DIRECT Distances to Nearby Galaxies Using Detached Eclipsing Binaries and Cepheids. I. Variables in the Field M31B

We undertook a long term project, DIRECT, to obtain the direct distances to two important galaxies in the cosmological distance ladder -- M31 and M33, using detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs) and Cepheids. While rare and difficult to detect, detached eclipsing binaries provide us with the potential to determine these distances with an accuracy better than 5%. The massive photometry obtained in order to detect DEBs provides us with good light curves for the Cepheid variables. These are essential to the parallel project to derive direct Baade-Wesselink distances to Cepheids in M31 and M33. For both Cepheids and eclipsing binaries the distance estimates will be free of any intermediate steps. As a first step of the DIRECT project, between September 1996 and January 1997 we have obtained 36 full nights on the Michigan-Dartmouth-MIT (MDM) 1.3-meter telescope and 45 full/partial nights on the F. L. Whipple Observatory (FLWO) 1.2-meter telescope to search for detached eclipsing binaries and new Cepheids in the M31 and the M33 galaxies. In this paper, first in the series, we present the catalog of variable stars, most of them newly detected, found in the field M31B ($\alpha_{2000.0},\delta_{2000}=11.20\deg,41.59\deg$). We have found 85 variable stars: 12 eclipsing binaries, 38 Cepheids and 35 other periodic, possible long period or non-periodic variables. The catalog of variables, as well as their photometry and finding charts, are available using the anonymous ftp service and the WWW.