Pith. sign in

Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 73 of 73 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2608.04433.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2608.04433 v1

Coverage vector

measured 73 of 73 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.376005Z

measured 73 of 73 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

73 of 73 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact3
  • verified fuzzy39
  • unresolved30
  • parse uncertain1
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 2e0af785-1c22-4856-831b-007e03222899 · outbound

This paper cites Findings of EMNLP 2025 , year=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Findings of EMNLP 2025 , year=

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.385720Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.087930Z digest=sha256:16ab6b6fdbc0bf9f1696887bfbfdcb83fa69fd87913db52a384bf7c997ed897a

Observation 4e354ce0-56ae-48a2-95da-5e89accecaf2 · outbound

This paper cites Contextual Paralinguistic Data Creation for Multi-Modal Speech-LLM: Data Condensation and Spoken.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Contextual Paralinguistic Data Creation for Multi-Modal Speech-LLM: Data Condensation and Spoken

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.372895Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.093935Z digest=sha256:e877843ff7ad619a4231f46b154271553e4591d3632c84c29cb4397f3d45efa5

Observation b3e65862-e0d4-469a-8a81-905f8a7d237a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.359628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.098504Z digest=sha256:0875115a592bd8cbb5046596e3652107763ffb2ab20b2a9d9a1d1c8682a0dae1

Observation 1c488bab-a1d2-4f7f-997b-652e73d2f007 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.102679Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.102679Z digest=sha256:e3fed1c7d0f0207768266c29faf1fec305dac1e574cdb4d30b503a5cbdfd62fc

Observation 78cbbe5c-e647-4e93-83b4-1c3dd0315f81 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) , year =.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) , year =

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.347123Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.107176Z digest=sha256:1800a3648ec66c4fcddd069e58cf9b0a094eaa783d94de35ae7b0821387ca27c

Observation 4fcd6b30-c94c-47fa-b800-e4dc2e60eb6c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.333740Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.111811Z digest=sha256:14622bc1263770325ecfa38d56ee2a8015efd474742fc185334cc63f5ea46414

Observation ebf70474-4e70-439a-96fe-d144c56af018 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.320963Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.115996Z digest=sha256:26242f0fa12fc35aa737f24eb3a9af23763802b2c4d66cffa80e7bbbda86c1a4

Observation 0f9ec930-a6d4-4938-adfb-00b46cb56239 · outbound

This paper cites Lotfian and C.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Lotfian and C

Reference 8

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.308125Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.120461Z digest=sha256:82f918191849a43470c7609648a40980763a7b38975f41e3099d424090a1c36e

Observation 5ceeb9df-026d-4887-8661-7748d2b9e516 · outbound

This paper cites , journal=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages , journal=

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.295064Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.124356Z digest=sha256:fc51f77b64755a0f59ff2ae518d86d0c7d8f28a64c6bc5e6ce578c242cf864a1

Observation d76f006c-cba8-457e-8afd-fdb6a7439ac3 · outbound

This paper cites Psychological review , year=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Psychological review , year=

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.281844Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.128527Z digest=sha256:940d54a746746cc3738c353463166be8fc6eab23ff060c46ab12f1eb21a4e096

Observation 899e53f7-2118-4cb4-bbaa-ff4cde85b655 · outbound

This paper cites Academic Press , year=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Academic Press , year=

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.268932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.132368Z digest=sha256:d725f74eb6a550c6844fecb771a3a6097690fbd71a0fa4049b1978e3f0641f23

Observation e188f1a7-a2b3-4606-b5c6-8affebd29cd9 · outbound

This paper cites An argument for basic emotions , Volume =.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages An argument for basic emotions , Volume =

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.254359Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.136144Z digest=sha256:69a11d89887df8f49f157884d0dbc77fb63ecd42528954fdd39054d8d1c674e5

Observation 3bfe5f54-b5bd-4d90-a6a1-4b20b9042a1b · outbound

This paper cites 1977 , author =.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages 1977 , author =

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.240368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.140048Z digest=sha256:c89124f2a93b89763a4c4e7d36f71aeedfa4cc2003f7e87263cc2b8e934ef6ec

Observation dc7cf9eb-fe25-4c2c-8f5a-46ad8feac62d · outbound

This paper cites Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) , year=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) , year=

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.226874Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.144483Z digest=sha256:54ed20b4b18e53b121508d9a4b35675b1ba74d1b419fc4994f853a3106556230

