Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 major objections 5 minor 50 references

Optical absorption of a Cu$_2$SnS$_3$ (CTS) layer trapped by metallic thin films in multilayer configuration

T0 review · 4 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-08-06 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read A silver-backed optical cavity can raise a thin Cu2SnS3 layer's light absorption from roughly 20% to nearly 75%.

desk verdict Routine cavity-enhancement simulation for CTS with internally inconsistent headline numbers; the mechanism is sound but no quantitative claim survives contact with the text. read the letter →

arxiv 2508.04113 v1 pith:S5RB7Q3J submitted 2025-08-06 physics.optics physics.app-ph

Le Tri Dat , Nguyen Duy Vy This is my paper
classification physics.opticsphysics.app-ph
keywords Cu2SnS3thin-filmsolarcellsopticalcavityabsorptionenhancementtransfermatrixmethodLorentz-DrudemodelplasmonicsMoS2interlayer
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper argues that a bare Cu$_2$SnS$_3$ (CTS) film, which absorbs only about 20% of incident light, can be turned into a strong absorber by placing it inside a metal-backed optical cavity. Solving Maxwell's equations for a stack of metal, spacer, CTS, MoS$_2$, and molybdenum, it scans metal type and layer thicknesses and reports that a 20 nm silver film with a 350 nm spacer lifts CTS absorption to nearly 75% at $\lambda = 350$ nm. Gold reaches about 45% and copper about 40% at $\lambda = 550$ nm with 20 nm metal, while aluminum gives the least enhancement. The paper attributes the ordering to silver's low optical loss, high reflectivity, and plasmonic field concentration. That would make the earth-abundant absorber CTS practical in ultrathin photovoltaic and photothermal devices.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing mechanism is the transfer-matrix solution of Maxwell's equations for $N$ parallel layers, written as a single matrix equation for the incident/reflected field amplitudes $E^\pm_i$ in every layer. Metallic films enter through Lorentz-Drude dielectric functions (a standard frequency-dependent model of metal permittivity) with standard fitted parameters; CTS through a monoclinic dielectric function from spectroscopic ellipsometry combined with first-principles calculations; MoS$_2$ through anisotropic optical constants; and Mo through bulk experimental constants. The resonance condition $L_c \simeq n\lambda/2$ with a field-penetration correction $\Delta \simeq 35$ nm selects sp

What would settle it

Deposit the reported optimized stack—20 nm Ag, 350 nm air spacer, ~92 nm CTS, 100 nm MoS2, 500 nm Mo—and measure wavelength-resolved absorptance; if the CTS layer does not absorb close to 75% at 350 nm (versus ~20% for bare CTS), the central claim is falsified.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that the multilayer stack metal/spacer/CTS/MoS$_2$/Mo behaves as an asymmetric Fabry–Pérot-like cavity, that is, a resonant cavity formed by a partly reflective front film and a reflective back layer, and that at resonance the field concentrated in the CTS layer multiplies its absorption by roughly a factor of three or more. The paper reports a global maximum of nearly 75% for Ag at $\lambda = 350$ nm with metal thickness $t_m = 20$ nm and spacer thickness $\delta = 350$ nm, compared with about 20% for a bare CTS film. For Au the maximum is 45% at $\lambda = 550$ nm with $\delta = 230$ nm, and for Cu it is 40% at $\lambda = 550$ nm with $\delta = 310$ nm, both at $t_m =

