A Unified Beamforming and A/D Self-Interference Cancellation Design for Full Duplex MIMO Radios

Besma Smida; George C. Alexandropoulos; Md Atiqul Islam

arxiv: 1906.10656 · v1 · pith:TOWP3XDWnew · submitted 2019-06-25 · 📡 eess.SP

A Unified Beamforming and A/D Self-Interference Cancellation Design for Full Duplex MIMO Radios

Md Atiqul Islam , George C. Alexandropoulos , Besma Smida This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-25 16:24 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 📡 eess.SP

keywords full duplexMIMOself-interference cancellationbeamforminganalog cancellationdigital cancellationtransmitter impairments

0 comments

The pith

A joint beamforming and A/D self-interference cancellation design for full duplex MIMO radios achieves higher cancellation capability with fewer analog taps than prior methods.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper establishes a unified design that jointly optimizes digital transmit and receive beamforming together with a multi-tap analog canceller and a new digital cancellation step for full duplex MIMO operation. It incorporates realistic transmitter impairments through models of IQ imbalance and nonlinear amplification, and uses pilot signals to estimate all relevant channels. The goal is to drive residual self-interference below the noise floor. A sympathetic reader would care because the approach requires fewer analog components than existing techniques while delivering higher achievable rates and lower bit error rates.

Core claim

The unified full duplex MIMO design, which jointly configures digital beamformers, the taps of a multi-tap analog canceller whose count does not grow with antenna number, and a novel digital self-interference cancellation method, suppresses both linear and nonlinear residual self-interference below the noise floor when transmitter IQ imbalance and nonlinear power amplification are present, yielding improved achievable rate and bit error performance compared with available techniques.

What carries the argument

Joint optimization of digital transmit/receive beamforming with multi-tap analog cancellation and pilot-assisted estimation of all wireless channels, paired with a new digital cancellation technique.

If this is right

Residual linear and nonlinear self-interference is driven below the noise floor.
Fewer analog taps are needed than in state-of-the-art designs.
Achievable rates increase relative to prior full-duplex MIMO schemes.
Bit error rates improve under the same impairment models.
Pilot-assisted channel estimation supports the joint configuration of all cancellation stages.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

The antenna-independent tap count could simplify scaling to large MIMO arrays.
The design might be tested in over-the-air experiments to check whether channel estimation remains accurate under mobility.
Similar joint optimization could be examined for other full-duplex scenarios that include additional hardware impairments.
The approach suggests that analog cancellation hardware can be decoupled from antenna count in full-duplex systems.

Load-bearing premise

The multi-tap analog canceller whose number of taps stays fixed regardless of antenna count, together with the chosen models of transmitter IQ imbalance and nonlinear amplification, correctly captures the main residual self-interference that remains after beamforming.

What would settle it

Monte Carlo runs or hardware measurements in which the residual self-interference after the joint design stays above the noise floor or fails to exceed the cancellation and rate performance of baseline methods that use the same number of analog taps.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 1906.10656 by Besma Smida, George C. Alexandropoulos, Md Atiqul Islam.

**Figure 2.** Figure 2: Probability of saturation of any of the RX RF chains at the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_2.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 4.** Figure 4: Average BER with 16-QAM at the FD MIMO node k versus the TX power in dBm after cascading A/D SI cancellation designs. For the spatial suppression approach we have used a 16-tap time domain analog SI canceller, which corresponds to the highest hardware complexity canceller for the considered number of transceiver antennas. In our unified approach we have incorporated both digital SI cancellation and an ana… view at source ↗

read the original abstract

In this paper, we focus on reduced complexity full duplex Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems and present a joint design of digital transmit and receive beamforming with Analog and Digital (A/D) self-interference cancellation. We capitalize on a recently proposed multi-tap analog canceller architecture, whose number of taps does not scale with the number of transceiver antennas, and consider practical transmitter impairments for the full duplex operation. Particularly, transmitter IQ imbalance and nonlinear power amplification are assumed via relevant realistic models. Aiming at suppressing the residual linear and nonlinear self-interference signal below the noise floor, we propose a novel digital self-interference cancellation technique that is jointly designed with the configuration of the analog taps and digital beamformers. Differently from the state of the art, we design pilot-assisted estimation of all involved wireless channels. Our representative Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrate that our unified full duplex MIMO design exhibits higher self-interference cancellation capability with less analog taps compared to available techniques, which results in improved achievable rate and bit error performance.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