Observation 770004d9-c040-463c-8004-a8343e412da3 · outbound

This paper cites Chang and Sungbok Lee and Shrikanth S.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Chang and Sungbok Lee and Shrikanth S

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.212830Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.148394Z digest=sha256:fc87679759ed956d96e0235e6a307cba47025cb35a12051cabda284a12c59879

Observation 91b2fea2-7d72-4640-8b73-3bd4ed4b0978 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.199661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.152266Z digest=sha256:bf799e5586b0181ed1433b1d067dc7471fc0ddf0e638e8ffc8d804a6ea3e2c21

Observation 0418900f-8101-41e2-bd2c-24491bcd1cbc · outbound

This paper cites and King, Irwin.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages and King, Irwin

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.186796Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.155920Z digest=sha256:26b5d835735edcac34f9621f902c388be9fb099d16ead3655d5eb8d1e6b33851

Observation 21e56bbb-c988-4016-a093-ccbd0833fe11 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.172755Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.159963Z digest=sha256:3ed87da98c977a5982708c986a6a50b02765d9364c56c00843cd2e28ae726722

Observation d0509586-6d44-44db-bdca-d492097300bc · outbound

This paper cites ICLR , year=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages ICLR , year=

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.158737Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.163706Z digest=sha256:d5c89bc732046d1f92fee34ed626d77fcaaa906d187db2ea2e5de5edf8196641

Observation 8e3981b8-e05c-4e76-b7cc-7b9154f595ee · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.167558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.167558Z digest=sha256:e68c90f20f995516d3e432b51038a4f6f09c52d40ed96d33fabcc9b163abf0a8

Observation 966ee2e2-6af5-4cf0-b591-315efc14bb2e · outbound

This paper cites 2014 , publisher=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages 2014 , publisher=

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.133787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.171530Z digest=sha256:4d037bc59b93c674e057a7193f41379a6f04df72403c3a5a94035d786aa9e465

Observation ed56dee5-1211-4ba1-ba74-c42081604716 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.119018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.175791Z digest=sha256:1139ae7423e3560289ab6d43d3dd7d199393c0082968dccee0e61141d5202795

Observation c079d346-257e-4d7c-b38c-9c232eac757b · outbound

This paper cites Emotional Speech Dataset (.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Emotional Speech Dataset (

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.105276Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.179338Z digest=sha256:eb1a756295728d9c4feb99af5dcf44656e3199634ea40c467f8a3041bf2c856c

Observation 3fba5a9a-7d06-4f3f-87ff-7fd36aa9e462 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing , volume=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing , volume=

Reference 24

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.091749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.183125Z digest=sha256:151f828d942462b2ff07bb8a50cbf8a423210034f9d25850649e5d01a6b7e507

Observation dbbf3d73-9664-479b-be63-dfb44a07d282 · outbound

This paper cites GitHub repository , howpublished =.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages GitHub repository , howpublished =

Reference 25

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.078650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.186930Z digest=sha256:8f9b9f774c8b831520614d0368ff6655b60236660ce7426151176470333d6006

Observation 172deaf3-8ad4-4f4a-8ed5-df0b83cc3242 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.065330Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.190804Z digest=sha256:fab28262709dab38ee54b260566352e839ba37899f113b83a648a5c1a9906a56

Observation 7b3cfa89-62c4-4619-9a50-02fcd1309fd8 · outbound

This paper cites and Edin, Joakim and Igel, Christian and Kirchhoff, Katrin and Li, Shang-Wen and Livescu, Karen and Maaløe, Lars and Sainath, Tara N.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages and Edin, Joakim and Igel, Christian and Kirchhoff, Katrin and Li, Shang-Wen and Livescu, Karen and Maaløe, Lars and Sainath, Tara N

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.194701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.194701Z digest=sha256:28a985dffe363d956b0d80ceaff3607634d9d4abc9afd6e1e7820a1f15f56904

Observation 15385dbb-cd29-4f83-aa63-834890b0bee7 · outbound

This paper cites doi:10.21437/Interspeech.2025-1283 , issn =.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages doi:10.21437/Interspeech.2025-1283 , issn =

Reference 28

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.441412Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.198465Z digest=sha256:a668a9de1df46ae767b6bf1602d9c953e2c2bb56f3d2d8f1107a6db166d38568

Observation a417dd74-7734-420f-a417-7fa494f780a3 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , author =.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages 2025 , author =

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.042034Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.203166Z digest=sha256:0ab60b72ca565b39749a44df2a5952803f8d18b04ccf1c540288ae1a6a8df1f4