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that the published optical constants for the metals, the monolayer-derived MoS2 data, the ellipsometric CTS data, and the bulk Mo data describe the real deposited films at these thicknesses, so that if the real layers differ in crystallinity, roughness, or thickness-dependent properties, the predicted 75% peak will not reproduce.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • With 20 nm Ag and a 350 nm spacer, CTS absorption at $\lambda = 350$ nm should rise from about 20% to nearly 75%, making a 92 nm absorber competitive with much thicker films.
  • Au and Cu at $\lambda = 550$ nm give 45% and 40% with the same 20 nm metal thickness, so cheaper or more stable metals can substitute if silver is unavailable.
  • The cavity length tunes where the absorption peaks, and the optimal peaks fall near the 1.2–1.4 eV bandgap range of CTS, so the design can be matched to the absorber's bandgap.
  • Optimal metal thicknesses lie around or below 25 nm, so the enhancement requires only a few tens of nanometers of noble metal.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the same resonance recipe transfers to other earth-abundant absorbers, 'thin low-loss metal + spacer near $n\lambda/2$ + reflector' could be a generic way to make ultrathin films strongly absorbing; the paper demonstrates the recipe only for CTS.
  • The 75% peak is at 350 nm, in the ultraviolet, so it matters more for UV or thermal harvesting than for standard solar-cell energy yield; an AM1.5-weighted calculation would show the realistic gain over the solar spectrum.
  • The MoS$_2$ constants come from monolayer spectroscopy but are used for a 100 nm film; repeating the calculation with thickness-dependent MoS$_2$ data would test how much the predicted peaks depend on that choice.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 5 minor

Summary. The paper uses a transfer-matrix solution of Maxwell's equations to compute the optical absorption of a Cu2SnS3 (CTS) layer embedded in a multilayer stack with a metallic top film (Au, Ag, Cu, or Al), a spacer, a MoS2 interlayer, and a Mo substrate. It reports that cavity resonances enhance the CTS absorption, with Ag giving the largest maximum absorption, and claims optimal metal and spacer thicknesses. The forward electromagnetic calculation itself is standard and uses external optical constants, but the manuscript is marred by inconsistencies and missing details that prevent verification of the quantitative claims.

Significance. If the quantitative conclusions were reproducible, the paper would provide useful design guidance for CTS-based thin-film solar cells and photothermal devices. The mechanism (optical cavity enhanced absorption) is well established, and the use of independently published dielectric data means the calculation is not fitted to the target result. However, the central numerical claims are presented in an internally inconsistent way, and the lack of essential simulation parameters currently undermines the paper's contribution.

major comments (4)
  1. [Abstract / Fig. 4 caption / Sec. 4] The headline quantitative claims are inconsistent. The abstract states the maximal system absorption 'could reach 60%'; the Fig. 4 caption gives 'nearly 75%' for Ag at 350 nm; and the Conclusion reports an enhancement from 20% to '>52%' for Au. It is also not defined whether these numbers are the absorptance of the CTS layer only, of the active metallic layer, or of the entire stack. Since the central result is the absorption maximum, this ambiguity is load-bearing and must be resolved.
  2. [Sec. 3.2, Fig. 4] The calculation behind Fig. 4 is not reproducible from the text. The caption specifies only tm=20 nm and δ=350 nm for the Ag maximum; the CTS, MoS2, and Mo thicknesses are not given. The only layer thicknesses in Sec. 3.2 (47 nm metal, 92 nm CTS, 100 nm MoS2, Mo unspecified) are stated for Fig. 3, not Fig. 4. Moreover, Eq. (9) is a two-layer model with total reflection at z=d+δ, whereas the Sec. 3 stack contains finite MoS2 and Mo layers; the paper never states which model produced the figures.
  3. [Eq. (7)] The absorption integral in Eq. (7) depends on the sign convention for the time-harmonic factor. With ε written as ε1−iε2, Im[1−ε]=+ε2, which is positive only under the e^{-iωt} convention; under e^{+iωt} the same expression yields negative absorption. The paper does not state the convention or the definition of k=√ε ω/c with complex ε. Without this, Eq. (7) is ambiguous and the numerical results cannot be checked.
  4. [Eq. (9)] The reflection boundary condition E−2 = E+2 e^{i2k(d+δ)} in Eq. (9) imposes a perfect mirror at z=d+δ. However, the actual structure in Fig. 1 has finite MoS2 and Mo layers; the reflectivity of that stack is not 100%, so the two-layer model may overestimate the cavity enhancement. It must be clarified whether Fig. 3/4 are based on Eq. (6) with the full layer stack or on Eq. (9), and if the latter, the resulting systematic error should be quantified.
minor comments (5)
  1. [Sec. 3.1] The expression d2−d1 = nλ/2 + 565 nm introduces an unexplained offset of 565 nm; the subsequent definition of effective cavity length Lc = d2−d1 with Δ~35 nm is also unclear.
  2. [Fig. 2] The axis labels contain garbled unicode artifacts; please regenerate clean figures.
  3. [Sec. 3.2] Typo: 'Mo2' should be 'MoS2' in the sentence 'Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Mo2 in improving charge separation...'
  4. [Abstract] The abstract is truncated: 'could reach 60% for ...' with the material name missing.
  5. [Eq. (8)] The Lorentz-Drude model is written with an unnumbered sum over K and no definitions of f_j, ω_j, Γ_j; please define all parameters or provide a table.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 2.0 of 10

