Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation

As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 59 of 59 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.07717.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.07717 v1

Coverage vector

measured 59 of 59 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.819322Z

measured 59 of 59 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

59 of 59 outbound references displayed

verified exact10
verified fuzzy1
unresolved48
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 12aa0877-cfcd-40fb-b6e9-4a5ac76c1a02 · outbound

This paper cites URL: " 'urlintro :=.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation URL: " 'urlintro :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.518472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6f726879-e518-4d82-a82c-4b54ceaaf694 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.524741Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f10e031-f396-4d61-993a-6cbd8eb58e25 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.570607Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 8207ac65-563c-4512-aa7e-69f2a6bd460c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.555668Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 745d1b59-8407-4d7f-80bf-ba6d51e9f484 · outbound

This paper cites Bowman, Gabor Angeli, Christopher Potts, and Christopher D.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Bowman, Gabor Angeli, Christopher Potts, and Christopher D

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.541590Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dfa7de9e-5ecb-45ad-8dc6-9cded071d812 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.547081Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ef013ebd-b942-4761-887d-9f4721fa3df6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.552514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1473763-287a-4164-abcf-79e7abd50f1a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.557900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 787e3af4-8b9b-489a-bc60-652e8498e913 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.564443Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 85465234-cf4c-4a1e-8e0c-657c0b922067 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.522197Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 4b81d91f-cf0f-4926-8d8a-b111be7d5f31 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.575221Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 39540e34-00bb-44ab-9abb-a3a01324cd1c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.507567Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 01214bce-e28d-4234-b429-24a939c4509e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.492771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 9e474283-799b-434b-a4b5-4cfde3e810ed · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.591095Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ac941bdb-bb0c-475b-bd66-4e7108b26398 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.596152Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9b0e8a17-9629-4e91-bdb8-030a1cc8b345 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.158840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation d484c094-7efe-4d47-964c-c6ffa1c731ae · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.143158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 96406dba-7e49-425b-bad7-3ff885d9fc94 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.611327Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 25569c9c-75f7-482a-9731-f2f0c67af2fd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.616411Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 843a6d7d-f3d1-47f1-bd00-25bfcbcbfc99 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.621686Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 90420dca-0fd4-4708-b6c7-969999c7944b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.627235Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8fa6d66d-f2f6-4edf-a234-6a984bce5985 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.632377Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ee1737c4-1539-4bd6-a44e-7a4e7a3abe6c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.469615Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation ebd56913-0c9d-48d7-9801-c9a5b439ee4b · outbound

This paper cites UnifiedQA-v2: Stronger Generalization via Broader Cross-Format Training.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation UnifiedQA-v2: Stronger Generalization via Broader Cross-Format Training

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.325208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 3dd9384d-6005-4d38-a50b-483f9d8f5571 · outbound

This paper cites Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.648082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0b224987-1f80-4906-8982-31d6a387b472 · outbound

This paper cites Rusu, Kieran Milan, John Quan, Tiago Ramalho, Agnieszka Grabska-Barwinska, Demis Hassabis, Claudia Clopath, Dharshan Kumaran, and Raia Hadsell.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Rusu, Kieran Milan, John Quan, Tiago Ramalho, Agnieszka Grabska-Barwinska, Demis Hassabis, Claudia Clopath, Dharshan Kumaran, and Raia Hadsell

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.654035Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5cece47c-ec0e-4208-85a9-d5bbe2204be4 · outbound

This paper cites Levesque, Ernest Davis, and Leora Morgenstern.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Levesque, Ernest Davis, and Leora Morgenstern

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.454766Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 8d347dc1-e541-4df6-9fa9-2c9c3bc3a949 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.071630Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 0b6a9c30-8aae-436a-8cbd-b8090358262f · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.670659Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 417e4a3b-98f5-4a8c-aa73-68fda82af2b1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.676315Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f97e6161-1bc2-4bce-8439-10bca69ddbfa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.429765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 1b9757a5-333f-4eb1-b2a8-ecc902bebed9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.415275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation e674fcda-94f8-4cb6-b99f-c237fbd45b68 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.399970Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 636667fe-1122-4c68-a01d-a661e0754bae · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.696940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dace05e1-9cdb-4308-bf59-96d6ab0e5a32 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.701955Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ae5825eb-431c-401a-ba2e-5dfe12e117ce · outbound

This paper cites PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.708304Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d816879d-da2b-42f0-996e-c31eb4e327f2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.713713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 839c9dcf-a54a-416c-9849-aefbb47a371c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.718901Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 624dbc8a-e4f8-4fcd-b001-6b5e4f23908b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.037192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation cc58cb6c-0086-443f-a006-cec5b8764900 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.728665Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a56b104e-845f-48ab-b693-22c266b2382d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.733579Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 28da5e6f-1d3c-433e-9d73-d86fc82879ff · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.738466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 040cde3e-8f65-458f-afae-267f2bb94332 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.384512Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation f1651b6c-b9bb-4a43-bc1a-bc4980f85cff · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.991895Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 710d61cb-7adc-4971-aba6-86c761ef1fd7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.976727Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 0082dd15-e328-4e8d-b34e-fdf683703a43 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.757469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e2d1b3ac-0e29-451e-ba62-c3cf238cd9ef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.369923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 3e687847-9a5a-45a2-aa68-ffe26947ae13 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.766561Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 95dd0b45-17a5-4289-be47-499262f6054e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.771407Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 52371acd-2a8e-4c04-85a7-8c366cf5b0e4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.776249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f58c775a-5988-4980-85fe-5322b1b3617a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.355091Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation a17058c7-0616-404b-8dd4-ff600a7968ce · outbound

This paper cites SuperGLUE: A Stickier Benchmark for General-Purpose Language Understanding Systems.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation SuperGLUE: A Stickier Benchmark for General-Purpose Language Understanding Systems

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.785912Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d4ba40bc-6b32-44c4-8722-7ce560918c35 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.790658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fb3c19a9-08f5-4d9e-aa49-73ce3389f310 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:17.340259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 3ef4a0e8-5678-4829-ba2e-b03444e71498 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.800096Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 416f1bc2-4efb-4f2c-a50c-a7ba20d0358f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.804914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9b7d93a3-a14e-4760-8772-b38925e7bd68 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 57

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.894814Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 48270b05-5fab-4e93-84ef-6653a34f2fe2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.876399Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation ced5b837-41d8-4f94-988d-95843eb4b940 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Making Language Models Robust Against Negation Unresolved cited work

Reference 59

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T11:51:16.859413Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.