Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.158832Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression
As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.06340.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
40 of 40 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy37
- unresolved3
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation a59c03f1-2ee5-45dd-a110-021726605259 · outbound
This paper cites Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report
Reference 1
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.948527Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 60b36401-d525-4f0f-85b1-24d4097c8d9c · outbound
This paper cites Fluticasone furoate and vilanterol and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with heightened cardiovascular risk (SUMMIT): a double-blind randomised controlled trial.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Fluticasone furoate and vilanterol and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with heightened cardiovascular risk (SUMMIT): a double-blind randomised controlled trial
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.930255Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation d81e6f67-cf26-48e0-abd9-94e4e142ea79 · outbound
This paper cites Indacaterol-Glycopyrronium versus Salmeterol-Fluticasone for COPD.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Indacaterol-Glycopyrronium versus Salmeterol-Fluticasone for COPD
Reference 3
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.911069Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6c600aef-98f2-4755-9925-b70da9c29512 · outbound
This paper cites Once-daily single-inhaler triple versus dual therapy in patients with COPD.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Once-daily single-inhaler triple versus dual therapy in patients with COPD
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.892541Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation c4db5c19-6cfc-4b0b-9932-a7350d6dc53d · outbound
This paper cites Long-term natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: severe exacerbations and mortality.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Long-term natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: severe exacerbations and mortality
Reference 5
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.873701Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e108e41a-1fdd-4d82-97c4-a35d235c0337 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Unresolved cited work
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.854532Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 37edb17e-1358-4d1c-a8f9-1cf52804b144 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Unresolved cited work
Reference 7
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.837299Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 513715aa-2303-4138-b8cc-56293aed33c5 · outbound
This paper cites Tiotropium and olodaterol in the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations (DYNAGITO): a double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, active-controlled trial.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Tiotropium and olodaterol in the prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations (DYNAGITO): a double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, active-controlled trial
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.820371Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 48debec0-0114-4d90-bf79-0c6d74215d1e · outbound
This paper cites The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.801908Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation a63dd4ae-65a8-4683-962c-dae7e266838b · outbound
This paper cites Inhaled drugs to reduce exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a network meta-analysis.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Inhaled drugs to reduce exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a network meta-analysis
Reference 10
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.785527Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 50063793-c2d7-4fa5-80f6-2f5eeaba797e · outbound
This paper cites Pharmacotherapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multiple treatment comparison meta- analysis.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Pharmacotherapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a multiple treatment comparison meta- analysis
Reference 11
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.768435Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 59b3fd3a-ae99-4f39-8241-1862248ca017 · outbound
This paper cites Effectiveness versus efficacy trials in COPD: how study design influences outcomes and applicability.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Effectiveness versus efficacy trials in COPD: how study design influences outcomes and applicability
Reference 12
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.749312Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation eb49441b-1256-45dd-8531-df504d4714d4 · outbound
This paper cites Counting, analysing and reporting exacerbations of COPD in randomised controlled trials.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Counting, analysing and reporting exacerbations of COPD in randomised controlled trials
Reference 13
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.732846Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 398321c2-3113-4144-b09d-12a9ef50b3d2 · outbound
This paper cites Evidence synthesis for count distributions based on heterogeneous and incomplete aggregated data.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Evidence synthesis for count distributions based on heterogeneous and incomplete aggregated data
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.716530Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f56d3feb-5a9e-41e3-aa97-184fc3bad8db · outbound
This paper cites Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials
Reference 15
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.697412Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 3a153b57-5db1-4cf5-a6d3-5da2deda9bbc · outbound
This paper cites ISMOD: an all-subsets regression program for generalized linear models.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression ISMOD: an all-subsets regression program for generalized linear models
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.678194Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 5b51d2cf-1b46-4d3e-af12-44e1db16897e · outbound
This paper cites Statistical analysis of exacerbation rates in COPD: TRISTAN and ISOLDE revisited.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Statistical analysis of exacerbation rates in COPD: TRISTAN and ISOLDE revisited
Reference 17
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.655783Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 3c963906-b0bd-48f6-9c47-ca258450def2 · outbound
This paper cites Guideline on clinical investigation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Guideline on clinical investigation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Reference 18
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.638537Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 13cd0243-5280-49b6-bcac-4b09b9e0e586 · outbound
This paper cites Impact of frequency of COPD exacerbations on pulmonary function, health status and clinical outcomes.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Impact of frequency of COPD exacerbations on pulmonary function, health status and clinical outcomes
Reference 19
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.621459Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation e52404e7-b833-4274-89cb-6acf221d7bb6 · outbound
This paper cites Roflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Roflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials
Reference 20