No significant circularity — forward transfer-matrix simulation with external optical constants; self-citations present but non-load-bearing.

full rationale

The paper's derivation chain is a forward electromagnetic simulation, not an inverse fit. The transfer-matrix equations are written out explicitly (Eq. 6), the absorption of each layer is computed from the standard power-loss integral P_abs = ∫dz |E_i|² Im[1−ε] ω/c (Eq. 7), and all dielectric functions are imported from external sources — Rakic et al. for metals, Crovetto et al. for CTS, Song et al. for MoS2, Kirillova et al. for Mo. No parameter is fitted to the claimed absorption maxima (75% Ag at 350 nm; 45% Au; 40% Cu); the maxima are read off a forward scan over wavelength, metal thickness (tm = 20 nm) and spacer thickness (δ = 230–350 nm). The central claim therefore does not reduce to an input by construction, and no equation in the paper is equivalent to the target result by definition. The paper does cite several prior works by the same author group ([21] for reflective-layer enhancement, [22] for the matrix formulation, [25–28] for cavity field enhancement, [33] for the 47 nm metal thickness used in Fig. 3), but none is load-bearing for the headline result: the matrix equation (Eq. 6) is fully displayed rather than imported, the cavity enhancement is recomputed here (Figs. 2–4), and Fig. 4's absorption maxima use tm = 20 nm rather than the 47 nm value from [33]. The reproducibility concerns raised by a skeptical reader — the abstract's 60% vs Fig. 4's 75% vs the conclusion's >52%, the unspecified CTS/MoS2/Mo thicknesses for Fig. 4, the missing sign convention for ε in Eq. 7, and the ambiguity between Eq. 9's total-reflection assumption and the finite-back-reflector model of Section 3 — are correctness and verifiability issues, not circularity, because even an unverifiable or internally inconsistent forward calculation is not a derivation that is equivalent to its inputs. Accordingly, no specific circular step can be exhibited, and the paper receives a low circularity score.

Assumptions & free parameters 4 free parameters · 8 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests entirely on standard electromagnetic theory plus published optical constants for the constituent materials. No new physical entities are introduced. The free parameters are the geometric design variables (metal thickness, spacer thickness) that are scanned to find the reported maxima, plus an unexplained 565 nm offset. The main axioms are the validity of the external optical datasets and the assumed boundary conditions.

