd2d-29dd-492b-9522-401ab9d3cc60 · outbound

This paper cites The Special Case of VV Cephei.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Special Case of VV Cephei

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.714127Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.872456Z digest=sha256:9fc73d14644c45edc67a07d8c74a3c03f14297bde8ad0b1d9b99b96dfdcdf659

Observation 2971ad9a-5fc4-4372-96e6-c9ab1482784c · outbound

This paper cites A Buddy for Betelgeuse: Binarity as the Origin of the Long Secondary Period in α Orionis.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram A Buddy for Betelgeuse: Binarity as the Origin of the Long Secondary Period in α Orionis

Reference 31

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.703585Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.875575Z digest=sha256:cb4e667c988a3e3c5cb2edfbec20955b3eb2d675bbf7d5bef61993eea8258883

Observation da21a4ef-7a55-495e-a045-32744c7f89d6 · outbound

This paper cites Radial Velocity and Astrometric Evidence for a Close Companion to Betelgeuse.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Radial Velocity and Astrometric Evidence for a Close Companion to Betelgeuse

Reference 32

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.692816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.878764Z digest=sha256:37311ab60d6f65a00bf362d8a8f22641211669db953a978b7051e7416a245711

Observation 8fcefa96-09e5-4602-bad4-1b637494e254 · outbound

This paper cites Two-Micron Sky Survey, a Preliminary Catalog; NASA Special Publication: Washington, DC, USA, 1969.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Two-Micron Sky Survey, a Preliminary Catalog; NASA Special Publication: Washington, DC, USA, 1969

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.682057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.881820Z digest=sha256:c301fb4c52611bb3e40c52319020d0277fe5503ae80cb234406148632356680a

Observation 9c69ac51-289b-4faf-9230-721a8dc9a588 · outbound

This paper cites Circumstellar Infrared Emission from Cool Stars.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Circumstellar Infrared Emission from Cool Stars

Reference 34

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.670835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.884864Z digest=sha256:4d2f50bbda46e02ffcfdcf1c2ef4ddabd252d5fb1c259322304378a59335a76d

Observation 6db6fe1d-e0d2-4e48-9bec-578b6d12bc70 · outbound

This paper cites Spectroscopic and Photometric Observations of M Supergiants in Carina.Astrophys.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Spectroscopic and Photometric Observations of M Supergiants in Carina.Astrophys

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.659918Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.887922Z digest=sha256:a86396facf889da26d90cd41f32e33888942e805e6f6b6cb7d01d8eb8d071959

Observation 76eb6ce8-2395-4c4b-8242-3b5470ad3299 · outbound

This paper cites The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) mission.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) mission

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.649132Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.891013Z digest=sha256:d34a7b4395ee14f6bd107470fda042e340987564511d53d7020c469bc4216247

Observation 93b2876a-1569-4e1b-a761-020631b08629 · outbound

This paper cites M supergiants in the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds: Colors, spectral types, and luminosities.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram M supergiants in the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds: Colors, spectral types, and luminosities

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.638395Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.894199Z digest=sha256:b1dbc2dc49f4d2454499f435812bb5e76cae54acc23f859017cff415829baa31

Observation 8550b49f-1f05-4ea4-a1fb-ccbff3b87853 · outbound

This paper cites The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS).

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.627417Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.897301Z digest=sha256:3d591afdb78924c10e368659378f3a9791e82379a59d6336a37cd98b9679c4bd

Observation d1a25379-0f15-491f-9003-0939ac314f2a · outbound

This paper cites The WISE mission: An Atlas for Luminous Galaxy Evolution.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The WISE mission: An Atlas for Luminous Galaxy Evolution

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.616483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.900292Z digest=sha256:1d5590db5538e1b5453cc25624a41dc1d6977603b4bb087b1a4520b8430b2d98

Observation 9a897879-74f2-4223-89aa-3730b7844e32 · outbound

This paper cites Mass Loss Rates in the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Mass Loss Rates in the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.606302Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.903529Z digest=sha256:d70695a18db9be9c9ce6c81ee91be26798498bd9c5dce1e890bf89f6c1936bc0