Observation 2262d89c-eb02-4194-96fe-720585d65d00 · outbound

This paper cites and Richerson, Elizabeth and Robinson, Donita and Busso, Carlos , booktitle=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages and Richerson, Elizabeth and Robinson, Donita and Busso, Carlos , booktitle=

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.028904Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.206976Z digest=sha256:115680e8a5c0bf32d267b4619d2698a88870bc6ab6982ce3ae053b0b5e2a3b14

Observation 76e88f6b-5790-4370-a2bd-54cc5ce04f12 · outbound

This paper cites Kaplan and Tamer Nadeem , year =.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Kaplan and Tamer Nadeem , year =

Reference 31

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.426823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.211078Z digest=sha256:a53593c4c29d3a6f3f748111aa67a08f51d777b270b4cb6b3e87e41e94ca6b73

Observation 4c231239-521e-4277-8ca5-801ef90b8b43 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.015689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.215138Z digest=sha256:8a68e9ad1bfdae4756793401f7696febc554098b417249523e068fbecd1358bf

Observation 43d3f15e-82c0-4a56-9cd5-31bf90f3a215 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:43.002687Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.218962Z digest=sha256:2d6c220cf52bf3ad8410fabe0458c93c7d6728d1fc14a02f8b79cf2534bcdebf

Observation fa5ec3dc-4ff2-4204-a9f4-4d2fe2389978 · outbound

This paper cites AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and Listen.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and Listen

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.222990Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.222990Z digest=sha256:204c203ea27029ec397b8c3d4f9c664fc0c326da61d07483a187c2faeced003c

Observation 2e712189-35f7-47d8-ad4b-7231dc2c189a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.990190Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.227107Z digest=sha256:be7d3a63506bf0bf1d06433c02c836df661bbff57e8c0bee38e2cd4fa6767826

Observation 6ca5c885-2b36-49da-8cb2-dbfd8033bd04 · outbound

This paper cites Advancing Large Language Models to Capture Varied Speaking Styles and Respond Properly in Spoken Conversations.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Advancing Large Language Models to Capture Varied Speaking Styles and Respond Properly in Spoken Conversations

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.230799Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.230799Z digest=sha256:740e2ca8f6fef1ca3c841a676d7fe96cfe8d1263ddcf8eb51f9b7ba37d1d003e

Observation 13df3075-0009-4299-81de-c4c8dadab894 · outbound

This paper cites Interspeech , year=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Interspeech , year=

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.977522Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.235662Z digest=sha256:ace7486d4ce32a3bc654ad81532e2c78312a01117430deb8d0596e615eba0da4

Observation 1df8beca-320e-493d-b4c2-d168f98cc719 · outbound

This paper cites Frozen Large Language Models Can Perceive Paralinguistic Aspects of Speech.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Frozen Large Language Models Can Perceive Paralinguistic Aspects of Speech

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.239688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.239688Z digest=sha256:72064967aaf701c834b9569e0b3cd3f55db723384564708cacd115990b28827a

Observation 445a2797-9e37-4016-83d8-b3b468759e5e · outbound

This paper cites The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) , year =.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages The Thirty-eighth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) , year =

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.963742Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.243888Z digest=sha256:6c7ae62dc9bf89536dc04a49d9e3f3c54373b45875fb0c40200fe965d1d3665b

Observation 3f3c4f7a-88fe-470c-8d49-107eb17cd331 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.950654Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.247654Z digest=sha256:494cfd869fd555aeb0e81a59602faff7828c582c7a85f02f00638e478917dc23

Observation 89a0e952-2e8e-4fa7-983e-133839cbe11c · outbound

This paper cites Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC) , pages=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC) , pages=

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.937570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.251348Z digest=sha256:e0f30de88732262d3d6bee0e5c92fcd5bbba856335355182966c15b4723271f8

Observation 7bb99cd7-9489-480b-b99d-b4a57aeb3097 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.923791Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.255438Z digest=sha256:50aa79ea8a238f285432b2ac0fcaa4f31210b0264d96c04a4807bd7b54672ebc

Observation f5f9c143-8cb6-47f9-8883-778f12fe7d37 · outbound

This paper cites 2024 , pages=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages 2024 , pages=

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.909683Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.259126Z digest=sha256:a6cbd392c503502dd1a3655c5cc66c4f52af47a49e8f20dad0e7b59ed0f5b62d

