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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

The power of text similarity in identifying AI-LLM paraphrased documents: The case of BBC news articles and ChatGPT

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 8 of 8 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.12405.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.12405 v1

Coverage vector

measured 8 of 8 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T20:41:29.977628Z

measured 8 of 8 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

8 of 8 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy0
  • unresolved6
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier1
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation debb6d3b-edf5-4248-af15-b69938a4ef85 · outbound

This paper cites Paraphrase Detection: Human vs. Machine Content.

The power of text similarity in identifying AI-LLM paraphrased documents: The case of BBC news articles and ChatGPT Paraphrase Detection: Human vs. Machine Content

Reference 1

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T20:41:30.071029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:41:29.941329Z digest=sha256:ca3fdc2803561bceb3d7625664ada61ffd09770231149f3d0a5c5a82ec82f827

Observation 15736358-ef8b-4287-9c4f-ee69ad0617f2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The power of text similarity in identifying AI-LLM paraphrased documents: The case of BBC news articles and ChatGPT Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:41:29.973288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:41:29.973288Z digest=sha256:61f7fbd130dcbf9aeeadd9a899aa2f8a995dc657567de0bc7a97efb8b4385176

Observation 1bb92a0d-7d94-49ed-8dcc-0090b6470caa · outbound

This paper cites Spotting AI's Touch: Identifying LLM-Paraphrased Spans in Text.

The power of text similarity in identifying AI-LLM paraphrased documents: The case of BBC news articles and ChatGPT Spotting AI's Touch: Identifying LLM-Paraphrased Spans in Text

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:41:29.967349Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:41:29.967349Z digest=sha256:8b50a632775ebe3a2acb2b8f4bb3cfb636bb1f99dbf858087f5f9beed2579c55

Observation 28f2bc72-b056-4309-9a51-b985ac5fc412 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The power of text similarity in identifying AI-LLM paraphrased documents: The case of BBC news articles and ChatGPT Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:41:29.956378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:41:29.956378Z digest=sha256:b8f98e9b47a713bc4cbbbc6599b46035e4f61485f21edfc9e1294b72db1e5c93

Observation 876dffb1-f94d-4166-9eab-4fdfeb6475e3 · outbound

This paper cites ToBlend: Token-Level Blending With an Ensemble of LLMs to Attack AI-Generated Text Detection.

The power of text similarity in identifying AI-LLM paraphrased documents: The case of BBC news articles and ChatGPT ToBlend: Token-Level Blending With an Ensemble of LLMs to Attack AI-Generated Text Detection

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:41:29.962384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:41:29.962384Z digest=sha256:4963b2c70dc98ded04019cafb03ee66851859a972ce7b66dda8e3e8139b96a1f

Observation 1b4c310a-d610-452e-ba35-149e1a53d318 · outbound

This paper cites Counter Turing Test CT^2: AI-Generated Text Detection is Not as Easy as You May Think -- Introducing AI Detectability Index.

The power of text similarity in identifying AI-LLM paraphrased documents: The case of BBC news articles and ChatGPT Counter Turing Test CT^2: AI-Generated Text Detection is Not as Easy as You May Think -- Introducing AI Detectability Index

Reference 472

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:41:29.946254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:41:29.946254Z digest=sha256:45dd1b2a503094256662861711f186ef7c1cff7c973755c7d86902da62911f4c

Observation 4ea76e44-de7b-4ac5-ae71-bdd959a7afdf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The power of text similarity in identifying AI-LLM paraphrased documents: The case of BBC news articles and ChatGPT Unresolved cited work

Reference 2005

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:41:29.951109Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:41:29.951109Z digest=sha256:84d8d846bd745219e5e5b79dbc7f56efa9cba44be2101045da22f69e916cee07

Observation 036e601a-7acf-401b-8c83-c712d48a5bb2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

The power of text similarity in identifying AI-LLM paraphrased documents: The case of BBC news articles and ChatGPT Unresolved cited work

Reference 2015

Resolution
malformed identifier
doi_truncated, observed 2026-08-15T20:41:30.171159Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T20:41:29.977628Z digest=sha256:953ba318e9b341ce70a572d8c71d307da06d26b38095d9604bf65b8bc4f7ed8c

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.