Observation 385304a2-23b6-49b7-99ba-9fc283acc75f · outbound

This paper cites An Empirical Formula for the Mass-Loss Rates of Dust-Enshrouded Red Supergiants and Oxygen-Rich Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram An Empirical Formula for the Mass-Loss Rates of Dust-Enshrouded Red Supergiants and Oxygen-Rich Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.595839Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.906738Z digest=sha256:812fd169f02b8ea6e26037e721a0d01f95fb787a56d7b7d25fbf09fc2242862d

Observation 6f6a08de-7215-4ca3-94f3-8aa3092434f9 · outbound

This paper cites The Mass-Loss Rates of Red Supergiants and the de Jager Prescription.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Mass-Loss Rates of Red Supergiants and the de Jager Prescription

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.585455Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.909777Z digest=sha256:42289accc276116c767d8fba619964d71f9428bc44ac3073988b80e7f305763c

Observation 26e54fb2-0ce6-4d94-843e-b2c7dd12556d · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the Red Supergiant wind kink.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Exploring the Red Supergiant wind kink

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.575136Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.912680Z digest=sha256:643e97e47f4522a642fcc0bfb099c5708fd9f177292f38ce3cbe81fc3611129f

Observation 59b4dcd3-cec4-4933-9fe8-28333b57a778 · outbound

This paper cites Radiation Pressure on Grains as a Mechanism for Mass Loss in Red Giants.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Radiation Pressure on Grains as a Mechanism for Mass Loss in Red Giants

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.565002Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.915733Z digest=sha256:881478437f86e4952de252a9b077eed1d15ce91dcd832a39ec732dd92c3a4894

Observation 2f8cfef9-470c-472a-bcf0-946a77aeacc8 · outbound

This paper cites Very Large Telescope three micron spectra of dust-enshrouded red giants in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Very Large Telescope three micron spectra of dust-enshrouded red giants in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Reference 45

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.554541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.918881Z digest=sha256:db0a86d525676a05784572bafdf0137fc6242ef36cf1b083cbd6ca354948058a

Observation 91e9eaef-4e0f-4717-abd5-5b7a7f9df48e · outbound

This paper cites First Image of the Surface of a Star with the Hubble Space Telescope.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram First Image of the Surface of a Star with the Hubble Space Telescope

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.543743Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.921938Z digest=sha256:b39641674c9c5c6e5631c800fc7b6c7d32b67752f490112f672ee7724a5a0266

Observation 827e0617-deb3-46ae-bd32-c40b7bd85cd1 · outbound

This paper cites The Great Dimming of the Hypergiant Star RW Cephei: CHARA Array Images and Spectral Analysis.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Great Dimming of the Hypergiant Star RW Cephei: CHARA Array Images and Spectral Analysis

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.533162Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.924898Z digest=sha256:c6163e6721e465172de8814e94c197a0e0baa2dc7a2479441dfafdc571e53351

Observation bfd749c7-13e4-4ae3-a253-ce040a98a63f · outbound

This paper cites Time Evolution Images of the Hypergiant RW Cephei during the Rebrightening Phase Following the Great Dimming.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Time Evolution Images of the Hypergiant RW Cephei during the Rebrightening Phase Following the Great Dimming

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.522683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.927910Z digest=sha256:1f8d3ec305aa683f862ba6df680142d5149e5154e1d180cbdffd7ac9d1005c51

Observation 358103e2-6427-473c-ad03-413a0f4993c5 · outbound

This paper cites Evolved Massive Stars at Low-metallicity.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Evolved Massive Stars at Low-metallicity

Reference 49

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.512224Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.930867Z digest=sha256:092c5c418860b179e46e2e8ea6feb336dbc329a5cf9c691a6b2d106d183ef337

Observation 11774365-d314-4b6b-8eb7-bfb25cf12980 · outbound

This paper cites Establishing a Mass-loss rate Relation for Red Supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Establishing a Mass-loss rate Relation for Red Supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Reference 50

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.501570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.933910Z digest=sha256:20f84e52b444093348f4bb6053eb517e9b3edd87a46a0721d69ddeaf9a573edd

Observation 41bd71ff-d287-49fb-bb75-b3ed02af793b · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the Mass-loss Histories of the Red Supergiants.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Exploring the Mass-loss Histories of the Red Supergiants

Reference 51

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.490492Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.936914Z digest=sha256:da919fddabdd1c00a13a81f21743b4f8de96da22dc0f05a945a56167bf778cdf