free parameters (4)
  • Top metal thickness tm = 20 nm (Ag, Au, Cu in Fig. 4); 47 nm used in Sec. 3.1 and Fig. 3
    Chosen by hand or scan; the reported maximum absorption depends on this value.
  • Spacer (cavity) thickness delta = 350 nm for Ag, 230 nm for Au, 310 nm for Cu (Fig. 4); 400-700 nm scanned in Fig. 3
    Optimized by scanning; the central claim of maximum absorption depends on these values.
  • Integer n in cavity condition delta = n*lambda/2 = unstated generally; n=2 when delta=lambda in Fig. 2(b)
    Used to set cavity length; the resonance condition depends on n, but the paper does not specify its value except in examples.
  • Spacer offset constant 565 nm = 565 nm
    In Sec. 3.1 the spacer thickness is written as n*lambda/2 + 565 nm; this extra offset is unexplained and appears in only one figure setup.
assumptions (8)
  • standard math Maxwell's equations and the transfer-matrix boundary conditions for multilayer thin films
    Used in Sec. 2 to derive field propagation and absorption.
  • domain assumption Lorentz-Drude model with parameters from Rakic et al. for Au, Ag, Cu, Al
    Adopted in Sec. 3; results depend on these empirical optical constants.
  • domain assumption CTS dielectric function from Crovetto et al. (ellipsometry plus first principles)
    Adopted in Sec. 3; central to CTS absorption calculation.
  • domain assumption Anisotropic MoS2 refractive index from Song et al. (monolayer spectroscopy)
    Applied to a 100 nm MoS2 interlayer; monolayer-derived data may not represent thick films.
  • domain assumption Mo optical constants from Kirillova et al. (1971)
    Used for the back-contact/substrate; single-crystal bulk values.
  • domain assumption Idealized spacer as air (epsilon = 1)
    Stated in Sec. 3; neglects dispersion and any real spacer material.
  • domain assumption Boundary condition E_N^- = 0 (no backward field in the substrate)
    Used in Eq. (6) to close the matrix system; assumes no reflection from behind the last layer.
  • domain assumption Total-reflection assumption E_2^- = E_2^+ e^{i2k(d+delta)} in Eq. (9)
    Used to model a perfect back reflector in the reduced two-layer model.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Optical absorption of a Cu$_2$SnS$_3$ (CTS) layer trapped by metallic thin films in multilayer configuration." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/S5RB7Q3J

@misc{pith2026250804113,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Optical absorption of a Cu$_2$SnS$_3$ (CTS) layer trapped by metallic thin films in multilayer configuration},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/S5RB7Q3J}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2508.04113}
}
read the original abstract

Coating and reflecting thin films for energy harvesting purposes are interesting topics in both theoretical and experimental research. The thin film could help to enhance the absorption of the system via its specific optical properties depending on the optical wavelength and the stacked layer thickness. Here, by using Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic fields penetrating thin films, we examined in detail the absorption of a CTS layer coated by nanometer-thick thin films of several materials, Au, Ag, Cu, Al, and figured out the optimal thickness range for the outer layers of the solar cell to optimize thermal energy harvesting from the light. In particular, the absorption has been shown to be significantly enhanced thanks to the optical cavity effect, and the maximal absorption of the system could reach 60\% for ... These results could help in suitably choosing the detailed thickness for the structure of the solar cell and other energy harvesting objects.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2508.04113 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Model of a CTS layer embeded inside a multi-layer system parallelly arranged. The electromagnetic [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. The field distribution in various regions of the system normalized to the incoming field. The [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. (a) Simulated absorption spectra of Cu2SnS3 (CTS) thin films as a function of cavity length (spacer thickness), showing resonance-enhanced absorption for thicknesses of 400 nm, 500 nm, 600 nm, and 700 nm. The absorption peaks shift and intensify depending on the optical path length, with optimal enhancement occurring near the CTS bandgap. (b) Absorption spectra of CTS with different back reflector metals (Au, Ag, Cu… view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (1 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: The absorption of the CTS structure was calculated under various configurations. The maximum [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_4.png]

Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

50 extracted references · 40 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    M. A. Kats, F. Capasso, Optical absorbers based on strong interference in ultra-thin films, Laser & Photon. Rev. 10 (5) (2016) 735–749.doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ lpor.201600098

    work page 2016

  2. [2]

    Pahuja, M

    A. Pahuja, M. S. Parihar, V. D. Kumar, Performance enhancement of thin-film solar cell 12 using yagi–uda nanoantenna array embedded inside the anti-reflection coating, Appl. Phys. A 126 (1).doi:10.1007/s00339-019-3250-0. URLhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-019-3250-0

    work page doi:10.1007/s00339-019-3250-0

  3. [3]

