Dually Lorentzian Polynomials

We introduce and study a notion of dually Lorentzian polynomials, and show that if $s$ is non-zero and dually Lorentzian then the operator \[s(\partial_{x_1},\ldots,\partial_{x_n}):\mathbb R[x_1,\ldots,x_n] \to \mathbb R[x_1,\ldots,x_n]\] preserves (strictly) Lorentzian polynomials. From this we conclude that any theory that admits a mixed Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality also admits a generalized Alexandrov-Fenchel inequality involving dually Lorentzian polynomials. As such we deduce generalized Alexandrov-Fenchel inequalities for mixed discriminants, for integrals of K\"ahler classes, for mixed volumes, and in the theory of valuations.