Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 29 of 29 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.09722.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.09722 v1

Coverage vector

measured 29 of 29 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:35.003144Z

measured 29 of 29 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

29 of 29 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy20
unresolved3
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier4
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 7d88f87b-fc42-4580-8963-5be758363305 · outbound

This paper cites Advancements and Challenges in Handwritten Text Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Advancements and Challenges in Handwritten Text Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey,

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:38.581082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 043e0b3d-5ae7-4317-9206-ad0d51bbae32 · outbound

This paper cites Yang et al.,The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Ex- plorations with GPT-4V(ision), Oct.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Yang et al.,The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Ex- plorations with GPT-4V(ision), Oct

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:38.398856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation c4032cdc-d1c4-4ec6-a253-dd8c83537032 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:33.551218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cbbe1509-b2e6-4ce4-9110-c2d36eb4d834 · outbound

This paper cites Kim et al.,Early evidence of how LLMs out- perform traditional systems on OCR/HTR tasks for historical records, Jan.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Kim et al.,Early evidence of how LLMs out- perform traditional systems on OCR/HTR tasks for historical records, Jan

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:38.175021Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 46b4bcd8-55a3-4de7-9c2e-0034c309ca83 · outbound

This paper cites Confidence in the Rea- soning of Large Language Models,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Confidence in the Rea- soning of Large Language Models,

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:38.014445Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 64c781e7-29a5-4a1b-b785-596b755b99f0 · outbound

This paper cites A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins,

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:37.883009Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 01ef42f7-6683-475f-95ee-6e3b6b2e06cb · outbound

This paper cites Large language models for generative information extraction: A survey,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Large language models for generative information extraction: A survey,

Reference 9

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:33.770762Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation afb55a80-f7e7-4c36-a32b-cb78bbe226e9 · outbound

This paper cites LayoutLM: Pre-training of Text and Layout for Document Image Understanding,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image LayoutLM: Pre-training of Text and Layout for Document Image Understanding,

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:33.844671Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11a0e32b-f556-42d1-ae71-d9f541fb1363 · outbound

This paper cites OCR-Free Document Understand- ing Transformer,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image OCR-Free Document Understand- ing Transformer,

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:37.750004Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 6380a5b7-2ab0-4a77-b2c0-f0c359bfba03 · outbound

This paper cites End-to-End Document Recognition and Understanding with Dessurt,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image End-to-End Document Recognition and Understanding with Dessurt,

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:37.561854Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 5e467c8f-1747-46e5-ac45-c81aeb1d1d85 · outbound

This paper cites Robustness of Struc- tured Data Extraction from In-plane Rotated Docu- ments using Multi-Modal Large Language Models (LLM),.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Robustness of Struc- tured Data Extraction from In-plane Rotated Docu- ments using Multi-Modal Large Language Models (LLM),

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:37.378793Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation c7b1059a-b308-4644-8d2c-063b02ab6236 · outbound

This paper cites Just Ask for Calibration: Strategies for Eliciting Calibrated Confidence Scores from Lan- guage Models Fine-Tuned with Human Feedback,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Just Ask for Calibration: Strategies for Eliciting Calibrated Confidence Scores from Lan- guage Models Fine-Tuned with Human Feedback,

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:37.194923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation b7ca4180-52b2-4836-af5c-1ec8392560a1 · outbound

This paper cites Can LLMs Express Their Uncer- tainty? An Empirical Evaluation of Confidence Elic- itation in LLMs,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Can LLMs Express Their Uncer- tainty? An Empirical Evaluation of Confidence Elic- itation in LLMs,

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:37.041011Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 78d477b0-a382-442a-bac3-f107bf2d26d8 · outbound

This paper cites Know What You do Not Know: Verbalized Uncertainty Estimation Robustness on Corrupted Images in Vision-Language Models.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Know What You do Not Know: Verbalized Uncertainty Estimation Robustness on Corrupted Images in Vision-Language Models

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:35.413549Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 39e0bab1-ccc4-411e-944f-f3f4269c2154 · outbound

This paper cites A post-processing system to yield reduced word error rates: Recognizer Output V oting Error Re- duction (ROVER),.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image A post-processing system to yield reduced word error rates: Recognizer Output V oting Error Re- duction (ROVER),