    X. Li, P. Li, Z. Wu, D. Luo, H.-Y. Yu, Z.-H. Lu, Review and perspective of materials for flexible solar cells, Materials Reports: Energy 1 (1) (2021) 100001.doi:10.1016/ j.matre.2020.09.001

    work page 2021

  4. [4]

    B. Liu, C. Wang, S. Bazri, I. A. Badruddin, Y. Orooji, S. Saeidi, S. Wongwises, O. Mahian, Optical properties and thermal stability evaluation of solar absorbers en- hanced by nanostructured selective coating films, Powder Tech. 377 (2021) 939–957. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.09.040. URLhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032...

    work page doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2020.09.040 2021

  5. [5]

    M.Girtan, B.Negulescu, Areviewonoxide/metal/oxidethinfilmsonflexiblesubstrates as electrodes for organic and perovskite solar cells, Optical Materials: X 13 (2022) 100122.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omx.2021.100122

    work page arXiv 2022

  6. [6]

    Dotan, O

    H. Dotan, O. Kfir, E. Sharlin, O. Blank, M. Gross, I. Dumchin, G. Ankonina, A. Roth- schild, Resonant light trapping in ultrathin films for water splitting, Nat. Mater. 12 (2) (2012) 158–164.doi:10.1038/nmat3477. URLhttps://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3477

    work page doi:10.1038/nmat3477 2012

  7. [7]

    M. A. Kats, F. Capasso, Ultra-thin optical interference coatings on rough and flexible substrates, Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 (13) (2014) 131108.doi:10.1063/1.4896527

    work page doi:10.1063/1.4896527 2014

  8. [8]

    J. Park, S. J. Kim, M. L. Brongersma, Condition for unity absorption in an ultrathin and highly lossy film in a gires–tournois interferometer configuration, Opt. Lett. 40 (9) (2015) 1960.doi:10.1364/ol.40.001960

    work page doi:10.1364/ol.40.001960 2015

Show all 50 references
  1. [9]

    M. A. Kats, R. Blanchard, S. Ramanathan, F. Capasso, Thin-film interference in lossy, ultra-thin layers, Opt. Photon. News 25 (1) (2014) 40.doi:10.1364/opn.25.1.000040. 13

    2014 doi

  2. [10]

    J.-Y. Lee, P. Peumans, The origin of enhanced optical absorption in solar cells with metal nanoparticles embedded in the active layer, Opt. Express 18 (10) (2010) 10078– 10087.doi:10.1364/OE.18.010078. URLhttps://opg.optica.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-10-10078

    2010 doi

  3. [11]

    Spinelli, V

    P. Spinelli, V. E. Ferry, J. van de Groep, M. van Lare, M. A. Verschuuren, R. E. I. Schropp, H. A. Atwater, A. Polman, Plasmonic light trapping in thin-film si solar cells, J. Opt. 14 (2) (2012) 024002.doi:10.1088/2040-8978/14/2/024002. URLhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/...

    2012 doi

  4. [12]

    S. K. Srivastava, R. Tomar, S. Amirthapandian, P. Magudapathy, A. Das, P. Gangopad- hyay, C. David, Formation and dynamics of au nanoparticles in a silica-glass: syner- gistic effects of temperature and fluences of ion irradiations, Appl. Phys. A 124 (9). doi:10.1007/s00339-01...

    doi

  5. [13]

    M. S. G. Hamed, M. A. Adedeji, Y. Zhang, G. T. Mola, Silver sulphide nano-particles enhanced photo-current in polymer solar cells, Appl. Phys. A 126 (3).doi:10.1007/ s00339-020-3389-8. URLhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-3389-8

    doi

  6. [14]

    Jabeen, S

    M. Jabeen, S. Haxha, Increased optical absorption and light–matter interaction in Sili- con thin-film solar cell nanostructure using graphene and 2-d Au/Ag nanograting, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 54 (6) (2018) 1–12.doi:10.1109/jqe.2018.2877185. URLhttps://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.201...