Observation a58177f2-2292-43a8-bc5b-58db0d74219b · outbound

This paper cites Beyond Silent Letters: Amplifying LLM s in Emotion Recognition with Vocal Nuances.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Beyond Silent Letters: Amplifying LLM s in Emotion Recognition with Vocal Nuances

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.895382Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.262731Z digest=sha256:1e82bdc5e87e7bae88857f94488bd1da380ef5255542af6c9ccbd5952413b1c4

Observation 5c09938f-7d69-41e0-b1af-5fb415493c3b · outbound

This paper cites Interspeech , doi =.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Interspeech , doi =

Reference 45

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.880418Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.266493Z digest=sha256:e48ecc6dd97886fd06088cde0cb42f2db30022c84b7a3dae59f5dc93ad9d1ce9

Observation 0bb56c25-a666-4a72-93b5-df86d5996d80 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.866180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.270281Z digest=sha256:236ef2ce0746e73c6d198dcd9bbc5dc4b0a7fe79bd100b40f7e9e47320702df7

Observation 4b492d2c-a959-46d3-85e1-4ce228494867 · outbound

This paper cites Vox-Profile: A Speech Foundation Model Benchmark for Characterizing Diverse Speaker and Speech Traits.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Vox-Profile: A Speech Foundation Model Benchmark for Characterizing Diverse Speaker and Speech Traits

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.274098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.274098Z digest=sha256:989a11ae9daae85e4b4bc75ca8473084ca9ab91dd62ae2ec9644d263daa09114

Observation 82873f60-df1d-4009-9197-0b3a83cb114a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.852165Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.278468Z digest=sha256:73330d7e3fa8d9170f22b8f453b1b87460657ad3ab3236ee3f1f8dc82e57ca29

Observation ddb14d43-0ddc-4d36-8b75-ea782b9a5463 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.837546Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.282302Z digest=sha256:5c01965b29095fee6af0dbd8c9cd688247704921aff46bfc68b62d9cefe6c52f

Observation 44bcee87-d1d6-4926-94f6-c74f66a1ac92 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.823853Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.286397Z digest=sha256:d9b7ac2c7cb47f1e8a1575239367e50640716e09efaed6c6cccf4196b5d0e1f1

Observation 8c384fa7-2e76-4f2f-820d-ecac8876ef8d · outbound

This paper cites A Rank Stabilization Scaling Factor for Fine-Tuning with.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages A Rank Stabilization Scaling Factor for Fine-Tuning with

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.290506Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.290506Z digest=sha256:f92ba42aa4e58693252fb6a7728ad9cd7dc16a7638b0f27a2e7a03ee379d157b

Observation e3200851-7fc4-4369-80df-b30f7069be8c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.799302Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.294141Z digest=sha256:00be0684d10bf37f39b46f99c634373a89f6516cdbb05a9fd4e96f2fa8e94c8f

Observation 4e5f8582-3a45-40d4-b2c8-d65d4547b97c · outbound

This paper cites International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) , year=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) , year=

Reference 53

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.785850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.298180Z digest=sha256:84bd0da346b8e55d58ae3ad5547ff275856116e655929a7095c18b51e8e3cf19

Observation 1d0e9976-0041-4961-b4b9-d34cc8391ce1 · outbound

This paper cites European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) , pages=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) , pages=

Reference 54

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.772757Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.301815Z digest=sha256:820dea063aa8bf39144b4b37374cbfbdabda095a4343b1645a83ddeb817b62aa

Observation b5fa9e6d-b30e-462b-ba5f-805989806c6f · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) , pages=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) , pages=

Reference 55

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.759195Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.305604Z digest=sha256:9fe146921791acd017f1cc653189d05b61fe510fd91fd92b7b66f2d350252d38

Observation 96879ea9-9e93-4190-a21d-bcb9845750e6 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) , year=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) , year=

Reference 56

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.745889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.309395Z digest=sha256:4d8ff5069e5d2ceec7565d92df54a49cf1d7a00300410de9c2114f99f937896e

Observation 9f31f17c-f90d-4169-b931-01b5a4b20114 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of Interspeech , pages=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Proceedings of Interspeech , pages=

Reference 57

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.731840Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.312995Z digest=sha256:d4e1ca2a9f6992ab21d9e19feee37868fb2ffc803f917850ceb25eec73834e50

Observation 1a5b46be-63f3-4b93-bbeb-2cb24dc12f19 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 58

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.717950Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.316944Z digest=sha256:f8a94beff35bf103b33301f9b045531cf03a1fec2d37817e590724083871b18d

Observation cd357e1d-0a67-4f27-8f97-d990705f77d2 · outbound

This paper cites 2024 , eprint=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages 2024 , eprint=