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.600985Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 91e29993-f198-4099-955b-e5b65804fbb7 · outbound
This paper cites Explaining temporal trends in annualised relapse rates in placebo groups of randomised controlled trials in relapsing multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-regression.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Explaining temporal trends in annualised relapse rates in placebo groups of randomised controlled trials in relapsing multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-regression
Reference 22
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.578703Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 605f82db-bc17-4c01-964e-86c49c2064e5 · outbound
This paper cites Minimal clinically important difference--exacerbations of COPD.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Minimal clinically important difference--exacerbations of COPD
Reference 23
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.559428Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 991dfcd3-fca5-42cf-82ee-afcc59d7b068 · outbound
This paper cites Carrasco-Garrido P.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Carrasco-Garrido P
Reference 24
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.542020Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ac4f49a0-ad4a-4120-97ca-e16b5a041c2e · outbound
This paper cites Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cardiac Diseases.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cardiac Diseases
Reference 25
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.508205Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ef92bb36-b293-4c86-bee7-95b99c4c5b1c · outbound
This paper cites Historic air pollution exposure and long-term mortality risks in England and Wales: prospective longitudinal cohort study.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Historic air pollution exposure and long-term mortality risks in England and Wales: prospective longitudinal cohort study
Reference 26
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.492285Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 7b2acc24-313b-42b6-8097-6fa000b6de7f · outbound
This paper cites Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Reference 27
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.470664Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6315e0cd-8688-4485-b4d8-eaf449a98b83 · outbound
This paper cites Characterisation of exacerbation risk and exacerbator phenotypes in the POET-COPD trial.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Characterisation of exacerbation risk and exacerbator phenotypes in the POET-COPD trial
Reference 28
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.451041Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6d48056d-1e6c-463a-af05-fe12bee75f8e · outbound
This paper cites Frequency of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Frequency of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of the SPIROMICS cohort
Reference 29
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.433669Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation fa7d61c5-74aa-49c3-bb3b-5030be6672b2 · outbound
This paper cites Current concepts in targeting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pharmacotherapy: making progress towards personalised management.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Current concepts in targeting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pharmacotherapy: making progress towards personalised management
Reference 30
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.414657Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 40d3ccde-7451-4348-bafe-881f0b40d88b · outbound
This paper cites Blood eosinophil count and exacerbations in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids: a post-hoc analysis of the WISDOM trial.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Blood eosinophil count and exacerbations in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids: a post-hoc analysis of the WISDOM trial
Reference 31
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.392487Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 7a6bacad-7c90-4c83-89e1-b4a05a9b9f26 · outbound
This paper cites Definitions of exacerbations: does it really matter in clinical trials on COPD.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Definitions of exacerbations: does it really matter in clinical trials on COPD
Reference 32
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.367729Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation bb69f9bd-1bb9-499a-8b04-c401ac7102c4 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Unresolved cited work
Reference 33
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.345794Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation d23eee5b-3216-42c4-b3c2-993c3e14f1e0 · outbound
This paper cites Statistical treatment of exacerbations in therapeutic trials of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Statistical treatment of exacerbations in therapeutic trials of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Reference 34
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.324825Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6429a979-4b93-4599-927e-64eaef764f49 · outbound
This paper cites Trends in annualized relapse rates in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and consequences for clinical trial design.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Trends in annualized relapse rates in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and consequences for clinical trial design
Reference 35
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.306526Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation b2b0c31f-af26-4717-af1e-4467a45c1b74 · outbound
This paper cites A pulmonologist's guide to understanding network meta-analysis.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression A pulmonologist's guide to understanding network meta-analysis
Reference 36
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.286475Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation f908997f-7e64-4699-aaa1-6ad9ae44470b · outbound
This paper cites Inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Reference 37
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.266050Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 6a711973-2bf4-4abe-b571-43fb5a0fc9ed · outbound
This paper cites Comparative efficacy of long-acting bronchodilators for COPD: a network meta-analysis.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Comparative efficacy of long-acting bronchodilators for COPD: a network meta-analysis
Reference 38
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.246254Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 1e579c07-b8fa-4d87-ab66-af13916e066b · outbound
This paper cites Long-acting inhaled therapy (beta-agonists, anticholinergics and steroids) for COPD: a network meta-analysis.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Long-acting inhaled therapy (beta-agonists, anticholinergics and steroids) for COPD: a network meta-analysis
Reference 39
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.226169Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation ff294d15-52bd-4f64-a944-070933ddd8bd · outbound
This paper cites Recommendations for Drug Therapies for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression Recommendations for Drug Therapies for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Reference 40
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.207068Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Observation 252ac663-9231-45aa-b00a-6d657b35a641 · outbound
This paper cites 2013;107(5):717 – 23.
Decline of COPD exacerbations in clinical trials over two decades -- a systematic review and meta-regression 2013;107(5):717 – 23
Reference 2010
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:51:35.525209Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.