    2018

  7. [15]

    F. E. Subhan, A. D. Khan, F. E. Hilal, A. D. Khan, S. D. Khan, R. Ullah, M. Imran, M. Noman, Efficient broadband light absorption in thin-film a-si solar cell based on double sided hybrid bi-metallic nanogratings, RSC Adv. 10 (20) (2020) 11836–11842. doi:10.1039/c9ra10232a. UR...

    2020 doi

  8. [16]

    Bucher, Solar cell materials and their basic parameters, Appl

    E. Bucher, Solar cell materials and their basic parameters, Appl. Phys. 17 (1) (1978) 1–26.doi:10.1007/bf00885025. URLhttps://doi.org/10.1007/bf00885025

    1978 doi

  9. [17]

    R. W. Birkmire, E. Eser, Polycrystalline thin film solar cells:present status and future potential, Annual Rev. Mater. Sci. 27 (1) (1997) 625–653.doi:10.1146/annurev. matsci.27.1.625. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.27.1.625

    1997 doi

  10. [18]

    S. Lin, T. Zhang, H. Yang, Y. Li, Progress and perspectives of solar cells: A critical re- view, Energy&Fuels38(2)(2023)761–788.doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c02908. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c02908

    2023 doi

  11. [19]

    Y. Lu, M. Chen, G. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Recent progress in the study of integrated so- lar cell-energy storage systems, Nanoscale 16 (18) (2024) 8778–8790.doi:10.1039/ d4nr00839a. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1039/D4NR00839A

    2024 doi

  12. [20]

    Ghosh, M

    T. Ghosh, M. Gupta, B. R. K. Nanda, K. Shankar, D. Pradhan, Dimension-controlled synthesis of hybrid-mixed halide perovskites for solar cell application, ACS Appl. Mater. & Interfaces 15 (37) (2023) 43909–43924.doi:10.1021/acsami.3c09936. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c09936

    2023 doi

  13. [21]

    N. D. Vy, V. N. T. Pham, L. T. Dat, A theoretical study on optical field distribution and absorption of stacked thin films supported by a reflective back layer, AIP Advances 14 (4).doi:10.1063/5.0198937. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0198937

    doi

  14. [22]

    L. T. Dat, S. H. Luong, V. N. Pham, N. D. Vy, T. Iida, Radiation pressure on a graphene layer inserted inside an optical microcavity, Optics Communications 520 (2022) 128478. doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2022.128478. URLhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2022.128478 15

    2022

  15. [23]

    Vial, A.-S

    A. Vial, A.-S. Grimault, D. Macías, D. Barchiesi, M. L. de la Chapelle, Improved analytical fit of gold dispersion: application to the modeling of extinction spectra with a finite-difference time-domain method, Phys. Rev. B 71 (8).doi:10.1103/physrevb. 71.085416. URLhttps://do...

    doi

  16. [24]

    A. Vial, T. Laroche, M. Dridi, L. L. Cunff, A new model of dispersion for metals leading to a more accurate modeling of plasmonic structures using the FDTD method, Appl. Phys. A 103 (3) (2011) 849–853.doi:10.1007/s00339-010-6224-9. URLhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-010-6224-9

    2011 doi

  17. [25]

    N. D. Vy, T. Iida, Ambient-dependent optomechanical control of cantilever with me- chanical nonlinearity by cavity-induced radiation force, Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 (9) (2013) 091101.doi:10.1063/1.4794060. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794060

    2013 doi

  18. [26]

    N. D. Vy, T. Iida, Nonlinear analysis of sub-millikelvin optomechanical cooling for extremely low noise quantum measurement, Appl. Phys. Express 8 (3) (2015) 032801. doi:10.7567/APEX.8.032801. URLhttp://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.7567/APEX.8.032801

    2015 doi

  19. [27]

    N. D. Vy, T. Iida, Enhancing thermally induced effects on atomic force microscope cantilevers using optical microcavities, Appl. Phys. Express 9 (12) (2016) 126601.doi: 10.7567/APEX.8.126601. URLhttp://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.7567/APEX.9.126601