Observation b6d96e87-cb60-462f-a50a-e55f2268b6e0 · outbound

This paper cites Spatially Resolved Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Great Dimming of Betelgeuse.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Spatially Resolved Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Great Dimming of Betelgeuse

Reference 52

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.480209Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.939984Z digest=sha256:d366a1eac921ecddf1b41826044d6e54e972e5a1dfbe72b73f8f135b30c92689

Observation 83bac4bc-9bb0-4a8d-9b37-3a3c050176b1 · outbound

This paper cites The Mass-loss History of the Red Hypergiant VY CMa.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Mass-loss History of the Red Hypergiant VY CMa

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.469605Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.943079Z digest=sha256:08ff622f32d31a4988f7b70dc684bccfb22209135bcf751e00b61f3b3212a8c4

Observation d17c6d44-2f0b-46cd-b641-875d653da804 · outbound

This paper cites The Hidden Clumps in VY CMa Uncovered by ALMA.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Hidden Clumps in VY CMa Uncovered by ALMA

Reference 54

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.458973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.946078Z digest=sha256:a7cef34598671ec1e0a485429efa81056d9f4e0d05a6ef30614f5d245763cc64

Observation f5953dcd-8bd3-46e1-9d83-564a4896ccc6 · outbound

This paper cites Episodic Gaseous Outflows and Mass Loss from Red Supergiants.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Episodic Gaseous Outflows and Mass Loss from Red Supergiants

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.448670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.949128Z digest=sha256:45d417a068fcef852fdcc51da4e91837352ea66bd5b276b9ecf3abba90e9bb08

Observation 5ee08bac-1415-4e53-91d0-5235fa8694e3 · outbound

This paper cites Circular Polarization of Water Masers in the Circumstellar Envelopes of Late Type Stars.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Circular Polarization of Water Masers in the Circumstellar Envelopes of Late Type Stars

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.437263Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.952091Z digest=sha256:f5c679d46e783bcec40fdcdafaac0a152a414a816819e00cf8dd74544e891817

Observation 72175f00-b5a7-4696-9b7b-9c07dcbb2828 · outbound

This paper cites Supernovae.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Supernovae

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.426581Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.955025Z digest=sha256:f0cd391dd12acc5d75dab867abb248dce068813357758bff4dc28179f039bdcb

Observation 7b71f8f8-e073-4462-836c-799311aaf094 · outbound

This paper cites Spectra of Supernovae.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Spectra of Supernovae

Reference 58

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.416454Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.958864Z digest=sha256:71899d3d2a3e651b0e00867670ffb6e99448138af3c303f8cd536337bb93fef1

Observation c60ee902-165a-4f12-b3b1-b449b62c7d31 · outbound

This paper cites On the lower mass limit for implosion type Supernovae.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram On the lower mass limit for implosion type Supernovae

Reference 59

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.406363Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.962340Z digest=sha256:aad2728aa3887c254d78e595c9ae66a4bd63cd7abc52a7586d3d999897974ca8

Observation 6b7ddd24-b4f7-49a6-82e1-f14e848f45e3 · outbound

This paper cites On the Presumed presupernova Stage for type II Supernovae.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram On the Presumed presupernova Stage for type II Supernovae

Reference 60

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.396165Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.965293Z digest=sha256:8989dbda4c1239ee3b82433d4c8d0b243d37f0a80a70fa0bbee1744c8b2381c7

Observation f554ceb2-42f3-48ba-8430-062a562d2473 · outbound

This paper cites Photometric Properties of Type II Supernovae.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Photometric Properties of Type II Supernovae

Reference 61

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.385790Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.968551Z digest=sha256:2c265737b6220f730c2df681bcbf77546cce6f2a95fd26339021741f067aff94

Observation 034257fa-92ee-45eb-834a-63198355414f · outbound

This paper cites The most massive stars evolving to red supergiants—Evolution with mass loss, WR stars as post-red supergiants and pre-supernovae.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The most massive stars evolving to red supergiants—Evolution with mass loss, WR stars as post-red supergiants and pre-supernovae

Reference 62

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.374964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.971560Z digest=sha256:c0bd08e117dc7ee19469ef97a1fd9e96f9d0d281fc25024ef1ebb7b43d43ff26

Observation 985a9574-05fd-42d3-936c-0514bea9687c · outbound

This paper cites The death of massive stars—I.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The death of massive stars—I