The paper gives a joint beamforming plus multi-tap analog canceller design for full-duplex MIMO that folds in IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity via pilot estimation, but the gains rest on simulations whose baselines and variability are not shown in detail.

read the letter

The main point is a design that combines transmit and receive beamformers with a multi-tap analog self-interference canceller whose tap count stays fixed no matter how many antennas are used, then adds a digital canceller that targets both linear and nonlinear residuals from transmitter IQ imbalance and power amplifier distortion. They estimate all the relevant channels with pilots and optimize the pieces together to drive residual interference below the noise floor. The Monte Carlo results claim better cancellation, higher rates, and lower bit error rates than earlier methods while using fewer analog taps. That non-scaling analog hardware is the practical hook here, and handling the impairments explicitly is a step beyond ideal models. The joint optimization and the pilot scheme for the nonlinear terms are the parts that feel new relative to the cited work. The soft spot is that everything rides on the simulation outcomes. There are no visible details on how the comparison baselines were coded, no error bars, and no discussion of how sensitive the results are to the exact impairment parameters or pilot choices. If the modeled IQ imbalance and nonlinearity do not actually dominate the residual self-interference once beamforming is applied, or if the estimation of the nonlinear paths is less accurate in practice than the simulations assume, the reported advantages would shrink. The paper does not show that other hardware effects are negligible. This is aimed at people working on full-duplex MIMO hardware and impairment mitigation. A reader already in that subfield would pick up the architecture and the estimation approach as something to try or extend. It is not a broad theoretical advance, but the concrete joint design with fixed-tap analog cancellation is worth checking. I would send it to peer review rather than desk reject; the simulation claims need referee scrutiny on the baselines and on whether the impairment models match real residuals, but the core idea is concrete enough to justify the time.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The paper proposes a joint design of digital transmit/receive beamforming with analog and digital self-interference cancellation for full-duplex MIMO radios. It employs a multi-tap analog canceller whose tap count is independent of the number of antennas, incorporates realistic models for transmitter IQ imbalance and nonlinear power amplification, performs pilot-assisted estimation of all linear and nonlinear channels, and uses Monte Carlo simulations to claim superior SI cancellation (below noise floor) with fewer analog taps than prior techniques, yielding improved achievable rates and BER.

Significance. If the simulation-based performance claims hold under the stated impairment models, the work offers a scalable approach to analog cancellation in FD MIMO systems that does not grow with antenna count, which could reduce hardware complexity while maintaining effective SI suppression and thus improve spectral efficiency in practical deployments.

major comments (2)

[Abstract] Abstract: the central performance claim (higher SI cancellation with fewer taps, plus rate/BER gains) rests entirely on Monte Carlo results, yet the abstract supplies no derivation details, error-bar information, number of trials, or named comparison baselines, rendering the reported improvements unverifiable from the provided information.
[System Model] System model and assumptions: the multi-tap analog canceller (taps independent of antenna count) plus the specific IQ imbalance and nonlinear PA models are taken to represent the dominant residual SI after beamforming; no analysis or sensitivity study is supplied showing that unmodeled effects would not dominate, which is load-bearing for the claim that the joint design drives residuals below the noise floor.

minor comments (1)

Notation for the estimated channels and cancellation signals could be clarified with an explicit table or diagram relating the linear, IQ-imbalance, and nonlinear components.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive comments and positive assessment of the work's significance. We address the major comments point by point below.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the central performance claim (higher SI cancellation with fewer taps, plus rate/BER gains) rests entirely on Monte Carlo results, yet the abstract supplies no derivation details, error-bar information, number of trials, or named comparison baselines, rendering the reported improvements unverifiable from the provided information.