    2016 doi

  20. [28]

    V. N. T. Pham, C. M. Hoang, H. T. Huy, L. T. Dat, N. Duy Vy, T. Iida, A. F. Payam, Theoretical study on the optimal thermal excitation of bimaterial cantilevers, Applied Physics Express 13 (6) (2020) 064002.doi:10.35848/1882-0786/ab8e0a. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ab8e0a

    2020 doi

  21. [29]

    A. D. Rakić, A. B. Djurišić, J. M. Elazar, M. L. Majewski, Optical properties of metallic 16 films for vertical-cavity optoelectronic devices, Appl. Opt. 37 (22) (1998) 5271–5283. doi:10.1364/AO.37.005271. URLhttps://opg.optica.org/ao/abstract.cfm?URI=ao-37-22-5271

    1998 doi

  22. [30]

    Crovetto, R

    A. Crovetto, R. Chen, R. B. Ettlinger, A. C. Cazzaniga, J. Schou, C. Persson, O. Hansen, Dielectric function and double absorption onset of monoclinic Cu2SnS3: Origin of experimental features explained by first-principles calculations, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 154 (2016) ...

    2016 doi

  23. [31]

    B. Song, H. Gu, M. Fang, X. Chen, H. Jiang, R. Wang, T. Zhai, Y. Ho, S. Liu, Layer-dependent dielectric function of wafer-scale 2d mos2, Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 (2). doi:10.1002/adom.201801250. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801250

    doi

  24. [32]

    M. M. Kirillova, L. V. Nomerovannaya, M. M. Noskov, Optical properties of molybde- num single crystals, JETP 33 (6) (1971) 1210. URLhttp://www.jetp.ras.ru/cgi-bin/dn/e_033_06_1210.pdf

    1971

  25. [33]

    C. M. Hoang, T. Iida, L. T. Dat, H. T. Huy, N. D. Vy, Optimal coating thickness for enhancement of optical effects in optical multilayer-based metrologies, Opt. Commun. 403 (2017) 150–154.doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2017.07.023. URLwww.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003040181730603X

    2017 doi

  26. [34]

    M. He, A. Lokhande, I. Y. Kim, U. Ghorpade, M. Suryawanshi, J. H. Kim, Fabrication of sputtered deposited cu2sns3 (cts) thin film solar cell with power conversion efficiency of 2.39 %, J. Alloys Compd. 701 (2017) 901–908.doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01. 191. URLhttp://dx.doi.org...

    2017 doi

  27. [35]

    Hossain, P

    E. Hossain, P. Chelvanathan, B. Bais, N. Azmi, S. Shahahmadi, Y. Yussof, K. Sopian, N. Amin, Enhancement in structural and optical properties of copper tin sulphide (cts) 17 thin films via sulphurization process, Mater. Sci. in Semicond. Processing 143 (2022) 106496.doi:10.101...

    2022

  28. [36]

    Laghchim, A

    E. Laghchim, A. Raidou, A. Fahmi, E. Ouabida, M. Fahoume, Exploring the correlation between the bandgap engineering and defect density toward high cts solar cell efficiency, Mater. Today Commun. 37 (2023) 106949.doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.106949. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j....

    2023

  29. [37]

    Mathew, Numerical design and optimization of copper tin sulphide (cts) sensi- tizer based quantum dot solar cell, Solar Energy 300 (2025) 113757.doi:10.1016/j

    M. Mathew, Numerical design and optimization of copper tin sulphide (cts) sensi- tizer based quantum dot solar cell, Solar Energy 300 (2025) 113757.doi:10.1016/j. solener.2025.113757. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2025.113757

    2025

  30. [38]

    Suryawanshi, B

    P. Suryawanshi, B. Babar, A. Mohite, U. Pawar, A. Bhosale, H. Shelke, A simple chem- ical approach for the deposition of cu2sns3 (cts) thin films, Mater. Today: Proceedings 43 (2021) 2682–2688.doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.211. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.211

    2021 doi

  31. [39]

    V. V. Kutwade, K. P. Gattu, M. E. Sonawane, D. A. Tonpe, I. M. Mohammed, R. Sharma, Theoretical modeling and optimization: Cd-free cts/zn(o, s)/zno thin film solar cell, Mater. Today Commun. 29 (2021) 102972.doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021. 102972. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtc...