Reference 63

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.364274Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.974504Z digest=sha256:66ee5770ca08be2429c0d11685ee774b112212de29a16e8f1991a9923dfb2055

Observation 5b18a9ad-1cfa-442a-98b1-e6f4f605026e · outbound

This paper cites Observational Constraints on the Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supe rnovae: The Case for Missing High-Mass Stars.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Observational Constraints on the Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supe rnovae: The Case for Missing High-Mass Stars

Reference 64

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.354232Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.977370Z digest=sha256:62602a470cfbccef536620b243691002794a799dcbdf535bdc1099e46ec2c75a

Observation bbb83904-4b5c-430b-8c90-642e1a72af17 · outbound

This paper cites The Evolution of Red Supergiants to Supernova in NGC 2100.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Evolution of Red Supergiants to Supernova in NGC 2100

Reference 65

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.343718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.980772Z digest=sha256:f1e885c3a9287876d80bbd737d0db21267b3bc8e40433c83a5e8c098b6af9c2a

Observation 89beeed3-5f2b-4ba6-8287-48db4edf4cfe · outbound

This paper cites The Initial Masses of the Red Supergiant Progenitors to Type II Supernovae.Mon.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Initial Masses of the Red Supergiant Progenitors to Type II Supernovae.Mon

Reference 66

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.333462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.983778Z digest=sha256:f9d6e05ae3e6ebd508743fa6877c2757e5d312a5461257ce4f713c3859862780

Observation 151c6a78-81b4-4322-b88e-befb291b878d · outbound

This paper cites Circumstellar Dust as a Solution to the Red Supergiant Supernova Progenitor Problem.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Circumstellar Dust as a Solution to the Red Supergiant Supernova Progenitor Problem

Reference 67

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.323195Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.987056Z digest=sha256:bcd9c233a095f95e9dfdfd10629e7424e6f38a0c7233d1e4425acaff8159ea47

Observation 3fa4fbb9-1d72-48fc-88ec-426c39bfef20 · outbound

This paper cites The Dusty Progenitor Star of the Type II Supernova 2017eaw.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Dusty Progenitor Star of the Type II Supernova 2017eaw

Reference 68

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.312887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.990041Z digest=sha256:9dd326f89b23304da8ee4c1f351250b063f3b2ccb2e2b147230c9d6518320256

Observation 16aea2da-c486-4808-bfc1-3e093e71513c · outbound

This paper cites The Search for Failed Supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: First Candidates.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Search for Failed Supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: First Candidates

Reference 69

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.301967Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.993257Z digest=sha256:1970b1d50dd832e9d544658e00d1ba707749b9f04a54d8a3bee3b506d3f62298

Observation b3ffd0ba-f8da-4104-9062-1029f2379489 · outbound

This paper cites The Search for Failed Supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: Confirmation of a Disappearing Star.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Search for Failed Supernovae with the Large Binocular Telescope: Confirmation of a Disappearing Star

Reference 70

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.291328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.996300Z digest=sha256:27428bb1c342636bae5727571b2b0bee2aea1483ed49776183db86b46f596287

Observation 8b4d9e41-0ba0-454c-9239-95aebcaa6c06 · outbound

This paper cites Comments on the Progenitor of NGC 6946-BH1.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Comments on the Progenitor of NGC 6946-BH1

Reference 71

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.280791Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:37.999982Z digest=sha256:ee04c4a8920a5786d58177865502b45e21a68b7adf7be8cc45e5d7635f29c182

Observation 93c5039d-e857-4a14-bbba-fb7fb42b2ea2 · outbound

This paper cites The Disappearance of a Massive Star Marking the Birth of a Black Hole in M31.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Disappearance of a Massive Star Marking the Birth of a Black Hole in M31

Reference 72

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.002937Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:38.002937Z digest=sha256:d0fb4af1a17b0468b3b5b41dd3592b2647e294986e672ae8e735c2da879364de

Observation 9f20b4e5-293a-4bea-b023-57de6af03946 · outbound

This paper cites M33’s Variable A: A Hypergiant Star More Than 35 YEARS in Eruption.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram M33’s Variable A: A Hypergiant Star More Than 35 YEARS in Eruption

Reference 73

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.270187Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:38.005848Z digest=sha256:2f146feaf4974c8d8f02110aa86c1f82c5205021b7f42562593fa39f13dcb9ed