Reference 18

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:34.176324Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 87817408-50cc-4de4-a291-0e41b55bc55f · outbound

This paper cites Using Consensus Sequence V oting to Correct OCR Errors,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Using Consensus Sequence V oting to Correct OCR Errors,

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:35.662594Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation b6a4d6ea-be6a-4f00-aac9-c8a2afc1991b · outbound

This paper cites Hidden Markov model- based ensemble methods for offline handwritten text line recognition,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Hidden Markov model- based ensemble methods for offline handwritten text line recognition,

Reference 20

Resolution: malformed identifier; doi_truncated, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:35.227084Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation ac5983bd-ad79-4d98-a443-07c266a24b5c · outbound

This paper cites Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models,

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:36.889095Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 05fab63d-64ba-462c-97c0-1f86a1b04387 · outbound

This paper cites Benchmarking Multiple Large Language Models for Automated Clinical Trial Data Extraction in Ag- ing Research,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Benchmarking Multiple Large Language Models for Automated Clinical Trial Data Extraction in Ag- ing Research,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:36.731292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 63bce70b-bbe5-44fc-990c-bdcf9b7ce532 · outbound

This paper cites Confidence-Aware Document OCR Error Detection,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Confidence-Aware Document OCR Error Detection,

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:36.597283Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 84ebb4c7-3e43-4261-a143-6855cdb9169d · outbound

This paper cites Zhang et al.,Consensus Entropy: Harnessing Multi-VLM Agreement for Self-Verifying and Self- Improving OCR, Apr.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Zhang et al.,Consensus Entropy: Harnessing Multi-VLM Agreement for Self-Verifying and Self- Improving OCR, Apr

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:36.483257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation a7b46743-1197-4c4f-9edc-636ac4788a16 · outbound

This paper cites Ma et al.,Test-Time Generative Augmentation for Medical Image Segmentation, Jun.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Ma et al.,Test-Time Generative Augmentation for Medical Image Segmentation, Jun

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:36.360417Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 29f355d5-5bad-4487-a089-a43783010f85 · outbound

This paper cites Zhang et al.,A Survey on Test-Time Scaling in Large Language Models: What, How, Where, and How Well?May 2025.DOI:10.48550/arXiv.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Zhang et al.,A Survey on Test-Time Scaling in Large Language Models: What, How, Where, and How Well?May 2025.DOI:10.48550/arXiv

Reference 26

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:34.579703Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 334350e1-2925-446f-9893-4e1c31c7e061 · outbound

This paper cites Kish,Survey Sampling(Survey Sampling).

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Kish,Survey Sampling(Survey Sampling)

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:36.255602Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation b9fc0188-c12b-43ef-b903-ca40e7f2b8f4 · outbound

This paper cites Probability Inequalities for sums of Bounded Random Variables,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Probability Inequalities for sums of Bounded Random Variables,

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:36.188003Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation debc31eb-f10b-48fd-8c93-1f7d8e57772e · outbound

This paper cites Data Augmentation for Recog- nition of Handwritten Words and Lines Using a CNN-LSTM Network,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Data Augmentation for Recog- nition of Handwritten Words and Lines Using a CNN-LSTM Network,

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:35.998027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 6b8855a5-6868-4c6b-9383-1a5ebcd875a0 · outbound

This paper cites Wang et al.,Scaling Laws in Patchification: An Im- age Is Worth 50,176 Tokens And More, Feb.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Wang et al.,Scaling Laws in Patchification: An Im- age Is Worth 50,176 Tokens And More, Feb

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:34.747791Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e7b486cf-2231-43fc-bb27-a8e7b31008a6 · outbound

This paper cites Three Things Everyone Should Know About Vision Transformers,.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Three Things Everyone Should Know About Vision Transformers,

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:35.919875Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 322f62ca-35c7-4298-9d0b-23d2e3bdada4 · outbound

This paper cites Qiao et al.,UniViTAR: Unified Vision Trans- former with Native Resolution, May 2025.DOI:10.

Improving MLLM Historical Record Extraction with Test-Time Image Qiao et al.,UniViTAR: Unified Vision Trans- former with Native Resolution, May 2025.DOI:10

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T21:01:35.826747Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.