Authors: We agree that the abstract would benefit from additional details on the simulation setup. In the revised version, we will expand the abstract to specify the number of Monte Carlo trials, note the presence of error bars in the reported figures, and explicitly name the comparison baselines from prior techniques. revision: yes
Referee: [System Model] System model and assumptions: the multi-tap analog canceller (taps independent of antenna count) plus the specific IQ imbalance and nonlinear PA models are taken to represent the dominant residual SI after beamforming; no analysis or sensitivity study is supplied showing that unmodeled effects would not dominate, which is load-bearing for the claim that the joint design drives residuals below the noise floor.

Authors: The chosen models for the multi-tap canceller, IQ imbalance, and nonlinear PA follow established literature on practical FD impairments and are positioned as the dominant contributors to residual SI. We acknowledge that no dedicated sensitivity study to unmodeled effects is provided. In revision, we will add a discussion paragraph justifying these modeling choices and their prevalence in FD MIMO systems, while clarifying that a comprehensive sensitivity analysis lies outside the current scope. revision: partial

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: design rests on external models and simulations

full rationale

The paper proposes a joint beamforming and A/D cancellation design using a multi-tap analog architecture (whose tap count is independent of antenna count), realistic transmitter impairment models, and pilot-assisted channel estimation. Performance is evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations against state-of-the-art methods. No quoted equations or steps show any prediction or result reducing algebraically to fitted inputs, self-citations, or ansatzes by construction. The derivation chain is self-contained against the stated external benchmarks and models.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on the validity of the multi-tap analog canceller model, the accuracy of the transmitter impairment models, and the assumption that pilot-assisted estimation can obtain all required channels with sufficient precision; no free parameters or invented entities are explicitly introduced in the abstract.

axioms (2)

domain assumption The multi-tap analog canceller architecture has a number of taps that does not scale with the number of transceiver antennas.
Invoked in the abstract as the basis for reduced-complexity design.
domain assumption Transmitter IQ imbalance and nonlinear power amplification are the dominant practical impairments that must be modeled for realistic full-duplex operation.
Stated as the impairment models assumed in the design.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5724 in / 1416 out tokens · 33844 ms · 2026-05-25T16:24:00.393527+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

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24 extracted references · 24 canonical work pages · 1 internal anchor

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In-band full-duplex wireless: Challenges and opportunities,

A. Sabharwal, P. Schniter, D. Guo, D. W. Bliss, S. Rangarajan, and R. Wichman, “In-band full-duplex wireless: Challenges and opportunities,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. , vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1637–1652, Sep. 2014

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D. Bharadia, E. McMilin, and S. Katti, “Full duplex radios,” in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM , Hong Kong, China, 12-16 Aug. 2013, pp. 375–386

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ReﬂectFX: In-band full-duplex wireless communication by means of reﬂected power,

B. Smida and S. Khaledian, “ReﬂectFX: In-band full-duplex wireless communication by means of reﬂected power,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 2207–2219, May 2017

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Mitigation of loop- back self-interference in full-duplex MIMO relays,

T. Riihonen, S. Werner, and R. Wichman, “Mitigation of loop- back self-interference in full-duplex MIMO relays,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 5983–5993, Dec. 2011

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[6] [6]

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E. Everett, C. Shepard, L. Zhong, and A. Sabharwal, “Softnull: Many-antenna full-duplex wireless via digital beamforming,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. , vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 8077–8092, Dec. 2016

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G. C. Alexandropoulos and M. Duarte, “Joint design of multi- tap analog cancellation and digital beamforming for reduced complexity full duplex MIMO systems,” in Proc. IEEE ICC , Paris, France, May 2017, pp. 1–7

work page 2017

[8] [8]

Full duplex MIMO radios,

D. Bharadia and S. Katti, “Full duplex MIMO radios,” in Proc. USENIX NSDI , Seattle, W A, 2-4 Apr. 2014, pp. 359–372

work page 2014

[9] [9]

Channel estimation and self- interference cancellation in full-duplex communication systems,

A. Masmoudi and T. Le-Ngoc, “Channel estimation and self- interference cancellation in full-duplex communication systems,” IEEE Trans. V eh. Technol., vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 321–334, Jan. 2017

work page 2017

[10] [10]