Reference 59

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.703027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.320801Z digest=sha256:5504c4ab628b995fe7b94b6ea0b0819c8ef796f79244e606e079c6391704a9ec

Observation ca20fcc1-1929-40a9-a892-43deb44b9351 · outbound

This paper cites 2022 , publisher=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages 2022 , publisher=

Reference 60

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.689935Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.324489Z digest=sha256:a0b1b23f17941354632afa29fd5a4c5daa13b8d8438582fcc31b61264abab649

Observation 409b729d-8c32-4640-896d-9f334fab00f2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 61

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.676518Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.328707Z digest=sha256:3e59f1e53e7908157c3f6e50de27f559a591c41f32deb2f3ec39a1fdb3c37185

Observation d861dc06-4046-4393-b7e4-4f597bdfb785 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.662521Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.332505Z digest=sha256:cf659a1682c32a8237270912a26f090d292657b8f003870a0e43959b366af490

Observation 087fe44d-bd22-45ef-9cbc-ca049c50163d · outbound

This paper cites Advancing.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Advancing

Reference 63

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.647803Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.336394Z digest=sha256:86037ac2b8dcb9f01db60466407186db98e98041edda021e5ed92c8193bb09ad

Observation 128df80a-680d-4e20-8213-8b39d63ffa2d · outbound

This paper cites Building the.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Building the

Reference 64

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.412066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.340410Z digest=sha256:c7bce45e28f80ffe43089b43e64414fbd110fda9430c169ceb91dd607a9ae53e

Observation ac383f30-9430-4965-a449-53859825f8bb · outbound

This paper cites 2008 , publisher=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages 2008 , publisher=

Reference 65

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.344341Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.344341Z digest=sha256:da0ce207a55a1803572c1956a9ce38f1a1187cc0a71407894fff4e14d63b337f

Observation ea0825bb-63d4-4c0b-bd76-ecc9e17b33d3 · outbound

This paper cites 2023 , organization=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages 2023 , organization=

Reference 66

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.623964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.348379Z digest=sha256:a2c5ff2d7acdc50d68a24dee96cd523f61eff0f02043a74b7dc103e915e34963

Observation 86bb5e1c-9744-4e9d-8775-f802aa6c089a · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC) , pages=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC) , pages=

Reference 67

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.609161Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.352345Z digest=sha256:9ba3e2cad990e1a3f06e16c7d7b8a562c5d9edd94672ca1f4494b12abca5368f

Observation f225831b-9ae9-47ce-b3e0-e9b6addcb3c6 · outbound

This paper cites Open-source Multi-speaker Speech Corpora for Building.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Open-source Multi-speaker Speech Corpora for Building

Reference 68

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.594635Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.356295Z digest=sha256:bda06c68d60bbc882f60d50072816b0854c583b0d8ace4213007e480222ce357

Observation 78cec534-3210-462e-8057-d55407d867df · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , address=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages 2025 , address=

Reference 69

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.579969Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.360063Z digest=sha256:f5a7b94569cd382fef360a67bbeecae8e41bbef9e37f3b3b370b0b501ec9d23f

Observation 5569cc73-33a2-4e10-8176-c8e8430dc31f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 70

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.566440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.364132Z digest=sha256:b943fadd99f4adecf8ca5a76a3e8f98dde79a30dd809b04ea4122fe2bad88614

Observation 3a207968-125e-4c7b-8128-3db73d59d1a8 · outbound

This paper cites 2023 , howpublished=.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages 2023 , howpublished=

Reference 71

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.553038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.367884Z digest=sha256:3c003806a65728bae4198e2db80ed740ebe83b7f3c0fc47240fa15cbcf624d5f

Observation 309c78bb-c1c6-4fbb-a18d-fc033c4f918e · outbound

This paper cites and Warni, Elly and Areni, Intan S.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages and Warni, Elly and Areni, Intan S

Reference 72

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.539760Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.371695Z digest=sha256:00f5e826988cce4a551e710446a6580cd8b9a2537b78ed9e093509b146739ae2

Observation 3199700f-9452-4eaf-991c-3cf608f5a543 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

MERaLiON-GR: Speech Gender Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages Unresolved cited work

Reference 73

Resolution
parse uncertain
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T00:12:42.376005Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-07T00:12:42.376005Z digest=sha256:2f27324d505a06571641b3b4c7edcf85bc14db7e126ba5f023354d80b5c6fa6e

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.