Observation d87488cb-6d5f-43c8-a4dd-e71559717a26 · outbound

This paper cites The Morphology of IRC+10420’s Circumstellar Ejecta.Astron.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Morphology of IRC+10420’s Circumstellar Ejecta.Astron

Reference 74

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.259270Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:38.008855Z digest=sha256:3be970c2f8264849fe6c5597f426f98d1355e8e7e6059c8bdcc4b8155a48b615

Observation f7efb514-96df-4f79-a8ae-6f3caadf6691 · outbound

This paper cites Searching for Cool Dust in the Mid-to-far Infrared: The Mass-loss Histories of the Hypergiants µ Cep, VY CMa, IRC+10420, and ρ Cas.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram Searching for Cool Dust in the Mid-to-far Infrared: The Mass-loss Histories of the Hypergiants µ Cep, VY CMa, IRC+10420, and ρ Cas

Reference 75

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.248902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:38.012109Z digest=sha256:2875ea83018309a6aecf4c7c13dfda00a5b3dac3c8b6f2dda1eb90a7151178c1

Observation 07b8e88f-7f8b-456b-b131-43c28e00f3eb · outbound

This paper cites HST and Infrared Images of the Circumstellar Environment of the Cool Hypergiant IRC + 10420.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram HST and Infrared Images of the Circumstellar Environment of the Cool Hypergiant IRC + 10420

Reference 76

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.237453Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:38.015358Z digest=sha256:62e9134a24a96e2d925374b693e12d93568bac593225462ff8d8890d3d06d0aa

Observation c0a13b56-d3b4-4244-8db6-f9aa3066d1b5 · outbound

This paper cites The Asymmetric Nebula Surrounding the Extreme Red Supergiant VY Canis Majoris.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Asymmetric Nebula Surrounding the Extreme Red Supergiant VY Canis Majoris

Reference 77

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.224905Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:38.019467Z digest=sha256:6258ae3b20cd8306af1fc66b71fe952780fa6cfc6b7ebdd57e0a333f16bd49b1

Observation 905c27ff-2255-4944-9fd7-0e7fdb8256fc · outbound

This paper cites The Circumstellar Environments of NML Cygni and the Cool Hypergiants.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Circumstellar Environments of NML Cygni and the Cool Hypergiants

Reference 78

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.213579Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:38.022726Z digest=sha256:4b6ba0a566fd21f7eef4edfdc9f0138394ecbd8002708c844d699bf5cc2f0598

Observation 6984986e-5d7c-4782-aaea-7a9821db91c9 · outbound

This paper cites The Yellow Supergiant Progenitor of the Type II Supernova 2011dh in M51.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Yellow Supergiant Progenitor of the Type II Supernova 2011dh in M51

Reference 79

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.202205Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:38.025653Z digest=sha256:f096f25fe09fd49bd3d34fe0f5ddbc424784996f7ff474f6903094b305bfd06f

Observation 92d0de1b-8c81-4b65-82ec-27aa17f83ece · outbound

This paper cites The Progenitor of Supernova 2011dh/PTF11eon in Messier 51.Astrophys.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Progenitor of Supernova 2011dh/PTF11eon in Messier 51.Astrophys

Reference 80

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.191378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:38.028906Z digest=sha256:6525dbad5d7a4abd38a28c3e9a734070f63dd87f0acf5001b1aef467802f8f14

Observation 1abd5c2c-0d70-4260-82b7-64093857ebd4 · outbound

This paper cites The Progenitor of Supernova 2011dh has Vanished.

Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram The Progenitor of Supernova 2011dh has Vanished

Reference 81

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:24:38.179509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-06T15:24:38.032186Z digest=sha256:4b4624196baa03559e53e813a37803f508778529146b8f18a5ec4e73b539a8dd

Pith citing papers

Observation 1ea4d2e6-24bc-4893-a5ea-0c678121f24a · inbound

JWST Detects a Dusty AGB-like Source Before the Type Ia-CSM Supernova 2026sqf cites this paper.

JWST Detects a Dusty AGB-like Source Before the Type Ia-CSM Supernova 2026sqf Red Supergiants -- The Other Side of the H-R Diagram

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T13:47:23.675600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-14T13:47:23.675600Z digest=sha256:d309ecdf86100bec1d55aae0914a45daa8f00f339aff6ab23d8fd3503f9dbb96