Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers

As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 31 of 31 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.01432.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.01432 v1

Coverage vector

measured 31 of 31 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.496907Z

measured 34 of 34 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T12:47:21.034251Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

31 of 31 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy2
unresolved26
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

0
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

Observation 6f93a0a1-8f86-44fd-8143-6d5730869cdd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.386926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 162bc1c4-3448-4329-a762-50a9251f552c · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Neural Networks and Formal Languages.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers A Survey of Neural Networks and Formal Languages

Reference 2

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.862389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation e2854982-5b7a-4554-ba23-62d8db9d4322 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.395384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ca8b0328-a94d-4b19-bd1a-049d406147bd · outbound

This paper cites Bhattamishra, Kabir Ahuja, and Navin Goyal.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Bhattamishra, Kabir Ahuja, and Navin Goyal

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.934319Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 698c979e-10b0-456f-bc7d-3c3d59393a5a · outbound

This paper cites Visualizing and Measuring the Geometry of BERT.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Visualizing and Measuring the Geometry of BERT

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.402912Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d6d2443f-ccb3-45c1-b511-5c424a3a3870 · outbound

This paper cites Stack Attention: Improving the Ability of Transformers to Model Hierarchical Patterns.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Stack Attention: Improving the Ability of Transformers to Model Hierarchical Patterns

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.406900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 09c00a2c-754d-4dba-9fa5-c38ce005ac53 · outbound

This paper cites Toy Models of Superposition.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Toy Models of Superposition

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.411123Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b3a2929f-be27-4fb0-87ae-e89a25feedc4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.414418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2c54c801-3c6e-4061-abec-4efa1b8c2467 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.417483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 88aeda85-187a-4ca7-9260-e13eb7eb8e1b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.420419Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8bbb8ff4-294f-4925-b605-a2776e6c3e68 · outbound

This paper cites Designing and Interpreting Probes with Control Tasks.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Designing and Interpreting Probes with Control Tasks

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.423246Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 66da3639-baaa-409a-9134-422675d18f76 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.923996Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation df52a3c7-9f83-4157-a253-d0517449f4ac · outbound

This paper cites Inferring Algorithmic Patterns with Stack-Augmented Recurrent Nets.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Inferring Algorithmic Patterns with Stack-Augmented Recurrent Nets

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.811843Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation c18e6c1c-d079-4ba4-a1cb-29984925f8c3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.914528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 5f087524-83d4-4499-94db-73e2660a30ae · outbound

This paper cites Li, Maxwell Nye, and Jacob Andreas.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Li, Maxwell Nye, and Jacob Andreas

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.436199Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 01b738f0-980f-4673-ad89-fbbefc7973e8 · outbound

This paper cites Emergent World Representations: Exploring a Sequence Model Trained on a Synthetic Task.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Emergent World Representations: Exploring a Sequence Model Trained on a Synthetic Task

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.439615Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3eec87b3-1cb8-4297-a643-b23ad4a48051 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.904745Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 25ebb7eb-5024-42fb-9ea8-0b896f9602cd · outbound

This paper cites Progress measures for grokking via mechanistic interpretability.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Progress measures for grokking via mechanistic interpretability

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.895122Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation c7833f4b-a95b-4d97-98c5-52fe6f88a53f · outbound

This paper cites On the Turing Completeness of Modern Neural Network Architectures.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers On the Turing Completeness of Modern Neural Network Architectures

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.450060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8962af12-7ab1-4baf-9878-d8d366cb41c5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.454802Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fde0b2ad-a503-483d-aba0-095f55afb06a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.458271Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 18ceff90-affe-432f-817b-85e32a81fa39 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.465021Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e0afae2-e353-415f-98b2-a8981e4560a6 · outbound

This paper cites Memory-Augmented Recurrent Neural Networks Can Learn Generalized Dyck Languages.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Memory-Augmented Recurrent Neural Networks Can Learn Generalized Dyck Languages

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.468162Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8539dde1-5f88-4604-9a8b-523d3dac6c78 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the World Model Implicit in a Generative Model.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Evaluating the World Model Implicit in a Generative Model

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.471658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6d088364-f475-44c4-afb6-05bbec5d7cd5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.475171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e9f1bcb-98e1-4cb8-b3de-a97a4f531ac4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.885003Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 59f2d4e1-2304-4a1e-888d-d92c10fbcea7 · outbound

This paper cites Are Transformers universal approximators of sequence-to-sequence functions?.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Are Transformers universal approximators of sequence-to-sequence functions?

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.482240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation baa5b8b6-c895-4a3c-a587-f24a6a8bfb1c · outbound

This paper cites Transformer-Based Models Are Not Yet Perfect At Learning to Emulate Structural Recursion.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers Transformer-Based Models Are Not Yet Perfect At Learning to Emulate Structural Recursion

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.596955Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 00d1c289-b7d0-4645-944e-7ac3d9d84993 · outbound

This paper cites What Algorithms can Transformers Learn? A Study in Length Generalization.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers What Algorithms can Transformers Learn? A Study in Length Generalization

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.489472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 161a2b9e-e2a1-4194-b48b-7e3e3dde48bc · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.493071Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation deb99dd4-ab91-4620-ac9d-173995ed40c5 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers write newline

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T15:26:53.496907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 3ca8c32b-fc7d-4003-a018-9b71ccef78c7 · inbound

Unraveling Syntax: Language Modeling and the Substructure of Grammars cites this paper.

Unraveling Syntax: Language Modeling and the Substructure of Grammars Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T12:47:21.034251Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f775f281-8ffe-46f8-9315-fd8e5017be95 · inbound

Dissociating Decodability and Causal Use in Bracket-Sequence Transformers cites this paper.

Dissociating Decodability and Causal Use in Bracket-Sequence Transformers Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T19:21:08.180990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 2c70565b-d033-4113-a6a9-1d11b9bc4caa · inbound

Dissociating Decodability and Causal Use in Bracket-Sequence Transformers cites this paper.

Dissociating Decodability and Causal Use in Bracket-Sequence Transformers Emergent Stack Representations in Modeling Counter Languages Using Transformers

Reference 13

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-08T21:39:24.419593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.