    2021

  32. [40]

    Rahaman, M

    S. Rahaman, M. K. Singha, P. Sarkar, M. A. Sunil, K. Ghosh, Optimization of cts thin film solar cell: A numerical investigation based on usp deposited thin films, Phys. B: Cond. Matt. 698 (2025) 416751.doi:10.1016/j.physb.2024.416751. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2024.416751

    2025

  33. [41]

    S. A. Maier, Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications, Springer US, 2007.doi: 18 10.1007/0-387-37825-1. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-37825-1

    2007 doi

  34. [42]

    H. A. Atwater, A. Polman, Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices, Nat. Mater. 9 (3) (2010) 205–213.doi:10.1038/nmat2629. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat2629

    2010 doi

  35. [43]

    P. B. Johnson, R. W. Christy, Optical constants of the noble metals, Phys. Rev. B 6 (1972) 4370–4379.doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.6.4370. URLhttp://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.6.4370

    1972 doi

  36. [44]

    H. Tan, R. Santbergen, A. H. M. Smets, M. Zeman, Plasmonic light trapping in thin- film silicon solar cells with improved self-assembled silver nanoparticles, Nano Lett. 12 (8) (2012) 4070–4076.doi:10.1021/nl301521z. URLhttps://doi.org/10.1021/nl301521z

    2012 doi

  37. [45]

    M. L. Brongersma, N. J. Halas, P. Nordlander, Plasmon-induced hot carrier science and technology, Nat. Nanotech. 10 (1) (2015) 25–34.doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.311. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.311

    2015 doi

  38. [46]

    M. W. Knight, N. S. King, L. Liu, H. O. Everitt, P. Nordlander, N. J. Halas, Aluminum for plasmonics, ACS Nano 8 (1) (2013) 834–840.doi:10.1021/nn405495q. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn405495q

    2013 doi

  39. [47]

    Zou, X.-D

    L.-R. Zou, X.-D. Lyu, D.-D. Sang, Y. Yao, S.-H. Ge, X.-T. Wang, C.-D. Zhou, H.-L. Fu, H.-Z. Xi, J.-C. Fan, C. Wang, Q.-L. Wang, Two-dimensional mos2/diamond based heterojunctions for excellent optoelectronic devices: current situation and new perspec- tives, Rare Metals 42 (10...

    2023 doi

  40. [48]

    C. Tan, X. Cao, X.-J. Wu, Q. He, J. Yang, X. Zhang, J. Chen, W. Zhao, S. Han, G.-H. Nam, M. Sindoro, H. Zhang, Recent advances in ultrathin two-dimensional nanomate- 19 rials, Chem. Rev. 117 (9) (2017) 6225–6331.doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00558. URLhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs...

    2017 doi

  41. [49]

    Wu, C.-F

    W.-Y. Wu, C.-F. Hsu, M.-J. Wu, C.-N. Chen, J.-J. Huang, Ag–TiO2 composite photoelectrode for dye-sensitized solar cell, Appl. Phys. A 123 (5).doi:10.1007/ s00339-017-0963-9. URLhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-017-0963-9

    doi

  42. [50]

    A. G. Waketola, F. G. Hone, G. T. Mola, S. O. Oseni, H. Ogutu, N. A. Tegegne, Hybrid silver/silver-oxide nanoparticles doped hole transport layer for efficient photon harvest- ing in organic solar cells, Appl. Phys. A 129 (2).doi:10.1007/s00339-022-06349-4. URLhttps://doi.org/...

    doi

Pith tools

Reviewed August 6, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.