Hilbert's 16th problem on a period annulus and Nash space of arcs

This article introduces an algebro-geometric setting for the space of bifurcation functions involved in the local Hilbert's 16th problem on a period annulus. Each possible bifurcation function is in one-to-one correspondence with a point in the exceptional divisor $E$ of the canonical blow-up $B_I{\mathbb C}^n$ of the Bautin ideal $I$. In this setting, the notion of essential perturbation, first proposed by Iliev, is defined via irreducible components of the Nash space of arcs $ Arc(B_I\mathbb C^n,E)$. The example of planar quadratic vector fields in the Kapteyn normal form is further discussed.