Modeling and efﬁcient cancellation of nonlinear self-interference in MIMO full-duplex transceivers,

L. Anttila, D. Korpi, E. Antonio-Rodr ´ıguez, R. Wichman, and M. Valkama, “Modeling and efﬁcient cancellation of nonlinear self-interference in MIMO full-duplex transceivers,” in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM , Austin, USA, Dec. 2014, pp. 777–783

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[11] [11]

Widely linear digital self-interference cancellation in direct-conversion full-duplex transceiver,

D. Korpi, L. Anttila, V . Syrjala, and M. Valkama, “Widely linear digital self-interference cancellation in direct-conversion full-duplex transceiver,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. , vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1674–1687, Sep. 2014

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Compact inband full-duplex relays with beyond 100 dB self- interference suppression: Enabling techniques and ﬁeld measure- ments,

D. Korpi, M. Heino, C. Icheln, K. Haneda, and M. Valkama, “Compact inband full-duplex relays with beyond 100 dB self- interference suppression: Enabling techniques and ﬁeld measure- ments,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. , vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 960– 965, Nov. 2017

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Inher- ent self-interference cancellation for in-band full-duplex single- antenna systems,

S. Khaledian, F. Farzami, B. Smida, and D. Erricolo, “Inher- ent self-interference cancellation for in-band full-duplex single- antenna systems,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. , vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 2842–2850, Jun. 2018

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Low Complexity Full Duplex MIMO: Novel Analog Cancellation Architectures and Transceiver Design

G. C. Alexandropoulos and M. Duarte, “Low complexity full duplex MIMO: Novel analog cancellation architectures and transceiver design,” [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/pdf/ 1809.09474.pdf

work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv

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All-digital self-interference cancel- lation technique for full-duplex systems,

E. Ahmed and A. M. Eltawil, “All-digital self-interference cancel- lation technique for full-duplex systems,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 3519–3532, Jul. 2015

work page 2015

[16] [16]

A comprehensive self-interference model for single-antenna full-duplex communication systems,

M. A. Islam and B. Smida, “A comprehensive self-interference model for single-antenna full-duplex communication systems,” in Proc. IEEE ICC , Shanghai, China, May 2019, pp. 1–7

work page 2019

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Full-duplex transceiver system calculations: Analysis of ADC and linearity challenges,

D. Korpi, T. Riihonen, V . Syrj ¨al¨a, L. Anttila, M. Valkama, and R. Wichman, “Full-duplex transceiver system calculations: Analysis of ADC and linearity challenges,” IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 3821–3836, Jul. 2014

work page 2014

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On the baseband representation of a bandpass nonlinearity,

G. T. Zhou, H. Qian, L. Ding, and R. Raich, “On the baseband representation of a bandpass nonlinearity,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 2953–2957, Aug. 2005

work page 2005

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Gu, RF system design of transceivers for wireless communi- cations, Springer Science & Business Media, 2005

Q. Gu, RF system design of transceivers for wireless communi- cations, Springer Science & Business Media, 2005

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User scheduling and optimal power allocation for full-duplex cellular networks,

G. C. Alexandropoulos, M. Kountouris, and I. Atzeni, “User scheduling and optimal power allocation for full-duplex cellular networks,” in Proc. IEEE SPA WC, Edinburgh, UK, July 2016, pp. 1–6

work page 2016

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Perfor- mance evaluation of user scheduling for full-duplex small cells in ultra-dense networks,

I. Atzeni, M. Kountouris, and G. C. Alexandropoulos, “Perfor- mance evaluation of user scheduling for full-duplex small cells in ultra-dense networks,” in Proc. EuCNC , Oulu, Finland, May 2016, pp. 1–6

work page 2016

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AD9361: 2× 2 RF Agile Transceiver , Analog Devices, 2016

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Self-interference cancellation for LTE-compatible full-duplex systems,

M. S. Sim, K. S. Kim, and C.-B. Chae, “Self-interference cancellation for LTE-compatible full-duplex systems,” in Proc. IEEE ICC , Kansas City, USA, May 2018, pp. 1–6

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work page 2016