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Small Latin arrays have a near transversal

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arxiv 1911.05936 v2 pith:SSKC6CFZ submitted 2019-11-14 math.CO

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keywords arraylatindiagonalweightdifferentleastnearorder
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abstract

A Latin array is a matrix of symbols in which no symbol occurs more than once within a row or within a column. A diagonal of an $n\times n$ array is a selection of $n$ cells taken from different rows and columns of the array. The weight of a diagonal is the number of different symbols on it. We show via computation that every Latin array of order $n\le11$ has a diagonal of weight at least $n-1$. A corollary is the existence of near transversals in Latin squares of these orders. More generally, for all $k\le20$ we compute a lower bound on the order of any Latin array that does not have a diagonal of weight at least $n-k$.

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