Finite flag-transitive affine planes with a solvable automorphism group

In this paper, we consider finite flag-transitive affine planes with a solvable automorphism group. Under a mild number-theoretic condition involving the order and dimension of the plane, the translation complement must contain a linear cyclic subgroup that either is transitive or has two equal-sized orbits on the line at infinity. We develop a new approach to the study of such planes by associating them with planar functions and permutation polynomials in the odd order and even order case respectively. In the odd order case, we characterize the Kantor-Suetake family by using Menichetti's classification of generalized twisted fields and Blokhuis, Lavrauw and Ball's classifcation of rank two commutative semifields. In the even order case, we develop a technique to study permutation polynomials of DO type by quadratic forms and characterize such planes that have dimensions up to four over their kernels.